第4章 预表和真体中的福音
§1
四、预表和真体中的福音
§2
The Gospel in Type and Antitype*
§3
大卫所长久怀念为耶和华建造圣殿的计划，终于由所罗门聪明地执行了。七年之久，耶路撒冷住满了许多工人，他们忙碌于铺平圣殿的基地，建造巨大的堤墙，奠立宽广的根基──“凿出又大又宝贵的石头来”（王上5:17），──预备那从黎巴嫩的树林中运来的木料，并建造那宏伟壮丽的圣所。{CIHS 40.1}
§4
The long-cherished plan of David to erect a temple to the Lord, Solomon wisely carried out. For seven years Jerusalem was filled with busy workers engaged in leveling the chosen site, in building vast retaining walls, in laying broad foundations,—“great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones,”—in shaping the heavy timbers brought from the Lebanon forests, and in erecting the magnificent sanctuary.?1 Kings 5:17.{CIHS 40.1}
§5
在成千上万的工人努力从事土木工程的同时，制造圣殿内部各样物件的工作也在积极地进行，由推罗的户兰监工制造；他是“一个精巧有聪明的人，……善用金、银、铜、铁、石、木、和紫色蓝色朱红色线、与细麻、制造各物”（代下2:13-14）。{CIHS 40.2}
§6
Simultaneously with the preparation of wood and stone, to which task many thousands were bending their energies, the manufacture of the furnishings for the temple was steadily progressing under the leadership of Hiram of Tyre, “a cunning man, endued with understanding,...skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson.”?2 Chronicles 2:13, 14.{CIHS 40.2}
§7
完全按照图样
§8
Perfect According to the Patterns
§9
摩利亚山上的这座殿宇是毫无声响地建造起来的，“是用山中凿成的石头；建殿的时候，锤子、斧子、和别样铁器的响声都没有听见”（王上6:7）。其中美丽的设备──“上帝殿里的”一切器皿（代下4:16）──都是根据大卫交给他儿子的图样制成的。这些设备包括金香坛、陈设饼的桌子、灯台和灯盏，以及祭司在圣所服务时所需要的器皿和用具──“都是金的，且是纯金的”（代下4:21）。此外还有铜制的器具──燔祭坛、十二只牛所托住的巨型洗濯盆，再有一些较小的洗濯盆和许多其他器皿──“是在约但平原，疏割和撒利但中间，藉胶泥铸成的”（代下4:17）。这些用具数量充足，毫无缺少。{CIHS 40.3}
§10
Thus as the building on Mount Moriah was noiselessly upreared with “stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor ax nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building,” the beautiful fittings were?perfected according to the patterns committed by David to his son, “all the vessels that were for the house of God.”?1 Kings 6:7;?2 Chronicles 4:19. These included the altar of incense, the table of shewbread, the candlestick and lamps, with the vessels and instruments connected with the ministrations of the priests in the holy place, all “of gold, and that perfect gold.”?2 Chronicles 4:21. The brazen furniture,—the altar of burnt offering, the great laver supported by twelve oxen, the lavers of smaller size, with many other vessels,—“in the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah.”?2 Chronicles 4:17. These furnishings were provided in abundance, that there should be no lack.?{CIHS 40.3}
§11
无比壮丽的圣殿
§12
A Temple of Unrivaled Splendor
§13
所罗门和他的同人为敬拜上帝所建造的圣殿，实在是富丽堂皇、盖世无双的。它遍处镶着宝石，四面是宽广的庭院，院门也非常美丽。圣殿内部是用雕刻的香柏木和耀目的金子装饰的。这个备有刺绣的帘幔和富丽的装饰，实在可以作为上帝在地上教会的象征；历代以来，这个教会一直是根据上帝所指示的样式渐渐成形的。所用的材料也可比作“金、银、宝石，”“是按建宫的样式凿成的”（林前3:12;诗44:12）。（PK.35，36）{CIHS 41.1}
§14
Of surpassing beauty and unrivaled splendor was the palatial building which Solomon and his associates erected for God and His worship. Garnished with precious stones, surrounded by spacious courts with magnificent approaches, and lined with carved cedar and burnished gold, the temple structure, with its broidered hangings and rich furnishings, was a fit emblem of the living church of God on earth, which through the ages has been building in accordance with the divine pattern, with materials that have been likened to “gold, silver, precious stones,” “polished after the similitude of a palace.”?1 Corinthians 3:12;?Psalm 144:12.1{CIHS 41.1}
§15
这是一个非常壮丽的圣所，是按照上帝在山上所指示摩西，后来又赐给大卫的样式而建筑的。除了约柜上方的基路伯外，所罗门又另外造了两个更大的天使，站在约柜的两端，代表天使一直看护着上帝的律法，圣幕的华美与壮丽难以形容。在圣殿中与在圣幕中一样，神圣的约柜被非常严肃恭敬地抬进来，安放在两个侍立在地上高贵基路伯的翅膀下。{CIHS 41.2}
