第2章 祭祀制度中的基督
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二、祭祀制度中的基督
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Christ in the Sacrificial System*
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我们始祖的罪使罪恶和忧患进入世界。若没有上帝的良善和慈悲，人类就必永陷于绝望的深渊中了。(PP.61){CIHS 19.1}
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The sin of our first parents brought guilt and sorrow upon the world, and had it not been for the goodness and mercy of God, would have plunged the race into hopeless despair.1{CIHS 19.1}
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人类的堕落使全天庭充满了悲伤。上帝所创造的世界既被罪的咒诅所摧残，则其上的居民就注定要遭受困苦和死亡了。违犯律法的人似乎没有什么逃脱的路了。……{CIHS 19.2}
§6
The fall of man filled all heaven with sorrow. The world that God had made was blighted with the curse of sin and inhabited by beings doomed to misery and death. There appeared no escape for those who had transgressed the law....{CIHS 19.2}
§7
但是上帝本着祂的爱已经拟定一个使人类得蒙救赎的计划。违犯上帝的律法原要以犯法者的生命作为抵偿。在全宇宙中，只有一位能代替人类来满足这律法的要求。上帝的律法既与上帝自己同样神圣，所以只有那与上帝同等的一位才能为违犯律法的人类赎罪。(PP.63){CIHS 19.3}
§8
But divine love had conceived a plan whereby man might be redeemed. The broken law of God demanded the life of the sinner. In all the universe there was but one who could, in behalf of man, satisfy its claims. Since the divine law is as sacred as God Himself, only one equal with God could make atonement for its transgression.2{CIHS 19.3}
§9
第一次向人类所发救赎的宣告是在伊甸园对撒但的判辞中传出来的。耶和华说：“我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇，你的后裔和女人的后裔，也彼此为仇；女人的后裔要伤你的头，你要伤他的脚跟”（创3:15）。这判辞在我们始祖听来乃是一个应许。其中虽然预先说明世人与撒但之间的战争，但也声明这大仇敌的势力最后必被打破。……他们虽然必须在他们大有能力的仇敌手中受苦，但仍能指望最后的胜利。{CIHS 19.4}
§10
To man the first intimation of redemption was communicated in the sentence pronounced upon Satan in the garden. The Lord declared, “I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.”?Genesis 3:15. This sentence, uttered in the hearing of our first parents, was to them a promise. While it foretold war between man and Satan, it declared that the power of the great adversary would finally be broken.... Though they must suffer from the power of their mighty foe, they could look forward to final victory.3{CIHS 19.4}
§11
天上的使者向我们的始祖更充分地说明为拯救他们所设定的计划。亚当和他的伴侣得到保证，虽然他们犯了大罪，但并没有被抛弃在撒但的控制之下。上帝的儿子愿意舍弃自己的生命，为他们的罪作挽回祭。上帝要再赐给他们一段试验的时期，而且藉着悔改和信靠基督，使他们可以再成为上帝的儿女。(PP.65,66){CIHS 20.1}
§12
Heavenly angels more fully opened to our first parents the plan that had been devised for their salvation. Adam and his companion were assured that notwithstanding their great sin, they were not to be abandoned to the control of Satan. The Son of God had offered to atone, with His own life, for their transgression. A period of probation would be granted them, and through repentance, and faith in Christ, they might again become the children of God.{CIHS 20.1}
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上帝律法的神圣性质
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The Sacred Character of God’s Law
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因亚当夏娃犯罪而必须付出的牺牲使他们看出上帝律法的神圣性质。他们也看出的罪恶的真相及其严重的后果。这是他们以前所没有看到的。{CIHS 20.2}
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The sacrifice demanded by their transgression, revealed to Adam and Eve the sacred character of the law of God; and they saw, as they had never seen before, the guilt of sin, and its dire results.4{CIHS 20.2}
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上帝的律法在人类受造之前就已经存在了。天使都受这律法的管束。撒但之所以堕落，乃是因为他违背了上帝政权的原则。在亚当夏娃受造之后，上帝便向他们传讲祂的律法。那时律法不是写下来的，而是耶和华向他们宣讲的。…….{CIHS 20.3}
§18
The law of God existed before man was created. The angels were governed by it. Satan fell because he transgressed the principles of God’s government. After Adam and Eve were created, God made known to them His law. It was not then written, but was rehearsed to them by Jehovah....{CIHS 20.3}
§19
在亚当犯罪堕落之后，上帝的律法并未作丝毫的删改。十条诫命的原则在人类堕落之前早已存在，而且它的性质是适合于人类圣洁情况的。(1SP.261){CIHS 20.4}
§20
After Adam’s sin and fall, nothing was taken from the law of God. The principles of the Ten Commandments existed before the fall, and were of a character suited to the condition of a holy order of beings.5{CIHS 20.4}
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这些原则在人堕落以后更加清楚地向人阐明和解释，以适应人堕落的智力状况，因为人被罪弄瞎了心眼。(ST.1875.4.15){CIHS 20.5}
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The principles were more explicitly stated to man after the fall, and worded to meet the case of fallen intelligences. This was necessary in consequence of the minds of men being blinded by transgression.6{CIHS 20.5}
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那时需要奉献祭牲的制度也建立了，为要使堕落的人类常常记起那蛇使夏娃变成不信的是什么，及记住违命的刑罚便是死亡。因违背上帝的律法，致使基督不得不作牺牲而死，借此一面为人类打开一条逃脱刑罚的出路，而同时仍得以保持对上帝律法的尊重。献祭的制度乃是教训人鉴于自己堕落的状态而谦虚自卑，并导使悔改、及借着那应许的救赎主而专一信靠上帝赦免过去违背祂律法的罪。?(1SP.261,262){CIHS 20.6}
§24
