第115章 健康烹饪法
§1
第115章 健康烹饪法
§2
Chap.115 - Healthful Cookery
§3
在过去的七个月中，我们在家的时间只有约四周。在我们从爱荷华州到缅因州的旅行中，我们曾坐在许多不同的餐桌旁。我们所访问的一些人很好地实行了他们所拥有的亮光。一些人虽有同样的机会学习过健康良好的生活，在改良上却几乎还没有踏出一步。他们会说自己不知道怎样用这种新办法烹饪。但他们在烹饪的事上是无可推诿的；因为在《如何生活》那本书中有许多极好的食谱，而且这本书是人人都能得到的。我不说那本书中所教导的烹饪法是完美的。我不久可能会提供一本在某些方面更合我心意的小书。但《如何生活》所教导的烹饪法比旅客们经常见到的饮食，甚至一些安息日复临信徒的饮食要好得多。{1T 680.2}[1]
§4
During the last seven months we have been at home but about four weeks. In our travels we have sat at many different tables, from Iowa to Maine. Some whom we have visited live up to the best light they have. Others, who have the same opportunities of learning to live healthfully and well, have hardly taken the first steps in reform. They will tell you that they do not know how to cook in this new way. But they are without excuse in this matter of cooking; for in the work, How to Live, are many excellent recipes, and this work is within the reach of all. I do not say that the system of cookery taught in that book is perfect. I may soon furnish a small work more to my mind in some respects. But How to Live teaches cookery almost infinitely in advance of what the traveler will often meet, even among some Seventh-day Adventists. {1T 680.2}[1]
§5
许多人没有感觉到这是一个本分的问题，因此他们并不设法适当地预备饮食。可以用一种简单、健康而且容易的方式预备适当的饮食，而不必使用猪油、黄油或肉食。烹饪的技巧必须与简朴相结合。要这么做，妇女必须学习，然后耐心地简化她们学来要实践的。许多人的难处在于不愿意麻烦去学习这个。我对这样的人说：时候到了，你们要唤醒自己潜藏的精力，通过阅读增长知识。学习如何用简单，而又能使食物最美味可口且有益健康的方法来烹饪。{1T 681.1}[2]
§6
Many do not feel that this is a matter of duty, hence they do not try to prepare food properly. This can be done in a simple, healthful, and easy manner, without the use of lard, butter, or flesh meats. Skill must be united with simplicity. To do this, women must read, and then patiently reduce what they read to practice. Many are suffering because they will not take the trouble to do this. I say to such: It is time for you to rouse your dormant energies and read up. Learn how to cook with simplicity, and yet in a manner to secure the most palatable and healthful food.{1T 681.1}[2]
§7
单为满足口味或迎合食欲而去烹饪，这是不对的。可是谁也不应以为菲薄的饮食就是对的。现今许多人衰弱多病，需要丰富、滋养和妥善烹饪的饮食。我们经常发现全麦面包又重又酸而且没烤透。这是因为缺乏学习的兴趣，也不愿尽烹饪的重要本分。有时我们看到有小松糕或软饼干，干缩没有烤硬的，以其它类似的糕点。于是厨师就会告诉你他们按旧式的烹饪法能做得很好，但是，说实话，他们的家人不喜欢全麦面包；这样生活他们会饿死的。{1T 681.2}[3]
§8
Because it is wrong to cook merely to please the taste, or to suit the appetite, no one should entertain the idea that an impoverished diet is right. Many are debilitated with disease, and need a nourishing, plentiful, well-cooked diet. We frequently find graham bread heavy, sour, and but partially baked. This is for want of interest to learn, and care to perform, the important duty of cook. Sometimes we find gem cakes, or soft biscuit, dried, not baked, and other things after the same order. And then cooks will tell you they can do very well in the old style of cooking, but, to tell the truth, their families do not like graham bread; that they would starve to live in this way.{1T 681.2}[3]
§9
我对自己说过：我对此一点儿不感到惊讶。正是你们预备食物的方式使它不好吃的。吃这样的食物肯定会使人消化不良的。这些拙劣的厨师和那些不得不吃他们所烹饪的食物的人，会严肃地告诉你健康改良不适合他们。胃没有能力把劣等厚重的酸面包转变成有益的东西；但这种劣等的面包却会把一个健康的胃转变成一个有病的胃。那些吃这种食物的人知道自己的力量正日渐衰弱。这难道没有起因吗？这些人中有些称自己是健康改良者，但他们不是。他们不知道如何烹饪。他们预备糕饼、马铃薯和全麦面包，但千篇一律，很少有变化，身体系统也没有得到力量。他们似乎以为费心研究怎样预备健康可口的食物，获得一种彻底的经验，乃是浪费光阴。有些人行事好像他们所吃的是损失了，任何能填满胃的东西他们都塞进去，吃辛苦预备的食物也是一样。我们喜爱所吃的食物是重要的。如果我们对所吃的食物不感兴趣，只是机械地吃，就不会象我们若能享受所吃进胃里的食物那样得到滋养和建造。我们是由所吃进去的东西构成的。为了产生优质的血液，我们必须吃正确种类的食物，以正确的方式制备。{1T 681.3}[4]