§16
A most splendid sanctuary had been made, according to the pattern showed to Moses in the mount, and afterward presented by the Lord to David. In addition to the cherubim on the top of the ark, Solomon made two other angels of larger size, standing at each end of the ark, representing the heavenly angels guarding the law of God. It is impossible to describe the beauty and splendor of this sanctuary. Into this place the sacred ark was borne with solemn reverence by the priests, and set in its place beneath the wings of the two stately cherubim that stood upon the floor.{CIHS 41.2}
§17
上帝悦纳的凭据
§18
God Tokens His Acceptance
§19
圣歌队以各种乐器伴奏，同声合唱、颂赞上帝。正当歌声和乐器声响彻圣殿的院宇、并洋溢于耶路撒冷全城时，上帝荣耀的云彩充满了那殿，正如从前充满圣幕一样。“祭司从圣所出来的时候，有云充满耶和华的殿；甚至祭司不能站立供职，因为耶和华的荣光充满了殿”（王上8:10,11）。{CIHS 42.1}
§20
The sacred choir lifted their voices in praise to God, and the melody of their voices was accompanied by all kinds of musical instruments. And while the courts of the temple resounded with praise, the cloud of God’s glory took possession of the house, as it had formerly filled the wilderness tabernacle. “And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the Lord, so that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the Lord had filled the house of the Lord.”?1 Kings 8:10, 11.{CIHS 42.1}
§21
正如地上的圣所乃是摩西照着在山上所指示他的样式建造的，所罗门的圣殿也一样，“所献的礼物和祭物，”是“作现今的一个表样；”它的两层圣所是“照着天上样式作的；”我们的大祭司基督“在圣所，就是真帐幕里，作执事；这帐幕是主所支的，不是人所支的”（来9:9;23;8:2）。（RH.1905.9.9） {CIHS 42.2}
§22
Like the earthly sanctuary built by Moses according to the pattern shown him in the mount, Solomon’s temple, with all its services, was “a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices;” its two holy places were “patterns of things in the heavens;” Christ, our great High Priest, is “a minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.” [Hebrews 8:2.]?2{CIHS 42.2}
§23
这一切表号和象征的制度，都是福音预言的缩影，其中包含着救赎的应许。（AA.14）{CIHS 42.3}
§24
The whole system of types and symbols was a compacted prophecy of the gospel, a presentation in which were bound up the promises of redemption.?3{CIHS 42.3}
§25
看不见本体
§26
The Antitype Lost Sight Of
§27
主耶稣原是整个犹太教制度的基础。其隆重的崇祀原是上帝所制订的，其目的是要向人说明，这些仪式所预表的那一位将要在预定的时间降临。（COL.34）{CIHS 42.4}
§28
The Lord Jesus was the foundation of the whole Jewish economy. Its imposing services were of divine appointment. They were designed to teach the people that at the time appointed One would come to whom those ceremonies pointed.?4{CIHS 42.4}
§29
犹太人既离弃了上帝，就看不出宗教仪式中大部分的教训。这仪式原是基督亲自制订的。其中的每一部分都是预表祂自己，而且富有活力和属灵的美。但是犹太人在他们的礼节中失去了属灵的生命，而墨守死板的形式。他们信赖祭物和礼仪本身，而不依靠这些事物所预表的主。为要弥补他们所失去的灵意，祭司和拉比们就增加了自造的教条。这些教条愈来愈严紧，则所显示上帝的爱却愈见减少。（DA.29）{CIHS 42.5}
§30
As they departed from God, the Jews in a great degree lost sight of the teaching of the ritual service. That service had been instituted by Christ Himself. In every part it was a symbol of Him; and it had been full of vitality and spiritual beauty. But the Jews lost the spiritual life from their ceremonies, and clung to the dead forms. They trusted to the sacrifices and ordinances themselves, instead of resting upon Him to whom they pointed. In order to supply the place of that which they had lost, thepriests and rabbis multiplied requirements of their own; and the more rigid they grew, the less of the love of God was manifested.?5?{CIHS 42.5}
§31
圣殿的崇祀丧失了意义
§32
The Temple Services Lost Their Significance
§33
基督乃是圣殿的根基和生命。殿中的礼节都是上帝儿子牺牲的预表。上帝设立祭司的职分，无非是要预指基督作中保的身份和工作。献祭敬拜的整个计划，是要预表救主受死救世。所以这种种献祭的礼节，一到历代以来所指的大事成就之后，就没有功效了。{CIHS 43.1}
