第23章 帮助穷人自助
§1
第23章 帮助穷人自助
§2
Chap. 23 - Helping the Poor to Help Themselves
§3
教导穷人自力更生——应当委派敬畏上帝的男女，有见识有智慧者，去照顾穷苦及有需要的人，这事应先从信徒的家中开始。这些情形应当报告给教会，并且大家商量应当怎样处理。{WM 194.1}[1]
§4
Educate the Poor to Be Self-reliant.--Men and women of God, persons of discernment and wisdom, should be appointed to look after the poor and needy, the household of faith first. These should report to the church and counsel as to what should be done. {WM 194.1}[1]
§5
我们不要鼓励穷苦的人，以为自己可得免费或近乎免费的衣食，我们应当使他们处于能自助的地步。我们当尽力安排他们工作，若属必要的话，也当教导他们怎样作工。应当教导贫苦的家庭学习怎样烹饪，怎样给自己制作及缝补衣服，及怎样适当地整理家务。应当彻底教导男女孩子一些有用的贸易或职业。我们要教导穷人自力更生。这才是真正的帮助，因为这不但会使他们自助，也会使他们能帮助别人。——《证言》卷六278，279页. {WM 194.2}[2]
§6
Instead of encouraging the poor to think that they can have their eating and drinking provided free, or nearly so, we should place them where they can help themselves. We should endeavor to provide them with work, and if necessary, teach them how to work. Let the members of poor households be taught how to cook, how to make and mend their own clothing, how to care properly for the home. Let boys and girls be thoroughly taught some useful trade or occupation. We are to educate the poor to become self-reliant. This will be true help, for it will not only make them self-sustaining but will enable them to help others.-- Testimonies, vol. 6, pp. 278, 279. {WM 194.2}[2]
§7
对有思想、有财力之人的呼召——常常会出现这个问题：在普遍穷困而且举步维艰的地方我们能做什么呢？在这些情况下，我们怎样才能用改良的正确观点打动人心呢？工作肯定是艰难的；而且教师们、有思想的人、和有财力的人若不运用自己的才干，并像基督处于他们位置时去做的那样，愿意提拔人，一项重要的工作就不能完成。男男女女若不借助于自己以外的力量，就永远不会有必要的改革。那些有才干和能力的人，必须使用这些恩赐来祝福同胞，劳苦作工使同胞们的脚站在能自助的地方。在我们学校中所获得的教育，正当这样加以最好的运用。{WM 194.3}[3]
§8
A Call to Men of Thought and Means.--The question will often arise: What can be done where poverty prevails and is to be contended with at every step? Under these circumstances how can we impress minds with correct ideas of improvement? Certainly the work is difficult; and unless the teachers, the thinking men, and the men who have means will exercise their talents and will lift just as Christ would lift were He in their place an important work will be left undone. The necessary reformation will never be made unless men and women are helped by a power outside of themselves. Those who have talents and capabilities must use these gifts to bless their fellow men, laboring to place them upon a footing where they can help themselves. It is thus that the education gained at our schools should be put to the very best use. {WM 194.3}[3]
§9
上帝所委托的才干不应当被藏在斗底下或是床底下。基督说过：“你们是世上的光”（太5:14）。当你看到许多家庭住在简陋的小屋中，几乎没有什么家具和衣物，没有工具，没有书本或其它令他们的家显得优雅的东西，你会变得对他们感兴趣，并尽力教导他们如何最好地运用自己的精力，作出改善，并使他们的工作有进展吗？—《证言》卷六.188，189页. {WM 195.1}[4]
§10
Gods entrusted talents are not to be hid under a bushel or under a bed. Ye are the light of the world, Christ said. Matthew 5:14. As you see families living in hovels, with scant furniture and clothing, without tools, without books or other marks of refinement about their homes, will you become interested in them and endeavor to teach them how to put their energies to the very best use, that there may be improvement, and that their work may move forward?--Ibid., pp. 188, 189. {WM 195.1}[4]
§11
圣经显示解决这个问题的方法——善良慷慨的人热心关怀穷人的状况，要设法救济他们。帮助失业和无家可归的人，使他们同享上帝赐给人类的福气，过祂所希望人过的生活，这正是许多人热诚努力要解决的问题。……{WM 195.2}[5]
§12