§10
I have said to myself: I do not wonder at it. It is your manner of preparing food that makes it so unpalatable. To eat such food would certainly give one the dyspepsia. These poor cooks, and those who have to eat their food, will gravely tell you that the health reform does not agree with them. The stomach has not power to convert poor, heavy, sour bread into good; but this poor bread will convert a healthy stomach into a diseased one. Those who eat such food know that they are failing in strength. Is there not a cause? Some of these persons call themselves health reformers, but they are not. They do not know how to cook. They prepare cakes, potatoes, and graham bread, but there is the same round, with scarcely a variation, and the system is not strengthened. They seem to think the time wasted which is devoted to obtaining a thorough experience in the preparation of healthful, palatable food. Some act as though that which they eat were lost, and anything they could toss into the stomach to fill it would do as well as food prepared with so much painstaking. It is important that we relish the food we eat. If we cannot do this, but eat mechanically, we fail to be nourished and built up as we would be if we could enjoy the food we take into the stomach. We are composed of what we eat. In order to make a good quality of blood, we must have the right kind of food, prepared in a right manner.{1T 681.3}[4]
§11
负责烹饪的人，当学习如何用各种不同的方法，来烹调有益健康的食物，使人吃得开怀，这乃是一种宗教本分。母亲们应当教导儿女如何烹饪。青年女子所受的教育，有哪一部门会比此更重要呢？饮食对生命有大关系。菲薄、营养不足、烹饪不良的食物，会削弱制血的器官，以致常使血液败坏。烹饪的技能应被认为是教育最重要的部门之一，这是十分必要的。现今好的厨司很少。青年的女士们认为作一个厨司，乃是屈尊从事卑贱的职业。其实不然。她们未从正当的立场来看此行业。学习如何制备有益健康的食物，尤其是面包，这门学问不是下贱的科学。{1T 682.1}[5]
§12
It is a religious duty for those who cook to learn how to prepare healthful food in different ways, so that it may be eaten with enjoyment. Mothers should teach their children how to cook. What branch of the education of a young lady can be so important as this? The eating has to do with the life. Scanty, impoverished, ill-cooked food is constantly depraving the blood by weakening the blood-making organs. It is highly essential that the art of cookery be considered one of the most important branches of education. There are but few good cooks. Young ladies consider that it is stooping to a menial office to become a cook. This is not the case. They do not view the subject from a right standpoint. Knowledge of how to prepare food healthfully, especially bread, is no mean science.{1T 682.1}[5]
§13
在许多的家庭中，我们遇到了消化不良的病人，其原因往往是由于不良的面包而起。主妇认为不可把它扔掉，于是他们便吃了。难道这是处置不良面包的方法吗？你们把它放进胃中，可变成血液吗？难道胃的能力会把酸面包变成甜的？把不易消化面包的变成容易消化的？把发霉的面包变成新鲜的？{1T 682.2}[6]
§14
In many families we find dyspeptics, and frequently the reason of this is the poor bread. The mistress of the house decides that it must not be thrown away, and they eat it. Is this the way to dispose of poor bread? Will you put it into the stomach to be converted into blood? Has the stomach power to make sour bread sweet? heavy bread light? moldy bread fresh?{1T 682.2}[6]
§15