A system was then established requiring the sacrificing of beasts, to keep before fallen man that which the serpent made Eve disbelieve, that the penalty of disobedience is death. The transgression of God’s law made it necessary for Christ to die a sacrifice, and thus make a way possible for man to escape the penalty, and yet the honor of God’s law be preserved. The system of sacrifices was to teach man humility, in view of his fallen condition, and lead him to repentance, and to trust in God alone,?through the promised Redeemer, for pardon for past transgression of His law.7?{CIHS 20.6}
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献祭的制度是基督所设立的，传给亚当，预表要来的救主。(ST.1880.6.15){CIHS 21.1}
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The very system of sacrifices was devised by Christ, and given to Adam as typifying a Saviour to come.8{CIHS 21.1}
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人类第一次献祭
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Man Offers His First Sacrifice
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第一次的献祭对于亚当确是一个最痛苦的礼节。他必须举手杀害那惟独上帝所能赐予的性命。这是他第一次看见死亡，而且他知道如果他顺服了上帝，人或牲畜就不必死了。当他宰杀那无辜的祭牲时，他想起他的罪必使上帝无瑕疵的羔羊流血，不禁心中战栗不已。这个景象使他更深刻更鲜明地感到他所犯的罪是多么大，甚至除了上帝的爱子舍命流血之外，别无救赎之方。而且他一想起上帝愿意付出这样的赎价来拯救犯罪的人，就对于祂无限的良善大为惊奇。于是有一颗希望的明星照亮那可怕的将来，并使其中消沉的空气稍有减退。(PP.68){CIHS 21.2}
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To Adam, the offering of the first sacrifice was a most painful ceremony. His hand must be raised to take life, which only God could give. It was the first time he had ever witnessed death, and he knew that had he been obedient to God, there would have been no death of man or beast. As he slew the innocent victim, he trembled at the thought that his sin must shed the blood of the spotless Lamb of God. This scene gave him a deeper and more vivid sense of the greatness of his transgression, which nothing but the death of God’s dear Son could expiate. And he marveled at the infinite goodness that would give such a ransom to save the guilty. A star of hope illumined the dark and terrible future and relieved it of its utter desolation.9{CIHS 21.2}
§31
亚当奉命教导他的后裔学习敬畏主，并且藉他的榜样和谦卑的顺从教导他们高度重视那预表一位要来的救主的供物。亚当谨慎地珍存了上帝给他的启示，并且将之传给了他的子子孙孙。(1SP.59){CIHS 21.3}
§32
Adam was commanded to teach his descendants the fear of the Lord, and, by his example and humble obedience, teach them to highly regard the offerings which typified a Saviour to come. Adam carefully treasured what God had revealed to him, and handed it down by word of mouth to his children and children’s children.10{CIHS 21.3}
§33
在基路伯守护的乐园门口有上帝的荣耀显现。最初敬拜的人都到这里来朝见上帝。他们在这里建筑祭坛，奉献祭物。(PP.83,84){CIHS 21.4}
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At the cherubim-guarded gate of Paradise the glory of God was revealed, and hither came the first worshipers. Here their altars were reared, and their offerings presented.11{CIHS 21.4}
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在每一座祭坛上所献的祭物，都让人看见救赎之主。随着烟云的上腾，每一颗悔改的心向上帝祈求悦纳他们的祭物，表达了他们对将来救主的信心。(RH.1886.3.2){CIHS 21.5}
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In the sacrificial offering on every altar was seen a Redeemer. With the cloud of incense arose from every contrite heart the prayer that God would accept their offerings as showing faith in the coming Saviour.12{CIHS 21.5}
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上帝所交给亚当的献祭制度也被他的子孙曲解了。迷信，拜偶像，残酷，和淫乱的事，败坏了上帝所指定的简单而意义深长的礼节。以色列民经过长期与拜偶像之人的来往，曾把许多邪教的风俗混杂在他们的敬拜之中；所以耶和华在西奈山，把有关献祭礼节的明确教训赐给他们。(PP.364)?{CIHS 21.6}
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The sacrificial system, committed to Adam, was...perverted by his descendants. Superstition, idolatry, cruelty, and licentiousness corrupted the simple and significant service that God had appointed. Through long intercourse with idolaters, the?people of Israel had mingled many heathen customs with their worship; therefore the Lord gave them at Sinai definite instruction concerning the sacrificial service.?13?{CIHS 21.6}
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思考题Study Questions
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1. 为何只有那与上帝同等的一位，才能为违犯上帝律法的人类赎罪?
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1. Why could only one equal with God make atonement for transgression of divine law? (19)
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2. 创3:15的宣判对撒但意味着什么？对亚当和夏娃又意味着什么?
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2. What meaning did the declaration of?Genesis 3:15?have for Satan? For Adam and Eve? (19)
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3. 为何提供一段试验时期?
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3. Why was a period of probation granted? (20)
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4. 献祭制度的目的是什么?
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4. What were the purposes of the system of sacrifices? (20, 21)
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5. 为什么亚当第一次的献祭成为一个“痛苦的礼节”?
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5. For what reasons was the first sacrifice by Adam a “painful ceremony”? (21)
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6. 亚当和夏娃在何处设立了他们的第一座祭坛？这重要吗？
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6. Where did Adam and Eve set up their first altars? Is this significant? (21)