Gods Word Reveals the Solution to the Problem. --There are largehearted men and women who are anxiously considering the condition of the poor and what means can be found for their relief. How the unemployed and the homeless can be helped to secure the common blessings of Gods providence and to live the life He intended man to live, is a question to which many are earnestly endeavoring to find an answer. . . . {WM 195.2}[5]
§13
要是人多注意圣经的教训，他们就能找到解决这些难题的办法。在《旧约》中，可以学到许多关于劳工问题和救济穷人的教训。按照上帝为以色列人所制定的计划，每一家除了住宅之外，还要有充足的耕田。这样，他们就有条件和理由过有用，勤劳，自食其力的生活。世人无法改善这个计划。今日的贫穷和困苦，在很大的程度上，是因为世人离开了这个计划。……{WM 195.3}[6]
§14
If men would give more heed to the teaching of Gods Word, they would find a solution of these problems that perplex them. Much might be learned from the Old Testament in regard to the labor question and the relief of the poor. In Gods plan for Israel every family had a home on the land, with sufficient ground for tilling. Thus were provided both the means and the incentive for a useful, industrious, and self-supporting life. And no devising of men has ever improved upon that plan. To the worlds departure from it is owing, to a large degree, the poverty and wretchedness that exist today. . . . {WM 195.3}[6]
§15
在以色列，职业训练被视为一种本分。每一个父亲都必须教导儿子一门实用的技术。以色列最伟大的人物也受过职业的训练。每一个妇女都要有料理家务的知识。精通这方面的责任，被视为最高地位的妇女所拥有的荣誉。{WM 196.1}[7]
§16
In Israel industrial training was regarded as a duty. Every father was required to teach his sons some useful trade. The greatest men in Israel were trained to industrial pursuits. A knowledge of the duties pertaining to housewifery was considered essential for every woman. And skill in these duties was regarded as an honor to women of the highest station. {WM 196.1}[7]
§17
先知学校中也教授各种手艺。许多学生都是靠手艺自养的。……{WM 196.2}[8]
§18
Various industries were taught in the schools of the prophets, and many of the students sustained themselves by manual labor. . . . {WM 196.2}[8]
§19
上帝为以色列人所制定的人生计划，原是要成为全人类的实际教训。如果今日实行了这些原则，这个世界将会多么地不同啊!—《服务真诠》183-188页. {WM 196.3}[9]
§20
The plan of life that God gave to Israel was intended as an object lesson for all mankind. If these principles were carried out today, what a different place this world would be!--Ministry of Healing, pp. 183-188. {WM 196.3}[9]
§21
许多人在地上可以找到容身之处——穷困受苦的人在这大地上仍有可以容身的地方。地上的出产，足以供给他们的食物。只要人有坚强的意志、勇气和毅力，就能够去发掘地中的宝藏。耕作土地原是上帝在伊甸园中委派给人类的工作。这种工作足以使许多人得以生存。……{WM 196.4}[10]
§22
Multitudes Might Find Homes on the Land.-- Within the vast boundaries of nature there is still room for the suffering and needy to find a home. Within her bosom there are resources sufficient to provide them with food. Hidden in the depths of the earth are blessings for all who have courage and will and perseverance to gather her treasures. The tilling of the soil, the employment that God appointed to man in Eden, opens a field in which there is opportunity for multitudes to gain a subsistence. . . . {WM 196.4}[10]
§23
如果现今挤在都市中的贫民，能到乡村间去居住，不但他们衣食的问题可以解决，且可以得到意想不到的康健和快乐。虽然，乡间的工作是费力的，生活是俭朴的，而且一切都没有都市那样便利。但他们离开城市及其邪恶，骚动，罪行，悲惨和恶劣之状，得享自然界的幽静，清洁，和安宁，乃是多么大的祝福啊！……{WM 196.5}[11]
§24
If the poor now crowded into the cities could find homes upon the land, they might not only earn a livelihood but find health and happiness now unknown to them. Hard work, simple fare, close economy, often hardship and privation, would be their lot. But what a blessing would be theirs in leaving the city, with its enticements to evil, its turmoil and crime, misery and foulness, for the countrys quiet and peace and purity. . . . {WM 196.5}[11]
§25
若要这些人变得勤劳和自食其力，他们中许多人需要得到帮助，鼓励和指导。对于许多穷苦的家庭，最好的传道工作就是帮助他们安身在土地上，学习如何种地谋生。{WM 197.1}[12]
