第22章 实业改革
§1
第22章 实业改革
§2
Chap. 22—Industrial Reform
§3
我们已经创立当作教育工作一部分的实业，不要因若干困难发生而放弃了。青年人在求学时代，当有机会学习使用工具。在一些有耐心，仁慈，善于教导的，有经验的工人及木匠之指导下，学生们当在学校的场地上自行建筑，及作必要的修葺，这样就可从实际的教训上，学会怎样用经济的方法来建筑。我们也当训练学生们从事于印刷有关之各项工作，例如，排字，印刷，钉书，以及制造帐棚，与其它有用的工作。应当栽种小果树，培植蔬菜及花草，这种工作也可叫女学生们到户外去作。这样，在运用头脑，骨骼，及肌肉之时，他们也可获得一种实际生活的知识。{6T176.1}[1]
§4
Because difficulties arise, we are not to drop the industries that have been taken hold of as branches of education. While attending school the youth should have an opportunity for learning the use of tools. Under the guidance of experienced workmen, carpenters who are apt to teach, patient, and kind, the students themselves should erect buildings on the school grounds and make needed improvements, thus by practical lessons learning how to build economically. The students should also be trained to manage all the different kinds of work connected with printing, such as typesetting, presswork, and book binding, together with tentmaking and other useful lines of work. Small fruits should be planted, and vegetables and flowers cultivated, and this work the lady students may be called out of doors to do. Thus, while exercising brain, bone, and muscle, they will also be gaining a knowledge of practical life.?{6T 176.1}[1]
§5
在这些方面的教养，可使我们的青年到外国传真理之时成为有用的人才。那时他们可不必倚赖当地的人去替他们烧饭，缝衣，及建筑，也不必花钱从远道请人来设计校舍，礼拜堂及居室。布道士们若能教导无经验之人如何作工，用最好的方法，得最好的成绩，就必在当地的人中有更大的感化力。他们这样行，就能显明布道士也可以作为实业教育家，并且这种教导，在那些经济有限的地方，尤其受人重视。维持这样的布道士，所需的款项是很小的，因为他们自读书以来，就已在实际的劳作上，对于体力有最好的使用；他们在这方面所获的一切本事，使他们无论何往都居于优势。在实业部门工作的学生，不论是户内工作，或户外耕地，或其它工作，都当给他们有时间和机会，察觉他们所学的实际、属灵的教训是与工作有关的。在所有实际的生活义务上，应当与圣经及自然界的教训来作为比较。{6T176.2}[2]
§6
Culture on all these points will make our youth useful in carrying the truth to foreign countries. They will not then have to depend upon the people among whom they are living to cook and sew and build for them, nor will it be necessary to spend money to transport men thousands of miles to plan schoolhouses, meetinghouses, and cottages. Missionaries will be much more influential among the people if they are able to teach the inexperienced how to labor according to the best methods and to produce the best results. They will thus be able to demonstrate that missionaries can become industrial educators, and this kind of instruction will be appreciated especially where means are limited. A much smaller fund will be required to sustain such missionaries, because, combined with their studies, they have put to the very best use their physical powers in practical labor; and?wherever they may go all they have gained in this line will give them vantage ground. Students in the industrial departments, whether they are employed in domestic work, in cultivating the ground, or in other ways, should have time and opportunity given them to tell the practical, spiritual lessons they have learned in connection with the work. In all the practical duties of life, comparisons should be made with the teachings of nature and of the Bible.?{6T 176.2}[2]
§7
在有些地方我们把学校搬离城市，迁往乡间。我们迁移的理由，对于别处学校亦属适用。如果一个学校已经负债很深，再想花钱去添盖房屋，这是与上帝的计划不合的。如果我们把在较大的学校盖很贵的建筑物上所花的钱，投资在购买地皮使学生能领受正当的教育之处，许多的学生现今就不必在债务日增的重担之下挣扎奋斗，同时这些机构的工作也必有更发达的情形了。若曾遵循了这种路线，有些学生或会发怨言，父母们也会提出许多的反对；但是学生们却能因此得到全面的教育，不但使他们在各种行业上能作切实的工作，也能在大地更新之日，于主的农场上有一显身手的机会。{6T177.1}[3]
§8
The reasons that have led us in a few places to turn away from cities and locate our schools in the country, hold good with the schools in other places. To expend money in additional buildings when a school is already deeply in debt is not in accordance with God’s plan. Had the money which our larger schools have used in expensive buildings been invested in procuring land where students could receive a proper education, so large a number of students would not now be struggling under the weight of increasing debt, and the work of these institutions would be in a more prosperous condition. Had this course been followed, there would have been some grumbling from students, and many objections would have been raised by parents; but the students would have secured an all-round education, which would have prepared them, not only for practical work in various trades, but for a place on the Lord’s farm in the earth made new.?{6T 177.1}[3]