§34
Christ was the foundation and life of the temple. Its services were typical of the sacrifice of the Son of God. The priesthood was established to represent the mediatorial character and work of Christ. The entire plan of sacrificial worship was a foreshadowing of the Saviours death to redeem the world. There would be no efficacy in these offerings when the great event toward which they had pointed for ages was consummated.{CIHS 43.1}
§35
这整个献祭的制度既是预表基督，所以离了祂就没有价值了。当犹太人把基督治死，肯定地弃绝祂时，就是弃绝了圣殿及其中一切礼拜的实意，圣殿就不成其为圣，并注定要毁灭了。从那日起，祭物和献祭的仪式都没有意义了；都像该隐的祭物一样，并不表示信靠救主的心。犹太人杀害基督，简直就是拆毁自己的圣殿。基督被钉断气时，圣殿内层的幔子从上到下裂为两半，表明那最后的大祭物已经献上，从此献祭的制度就永远终止了。{CIHS 43.2}
§36
Since the whole ritual economy was symbolical of Christ, it had no value apart from Him. When the Jews sealed their rejection of Christ by delivering Him to death, they rejected all that gave significance to the temple and its services. Its sacredness had departed. It was doomed to destruction. From that day sacrificial offerings and the service connected with them were meaningless. Like the offering of Cain, they did not express faith in the Saviour. In putting Christ to death, the Jews virtually destroyed their temple. When Christ was crucified, the inner veil of the temple was rent in twain from top to bottom, signifying that the great final sacrifice had been made, and that the system of sacrificial offerings was forever at an end.{CIHS 43.2}
§37
“我三日内要再建立起来。”在救主死的时候，黑暗的势力似乎得势，并欢祝胜利。但耶稣从约瑟裂开的坟墓出来，战胜了死亡。祂“将一切执政的掌权的掳来，显明给众人看，就仗着十字架夸胜”（西2:15）。因着祂的死和复活，基督就成了“真帐幕”的执事。“这帐幕是主所支的，不是人所支的”(来8:2）。犹太人的会幕，是人手所支搭的；犹太人的圣殿，也是人手所建造的。但那天上的圣所──地上的圣所不过是它的影儿——却不是人的工程所建造。“看哪！那名称为……苗裔的，祂要……建造耶和华的殿，……并担负尊荣，坐在位上掌王权，又必在位上作祭司”（亚6:12、13）。?{CIHS 43.3}
§38
“In three days I will raise it up.” In the Saviour’s death the powers of darkness seemed to prevail, and they exulted in their victory. But from the rent sepulcher of Joseph, Jesus came forth a conqueror. “Having spoiled principalities and powers, He made a show of them openly, triumphing over them.”?Colossians 2:15. By virtue of His death and resurrection He became the minister of the “true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.”?Hebrews 8:2. Men reared the Jewish tabernacle; men builded the Jewish temple; but the sanctuary above, of which the earthly was a type, was built by no human architect. “Behold the Man whose name is The Branch;...He shall build the?temple of the Lord; and He shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon His throne; and He shall be a priest upon His throne.”Zechariah 6:12, 13.?{CIHS 43.3}
§39
视线转移到真祭物
§40
Eyes Turned to the True Sacrifice
§41
那指着基督的献祭礼节已经废去，人的视线却被转移到那为世人之罪而献的真祭物了。地上祭司的职任已不存在。我们惟有仰望“新约的中保耶稣，以及所洒的血，这血所说的比亚伯的血所说的更美。”“头一层帐幕仍存的时候，进入至圣所的路还未显明。……但现在基督已经来到，作了将来美事的大祭司，经过那更大更全备的帐幕，不是人手所造，……乃用自己的血，只一次进入圣所，成了永远赎罪的事”(来12:24；9:8-12）。{CIHS 44.1}
§42
The sacrificial service that had pointed to Christ passed away; but the eyes of men were turned to the true sacrifice for the sins of the world. The earthly priesthood ceased; but we look to Jesus, the minister of the new covenant, and “to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel.” “The way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing:...but Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, ... by His own blood He entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.”?Hebrews 12:24;9:8-12.{CIHS 44.1}
§43
“凡靠着祂进到上帝面前的人，祂都能拯救到底，因为祂是长远活着，替他们祈求”（来7:25）。虽然赎罪的事，要从地上的圣殿移到天上的圣殿，虽然天上的圣所和我们的大祭司不是肉眼所能见的，但信徒们决不致因此受什么损失。他们也不致因为救主不在，就感觉与天上的交通有什么断绝，或在能力方面有什么减少。耶稣虽在天上的圣所中供职，但同时祂却藉着祂的灵仍在为祂地上的教会服务。（DA165，166）{CIHS 44.2}