§26
If they ever become industrious and self-supporting, very many must have assistance, encouragement, and instruction. There are multitudes of poor families for whom no better missionary work could be done than to assist them in settling on the land and in learning how to make it yield them a livelihood. {WM 197.1}[12]
§27
这种帮助和指导的需要不限于城市。在具有更好生存条件的农村，也有许多极需帮助的穷人。有些地方的人，完全没有职业和卫生方面的知识。……{WM 197.2}[13]
§28
The need for such help and instruction is not confined to the cities. Even in the country, with all its possibilities for a better life, multitudes of the poor are in great need. Whole communities are devoid of education in industrial and sanitary lines. . . . {WM 197.2}[13]
§29
堕落的心灵和衰弱丑陋的身体，显示了不良遗传和错误习惯的结果。这些人需要从根本上予以教导。他们以前过的是散漫，荒荡，败坏的生活，必须帮助他们养成正确的习惯。{WM 197.3}[14]
§30
Imbruted souls, bodies weak and ill-formed, reveal the results of evil heredity and of wrong habits. These people must be educated from the very foundation. They have led shiftless, idle, corrupt lives, and they need to be trained to correct habits. {WM 197.3}[14]
§31
他们怎样才能认识到改进的必要性呢？如何引导他们达到人生的更高理想呢？如何帮助他们提高呢？何使他们在穷困的环境中步步奋斗呢？—《服务真诠》188-193页. {WM 197.4}[15]
§32
How can they be awakened to the necessity of improvement? How can they be directed to a higher ideal of life? How can they be helped to rise? What can be done where poverty prevails, and is to be contended with at every step?--Ibid., pp. 188-193. {WM 197.4}[15]
§33
基督徒农民的工作——基督徒农民能够从事真正的传道工作，那就是帮助穷人找安身之处，教导他们耕作土地，使之出产。要教他们怎样使用农具，怎样种植各种庄稼，怎样栽种和照看果园。{WM 197.5}[16]
§34
A Work for Christian Farmers.--Christian farmers can do real missionary work in helping the poor to find homes on the land and in teaching them how to till the soil and make it productive. Teach them how to use the implements of agriculture, how to cultivate various crops, how to plant and care for orchards. {WM 197.5}[16]
§35
许多种地的人得不到丰富的收成，是因为自己的疏忽。他们的果园没有好好照看，庄稼没有按时下种，耕耘只浮于表面。收成不好，他们就怨土地贫瘠。事实往往并非如此。只要耕作得当，土地就会有丰富的回报。他们潦草的工作，肤浅的计划，和不肯研究最佳的方法，需要大大地改进。——《服务真诠》193页{WM 197.6}[17]
§36
Many who till the soil fail to secure adequate returns because of their neglect. Their orchards are not properly cared for, the crops are not put in at the right time, and a mere surface work is done in cultivating the soil. Their ill success they charge to the unproductiveness of the land. False witness is often borne in condemning land that, if properly worked, would yield rich returns. The narrow plans, the little strength put forth, the little study as to the best methods, call loudly for reform.--Ibid., p. 193. {WM 197.6}[17]
§37
即使是最穷困的人也可以通过早起和勤奋工作来改善自己的环境。……要藉着殷勤的劳作，藉着智慧地运用每一能力，藉着学习不浪费光阴，他们才能在改善自己的房屋环境和耕种土地上取得成功。——《证言》卷六188，189页. {WM 198.1}[18]
§38
Even the poorest can improve their surroundings by rising early and working diligently. . . . It is by diligent labor, by putting to the wisest use every capability, by learning to waste no time, that they will become successful in improving their premises and cultivating their land.--Testimonies, vol. 6, pp. 188, 189. {WM 198.1}[18]
§39
建立各种实业—要注意建立各种实业，使穷苦的家庭能找到工作。不论木匠铁匠，凡懂得某种生产技术的人，都应负起责任，教导和帮助失业和没有知识的人。{WM 198.2}[19]
§40
Establishment of Industries.--Attention should be given to the establishment of various industries so that poor families can find employment. Carpenters, blacksmiths, and indeed everyone who understands some line of useful labor should feel a responsibility to teach and help the ignorant and the unemployed. {WM 198.2}[19]