§9
我们所有的学校如果一贯热心提倡农业方面的工作，现今的情形就必大不相同了。不会有这么大的失望，许多反对的势力可以克服，在经济方面也必有所改善。对于学生们，在劳动方面可得平衡；因为人体的各部机构负担既然均衡，就使体力及智力得更大的发展。然而主所乐意赐与我们的教训，一向未予认真实践，以致障碍至今尚未克服。{6T177.2}[4]
§10
Had all our schools encouraged work in agricultural lines, they would now have an altogether different showing. There would not be so great discouragements. Opposing influences would have been overcome; financial conditions would have changed. With the students, labor would have been equalized; and as all the human machinery was proportionately taxed, greater physical and mental strength would have been developed. But?the instruction which the Lord has been pleased to give has been taken hold of so feebly that obstacles have not been overcome.?{6T 177.2}[4]
§11
劳动可给人最好的教育。人在劳动这方面，推动得这样迟缓而彷徨无定，真是一种懦弱的表现。且看大自然。在她伟大的范畴之内，足可建立许多学校，且能开发地皮，予以耕种。这种工作在教育上乃是必要的，最有利于属灵的进步；因为自然的声音就是基督的声音，在爱心，能力，顺服，及恒心上，教授我们数不尽的教训。有些人不重视农业的价值。这些人不可设计本会学校的事，因为他们会阻挡各事在正道上前进。他们的影响在以往之日，一直是一种障碍。{6T178.1}[5]
§12
It reveals cowardice to move so slowly and uncertainly in the labor line—that line which will give the very best kind of education. Look at nature. There is room within her vast boundaries for schools to be established where grounds can be cleared and land cultivated. This work is essential to the education most favorable to spiritual advancement; for nature’s voice is the voice of Christ, teaching us innumerable lessons of love and power and submission and perseverance. Some do not appreciate the value of agricultural work. These should not plan for our schools, for they will hold everything from advancing in right lines. In the past their influence has been a hindrance.?{6T 178.1}[5]
§13
如果把地耕种了，在上帝赐福之下，就必足供我们的需要。我们不当因为这些眼前的事物看来仿佛是失败，便感沮丧，也不可因为迟延缓慢，就觉灰心。我们应当满怀快乐，希望，及感恩的精神去耕种，相信大地怀中蕴藏着丰富的资源，给忠心的工人去收获，其宝藏比金银更富足。吝啬之徒对大地所作的指责乃是假见证。我们若是正当而聪明地耕种，大地必献其宝物来厚惠群生。大山和丘陵要改变，地正如衣服渐渐旧了；但是上帝的福气，在旷野为其子民摆设筵席，却是永不止息的。{6T178.2}[6]
§14
If the land is cultivated, it will, with the blessing of God, supply our necessities. We are not to be discouraged about temporal things because of apparent failures, nor should we be disheartened by delay. We should work the soil cheerfully, hopefully, gratefully, believing that the earth holds in her bosom rich stores for the faithful worker to garner, stores richer than gold or silver. The niggardliness laid to her charge is false witness. With proper, intelligent cultivation the earth will yield its treasures for the benefit of man. The mountains and hills are changing; the earth is waxing old like a garment; but the blessing of God, which spreads a table for His people in the wilderness, will never cease.?{6T 178.2}[6]
§15
严峻的时代已临近我们，许多家庭十分需要从城市搬到乡下去，以致真理可传到小路和大道上。这是大大有赖乎我们按主的话来计划，并恒心努力实行出来。多倚靠献身服务及恒心毅力，少倚靠天才及书本学识。上帝所赐人的一切才干及本事，若不施用，就没有价值了。{6T178.3}[7]
§16
Serious times are before us, and there is great need for families to get out of the cities into the country, that the truth may be carried into the byways as well as the highways of the earth. Much depends upon laying our plans according to the word of the Lord and with persevering energy carrying them out. More depends upon consecrated?activity and perseverance than upon genius and book learning. All the talents and ability given to human agents, if unused, are of little value.?{6T 178.3}[7]
§17
我们回到更简单的生活方式，孩童及青少年必更感兴趣。在园地里作工，可将那抽象功课所引起的疲倦生活，作一番合意的改换，他们年轻的思想对此是决不应该受限制的。这对于在书本功课上精疲力尽，记忆困难，神经衰弱的儿童，是尤其有价值的。在研究自然界上，他可得到健康及快乐；所得的各种印象也不易泯灭，因为会与眼前不断呈现的事物联系起来。{6T179.1}[8]
§18