§44
“Wherefore He is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him, seeing He ever liveth to make intercession for them.”?Hebrews 7:25. Though the ministration was to be removed from the earthly to the heavenly temple; though the sanctuary and our great high priest would be invisible to human sight, yet the disciples were to suffer no loss thereby. They would realize no break in their communion, and no diminution of power because of the Saviour’s absence. While Jesus ministers in the sanctuary above, He is still by His Spirit the minister of the church on earth.?6{CIHS 44.2}
§45
我们的大祭司和辩护者
§46
Our High Priest, Our Advocate
§47
“基督并不是进了人手所造的圣所（这不过是真圣所的影像），乃是进了天堂，如今为我们显在上帝面前。也不是多次将自己献上，像那大祭司每年带着牛羊的血进入圣所（牛羊的血原文作不是自己的血）。如果这样，祂从创世以来，就必多次受苦了。但如今在这末世显现一次，把自己献为祭，好除掉罪”（来9:24-26）。“但基督献了一次永远的赎罪祭，就在上帝的右边坐下了”（来10:12）。基督一次进入圣所，为我们成就了永远的救赎。“凡靠着祂进到上帝面前的人，祂都能拯救到底。因为祂是长远活着，替他们祈求”（来7:25）。祂不仅有资格作人类的代表，而且为他们辩护，使每一个人只要愿意都可以说：我在天庭有一位朋友，一位大祭司，祂体恤我的软弱。（RH.1900.6.12）{CIHS 44.3}
§48
“Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; nor yet that He should offer Himself often as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with the blood of others; for then must He often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath He appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice?of Himself.” [Hebrews 9:24-26.] “This man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down on the right hand of God.” [Hebrews 10:12.] Christ entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. “Wherefore He is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him, seeing He ever liveth to make intercession for them.” [Hebrews 7:25.] He has qualified Himself to be not only man’s representative, but his advocate, so that every soul, if he will, may say, I have a Friend at court, a High Priest who is touched with the feeling of my infirmities.?7?{CIHS 44.3}
§49
天上的圣所乃是基督为人类服务的中心。它对于地上的每一个生灵都有关系。它显明了救赎的计划，使我们可以一直展望到末日，又显明公义与罪恶之争的最后胜利。这实在是极其重要的。人人都应当彻底查明这些极其重要的题目，并能以回答那些问他们心中盼望之缘由的人。（RH.1905.9.9）{CIHS 45.1}
§50
The sanctuary in heaven is the very center of Christ’s work in behalf of men. It concerns every soul living upon the earth. It opens to view the plan of redemption, bringing us down to the very close of time, and revealing the triumphant issue of the contest between righteousness and sin. It is of the utmost importance that all should thoroughly investigate these subjects, and be able to give to every one that asketh them a reason for the hope that is in them.?8{CIHS 45.1}
§51
思考题Study Questions1. 所罗门的圣殿是以何种独特的方式建造的？
§52
1. In what unique way was Solomon’s temple constructed? (40)
§53
2. 这圣殿象征什么？
§54
2. Of what was the temple an emblem? (41)
§55
3. 当圣殿落成时，上帝如何表示祂的悦纳？
§56
3. How did God show His approval of the temple when it was completed? (42)
§57
4. 犹太的整个献祭制度是围绕谁形成的？
§58
4. Around whom was the entire Jewish economy formed? (42)
§59
5. 当犹太人丧失了献祭仪式的属灵生命之后，他们做了什么？
§60
5. When the Jews lost the spiritual life of their ceremonies, what did they do? (42, 43)
§61
6. 圣殿何时并且如何丧失了它的意义和圣洁？
§62
6. When and how did the temple lose its significance and sacredness? (43)
§63
7. 那么人当在何处向谁寻求使其得蒙拯救的重要服务？
§64
7. To what point and to whom was man then to look for a ministry significant to his salvation? (44)
§65
8. 耶稣既是人类的“代表”又是“辩护者”。这两种职能有什么不同？
§66
8. Jesus is man’s “representative” as well as his “advocate.” What is the difference between these two functions? (44, 45)