§41
不论是男是女，都可以从事帮助穷人的工作。高明的厨师，管家，裁缝，护士——各种帮助都少不了。……{WM 198.3}[20]
§42
In ministry to the poor there is a wide field of service for women as well as for men. The efficient cook, the housekeeper, the seamstress, the nurse--the help of all is needed. . . . {WM 198.3}[20]
§43
荒芜的地方，需要传道的家庭去住。农民，金融家，建筑师和各种技术人员，都应该到荒僻的地方去开垦土地，建立实业，为自己盖起简陋的住宅，并帮助邻居。——《服务真诠》194页. {WM 198.4}[21]
§44
Missionary families are needed to settle in the waste places. Let farmers, financiers, builders, and those who are skilled in various arts and crafts go to neglected fields to improve the land, to establish industries, to prepare humble homes for themselves, and to help their neighbors.--Ministry of Healing, p. 194. {WM 198.4}[21]
§45
帮助人自立——我们帮助穷人最有效的方法，就是教导实用的知识。未受过职业训练的人，一般没有勤劳，坚持，节约和克己的习惯。他们不知道怎样安排，常常因缺乏审慎和正确的判断而造成浪费。如果他们能做到谨慎节约的话，本来是可以体面舒适地维持他们家庭的。“穷人耕种多得粮食，但因不义，有消灭的”（箴13:23）。{WM 198.5}[22]
§46
Help Men to Help Themselves.--By instruction in practical lines we can often help the poor most effectively. As a rule those who have not been trained to work do not have habits of industry, perseverance, economy, and self-denial. They do not know how to manage. Often through lack of carefulness and right judgment there is wasted that which would maintain their families in decency and comfort if it were carefully and economically used. Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment. {WM 198.5}[22]
§47
我们周济穷人，有时反而害了他们，使他们养成依赖的习惯。……{WM 199.1}[23]
§48
We may give to the poor, and harm them, by teaching them to be dependent. . . . {WM 199.1}[23]
§49
真正的慈善就是帮助人自立。……真正的慈善不单是物质的帮助，而是要诚恳地关心他人的福利。我们要设法了解穷苦之人的需要，把最有益于他们的东西给他们。为他们花费心思，光阴和精力，其价值远在金钱之上。但这是真正的慈善工作。——《服务真诠》 194，195页. {WM 199.2}[24]
§50
Real charity helps men to help themselves. . . . True beneficence means more than mere gifts. It means a genuine interest in the welfare of others. We should seek to understand the needs of the poor and distressed, and to give them the help that will benefit them most. To give thought and time and personal effort costs far more than merely to give money. But it is the truest charity.--Ibid., pp. 194, 195. {WM 199.2}[24]
§51
要将体力和道德力结合起来——在我们努力进行更新和改革时，要将体力和道德力结合起来。我们要寻求在今生和属灵方面获得知识，好使我们能将之传给他人。我们要设法在各个方面活出福音来，好使其今生和属灵的福气在我们四围都能感受到。——《证言》卷六189页. {WM 199.3}[25]
§52
Physical Effort and Moral Power Required.-- Physical effort and moral power are to be united in our endeavors to regenerate and reform. We are to seek to gain knowledge in both temporal and spiritual lines, that we may communicate it to others. We are to seek to live out the gospel in all its bearings, that its temporal and spiritual blessings may be felt all around us.--Testimonies, vol. 6, p. 189. {WM 199.3}[25]
§53
无意地伤害——我们周济穷人，可能是错误的，对他们也并非是福气，反而使他们觉得不必做工，也不必节约，因为别人不会让他们挨饿。我们不应鼓励怠惰，也不应供应钱财纵容自我满足的习惯。—《史略》293页{WM 199.4}[26]
§54
Unwittingly Injured.--We may err in making gifts to the poor which are not a blessing to them, leading them to feel that they need not exert themselves and practice economy, for others will not permit them to suffer. We should not give countenance to indolence or encourage habits of self-gratification by affording means for indulgence.--Historical Sketches, p. 293. {WM 199.4}[26]
§55
你可能会施舍给穷人却伤害他们，因为你教导他们依赖人。不要这样，而要教导他们自养。这才是真正的帮助。必须使贫穷的人处于可以自助的位置。—《文稿》1898. 46. {WM 199.5}[27]
§56