A return to simpler methods will be appreciated by the children and youth. Work in the garden and field will be an agreeable change from the wearisome routine of abstract lessons, to which their young minds should never be confined. To the nervous child, who finds lessons from books exhausting and hard to remember, it will be especially valuable. There is health and happiness for him in the study of nature; and the impressions made will not fade out of his mind, for they will be associated with objects that are continually before his eyes.?{6T 179.1}[8]
§19
耕种是最好的工作之一，使肌肉活动，脑筋休息。农业知识应成为我们学校的基本教育。这是应当实施的初步工作。我们的学校，不可倚靠外来的产品，供应健康最必需的水果，粮食和蔬菜。我们的青年需要砍树种地等方面的教育，象在文化方面的一样。应当分派各教师去视察许多学生的工作，也当与他们一同作工。这样，教师们也可学会负责尽职象担担子一样。出色的学生也当在此方面受训练，学习负责及与教师们同工。大家当互相商量，采用最好的方法去推进工作。{6T179.2}[9]
§20
Working the soil is one of the best kinds of employment, calling the muscles into action and resting the mind. Study in agricultural lines should be the A, B, and C of the education given in our schools. This is the very first work that should be entered upon. Our schools should not depend upon imported produce, for grain and vegetables, and the fruits so essential to health. Our youth need an education in felling trees and tilling the soil as well as in literary lines. Different teachers should be appointed to oversee a number of students in their work and should work with them. Thus the teachers themselves will learn to carry responsibilities as burden bearers. Proper students also should in this way be educated to bear responsibilities and to be laborers together with the teachers. All should counsel together as to the very best methods of carrying on the work.?{6T 179.2}[9]
§21
现在时间太短促了，无法完成在以往的世代中本应完成的工作。但是我们在这末后的日子仍然有大量的工作可做，来纠正青少年的教育中存在的弊病。而且因为时间短促，我们就当恳切、热诚地做工，向年轻人提供一种与我们的信仰一致的教育。我们是改革者。我们渴望自己的儿女求学以获得最佳成效。为了达到这个目的，应当使他们参加劳动，使他们的身体得到锻炼。每日进行有系统有规划的劳动应成为青少年教育的一部分，即使在这末期也当如此。如此行现在可以有许多收获。在遵行这个计划时，学生会体验到精神的活跃和思想的活力，在一定期间内，能比单单读书完成更多的脑力劳动。这样，他们离开学校时就能有健全的体格，并有力量和勇气，在上帝可能安排他们从事的任何岗位上坚韧不懈地工作。{6T179.3}[10]
§22
Time is too short now to accomplish that which might have been done in past generations. But even in these last days we can do much to correct the existing evils in the education of youth. And because time is short, we?should be in earnest and work zealously to give the young an education consistent with our faith. We are reformers. We desire that our children should study to the best advantage. In order to do this, employment should be given them which will call into exercise the muscles. Daily, systematic labor should constitute a part of the education of youth even at this late period. Much can now be gained in this way. In following this plan the students will realize elasticity of spirit and vigor of thought, and in a given time can accomplish more mental labor than they could by study alone. And thus they can leave school with constitutions unimpaired and with strength and courage to persevere in any position where the providence of God may place them.?{6T 179.3}[10]
§23
那能训练双手使之有用及教育青年分担生活责任的活动，可使体力增强并发展各部功能。大家应当找一些于己有益于人有助的事情去做。上帝指定作工是一种福气，只有殷勤的工人，才可得人生的真正光荣与快乐。{6T180.1}[11]
§24
The exercise that teaches the hand to be useful and trains the young to bear their share of life’s burdens, gives physical strength and develops every faculty. All should find something to do that will be beneficial to themselves and helpful to others. God appointed work as a blessing, and only the diligent worker finds the true glory and joy of life.?{6T 180.1}[11]
§25
如果要维持健康及精力，头脑与肌肉便应作均衡的负担。然后青年人才能在研究上帝的道上得健全的教训及平衡的神经。他们会得到有益身心的思想，并能保守圣道所带给他的宝物。他们会消化圣经的真理，结果便有脑力分辨何为真理。于是，一有机会，有人问他们心中盼望的缘由，他们就能以温柔敬畏的心回答各人。{6T180.2}[12]
§26
Brain and muscle must be taxed proportionately if health and vigor are to be maintained. The youth can then bring to the study of the word of God healthy perception and well-balanced nerves. They will have wholesome thoughts and can retain the precious things that are brought from the word. They will digest its truths and as a result will have brain power to discern what is truth. Then, as occasion demands, they can give to every man that asks a reason of the hope that is in them with meekness and fear.?{6T 180.2}[12]