You may give to the poor, and injure them, because you teach them to be dependent. Instead, teach them to support themselves. This will be true help. The needy must be placed in positions where they can help themselves.--Manuscript 46, 1898. {WM 199.5}[27]
§57
不要支持懒惰——上帝的圣言教导说，人若不做工，就不要吃饭。上帝没有要求勤劳的人去供养那些懒惰的人。若浪费时间，不愿劳力，就会带来贫穷和欠缺。若果在这些错误中放纵，而不予以改正，这样，人为自己所能作的一切，就如同把财宝放进有漏洞的篮子里。然而，有些贫穷却是无法避免的，我们对这些不幸的人应表示温柔与同情。—《评论与通讯》1899.1.3 {WM 200.1}[28]
§58
Not to Be Supported in Idleness.--The Word of God teaches that if a man will not work, neither shall he eat. The Lord does not require the hard-working man to support those who are not diligent. There is a waste of time, a lack of effort, which brings to poverty and want. If these faults are not seen and corrected by those who indulge them, all that might be done in their behalf is like putting treasure into a basket with holes. But there is an unavoidable poverty, and we are to manifest tenderness and compassion toward those who are unfortunate.--Review and Herald, Jan. 3, 1899. {WM 200.1}[28]
§59
穷人寻求指导——有一班贫穷的弟兄并非是免于试探的。他们是卑劣的管家，没有明智的判断，他们想不经过恒心操劳的过程就得到钱财。这等人中有些人急于改善自己的状况，便参加不同的企业，而不请教有良好判断和经验的人。他们所期望的很少能实现；他们不但没能得利，反而受损，于是试探就来了，他们便有意嫉妒富人。他们确实想靠弟兄们的财富受益，并因没有如此受益而觉得受了考验。但他们不配领受特别的帮助。他们已证明自己的努力向来是分散的。他们在交易中向来是易变的，并且充满没有什么回报的忧愁挂虑。这种人应当听从那些有经验之人的忠告。但他们往往是最后一个寻求忠告的人。他们以为自己有高人一等的判断力，不愿受教。{WM 200.2}[29]
§60
Poor to Seek Counsel.--There is a class of poor brethren who are not free from temptation. They are poor managers, they have not wise judgment, they wish to obtain means without waiting the slow process of persevering toil. Some are in such haste to better their condition that they engage in various enterprises without consulting men of good judgment and experience. Their expectations are seldom realized; instead of gaining, they lose, and then come temptation and a disposition to envy the rich. They really want to be benefited by the wealth of their brethren, and feel tried because they are not. But they are not worthy of receiving special help. They have evidence that their efforts have been scattered. They have been changeable in business and full of anxiety and cares which bring but small returns. Such persons should listen to the counsel of those of experience. But frequently they are the last ones to seek advice. They think they have superior judgment and will not be taught. {WM 200.2}[29]
§61
这些人往往被那些依赖骗术获得成功的精明狡猾的专利权贩子所骗。这些人应该学会无论如何也不能信任这种小贩。但弟兄们在应该怀疑并躲避的事上却轻信了。他们没有把保罗对提摩太的指示记在心里：“然而，敬虔加上知足的心便是大利了。”“只要有衣有食，就当知足”（提前6:6,8）。但愿穷人不要以为只有富人才是贪婪的人。虽然富人贪婪地把持着自己所拥有的一切，并且谋求获得更多，但穷人也有大危险，垂涎富人的财富。——《证言》卷一480，481页. {WM 201.1}[30]
§62
These are often the very ones who are deceived by those sharp, shrewd peddlers of patent rights whose success depends upon the art of deception. These should learn that no confidence whatever can be put in such peddlers. But the brethren are credulous in regard to the very things they should suspect and shun. They do not take home the instruction of Paul to Timothy: But godliness with contentment is great gain. And having food and raiment let us be therewith content. Let not the poor think that the rich are the only covetous ones. While the rich hold what they have with a covetous grasp, and seek to obtain still more, the poor are in great danger of coveting the rich mans wealth.--Testimonies, vol. 1, pp. 480, 481. {WM 201.1}[30]
§63
要乐于接受忠告——许多人缺乏明智的管理和节约。他们不会三思而后行。这种人不应信赖自己拙劣的判断力，而应请教有经验的弟兄。然而那些缺乏节约和良好判断的人往往不愿请教人。他们通常认为自己懂得如何处理现世的事物，不愿听从忠告。他们行动失策，自食其果。弟兄们见到他们受苦便感忧伤，就帮助他们脱离困境。他们不明智的管理影响了教会，从上帝的库中取走了本应用于推进现代真理圣工的钱。{WM 201.2}[31]
§64
To Be Willing to Receive Advice.--Many lack wise management and economy. They do not weigh matters well and move cautiously. Such should not trust to their own poor judgment, but counsel with their brethren who have experience. Those who lack good judgment and economy are often unwilling to seek counsel. They generally think that they understand how to conduct their temporal business, and are unwilling to follow advice. They make bad moves and suffer in consequence. Their brethren are grieved to see them suffer, and they help them out of difficulty. Their unwise management affects the church. It takes means from the treasury of God which should have been used to advance the cause of present truth. {WM 201.2}[31]
§65
这些贫穷的弟兄若是采取谦卑的做法，乐于听从弟兄们的建议和忠告，后来陷入了困境，弟兄们就该觉得有责任去高高兴兴地帮助他们脱离困境。但他们若是选择偏行己路，依赖自己的判断，就应该丢下他们去感受自己不智行为的全部结果，并藉昂贵的经验学得“谋士众多，人便得胜”（箴24:6）。上帝的子民应该彼此顺服。他们应该彼此商议，以便一个人的缺乏可以由另一个人的充足来帮补。—《评论与通讯》1871.4.18. {WM 201.3}[32]
§66
If these poor brethren would take a humble course and be willing to be advised and counseled by their brethren, and then are brought into straitened places, their brethren should feel it their duty to cheerfully help them out of difficulty. But if they choose their own course and rely upon their judgment, they should be left to feel the full consequences of their unwise course, and learn by dear experience that in a multitude of counselors there is safety. Gods people should be subject one to another. They should counsel with each other, that the lack of one be supplied by the sufficiency of the other.--Review and Herald, April 18, 1871. {WM 201.3}[32]
§67
大多数穷人可以自助——在我们这个富足的国家，极少有确实贫穷到需要帮助的人。他们若是采取正确的做法，就能在几乎每种情况下摆脱缺乏。我对富人的呼吁乃是，要慷慨地对待你们贫穷的弟兄，并用你们的钱财推进上帝的圣工。由于不幸和疾病而变得贫穷的可敬的穷人值得你们特别的关心和帮助。“总而言之，你们都要同心，彼此体恤，相爱如弟兄，存慈怜谦卑的心”（彼前3:8）。———《证言》卷一481页. {WM 202.1}[33]
§68
Most Poor Could Help Themselves.--There are very few in our land of plenty who are really so poor as to need help. If they would pursue a right course, they could in almost every case be above want. My appeal to the rich is, Deal liberally with your poor brethren, and use your means to advance the cause of God. The worthy poor, those who are made poor by misfortune and sickness, deserve your special care and help. Finally be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another; love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous.--Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 481. {WM 202.1}[33]
§69
遵守黄金律——上帝常常兴起人来保护穷人，使之不被安置在会对他们造成损失的位置，即使这样做对他们不利。这是人对自己同胞的本分。我们因为一个人不能看出行事的结果而利用他的无知是不对的。他弟兄的本分是要亲自把问题的各方面清楚而如实地摆在他面前，免得他盲目行动，损耗他应得的资源。当人们遵守黄金律，照你们所愿意别人对你们的对待别人时，现在的许多困难就会迅速解决了。——《信函》1896. 85. {WM 202.2}[34]
§70
Observe the Golden Rule.--God often raises up someone who will shield the poor from being placed in positions that will be loss to them, even if it be given to their disadvantage. This is the duty of man toward his fellow man. To take advantage of a mans ignorance because he cannot discern the outcome of a course of action is not right. It is the duty of his brother to personally set the matter plainly and faithfully before him, in all its bearings, lest he shall act blindly, and cripple the resources justly his. When men observe the golden rule, Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you, many difficulties now existing would be quickly adjusted.--Letter 85, 1896. {WM 202.2}[34]