母亲们忽略了传授女儿们这方面的教育，她们自己费心及操劳，很快就心疲力竭了，而同时却让女儿去访友，去读自己喜欢的书报，或将所能的聪慧专事于闺房织绣花色上，这是错误的爱，错误的好心。母亲这样行，乃是对女儿有害，而且往往是害及终身。到了她应该负起人生责任之年，她却不胜任，这等人是负不起家务和家庭责任的。她们生活得很轻松，一点也不负责任。而母亲却操劳负重，犹如满载之车。女儿虽无残忍之心，却是粗心疏忽、不注意的；否则，就会注意到母亲疲倦的神情和满面辛苦，并会设法尽自己的本分，去分担较重的责任，去减轻她的劳苦，使她可以无忧无虑，不必累倒卧床受苦，甚或致死了。{1T 682.3}[7]
§16
Mothers neglect this branch in the education of their daughters. They take the burden of care and labor, and are fast wearing out, while the daughter is excused, to visit, to crochet, or study her own pleasure. This is mistaken love, mistaken kindness. The mother is doing an injury to her child, which frequently lasts her lifetime. At the age when she should be capable of bearing some of lifes burdens, she is unqualified to do so. Such will not take care and burdens. They go light-loaded, excusing themselves from responsibilities, while the mother is pressed down under her burden of care, as a cart beneath sheaves. The daughter does not mean to be unkind; but she is careless and heedless, or she would notice the tired look and mark the expression of pain upon the countenance of the mother, and would seek to do her part to bear the heavier part of the burden and relieve the mother, who must have freedom from care or be brought upon a bed of suffering and, it may be, of death.{1T 682.3}[7]
§17
母亲们为何那么盲目及忽略教育女儿们呢？我曾去拜望许多不同的家庭，见到母亲负起重担，而女儿显然是十分活泼，身强力壮的，反而不操心，不负责，这使我一直是很痛苦难过。在有客人很多，家人忙于招待之时，我见到母亲负着重担，操心照顾一切，而女儿们倒坐下跟年青的朋友们聊天，有了一场快乐的社交访问。这些事情在我看来是那么错误，以致忍不住要向那些不懂事的青年们说话，告诉她们去帮忙，减轻母亲的辛苦，领她到客厅坐下并催促她休息，享受与其朋友们的交际之乐。{1T 683.1}[8]
§18
Why will mothers be so blind and negligent in the education of their daughters? I have been distressed, as I have visited different families, to see the mother bearing the heavy burden, while the daughter, who manifested buoyancy of spirit and had a good degree of health and vigor, felt no care, no burden. When there are large gatherings, and families are burdened with company, I have seen the mother bearing the burden, with the care of everything upon her, while the daughters are sitting down chatting with young friends, having a social visit. These things seem so wrong to me that I can hardly forbear speaking to the thoughtless youth and telling them to go to work. Release your tired mother. Lead her to a seat in the parlor and urge her to rest and enjoy the society of her friends.{1T 683.1}[8]
§19
然而这种情形，却也不能全怪女儿，母亲也是有错的，因为她未曾忍耐地教导女儿，如何作烹饪之工。她知道她们没有烹饪这门学问，便觉得自己是责无旁贷，必须担任每一需要操心、思想及照料的事。青年的女士们，应当在烹饪这方面受彻底的教导。无论生活环境怎样，这种学问都是可派上实际用场的。这是对人类生活最有直接影响的一门教育，尤其是对于自己最亲爱之人的生活有关。许多主妇和母亲，对于烹饪这一门学问，还没有过正当的教育而缺少这种技能。她们每天给家人预备着不合适的食物，这些食物正在切实地破坏人的消化器官，制造不良的血液，往往引发炎病急症，并使人短寿夭亡。许多人因吃不易消化及酸的面包而致死。有人向我提及一例，曾有一女佣因制作了一炉不易消化的酸面包，后来她为要弃掉它和不愿被人知道起见，便丢给两条大猪去吃。可是第二天，那家的主人发现他的猪死了。经过检查之后，在食槽里找到了这种不易消化的面包的碎片。他调查此事，那女佣承认了自己所作的事。她先前一点也没想到，这种面包对于猪竟会有这么大的害处。如果这种不易消化的酸面包可以害死那能活吞响尾蛇及几乎什么脏东西都吃的猪，那么对于人的胃——柔嫩的器官，更会有何等的祸害呢？{1T 683.2}[9]
§20
But the daughters are not the ones to be blamed wholly in this matter. The mother is at fault. She has not patiently taught her daughters how to cook. She knows that they lack knowledge in the cooking department, and therefore feels no release from the labor. She must attend to everything that requires care, thought, and attention. Young ladies should be thoroughly instructed in cooking. Whatever be their circumstances in life, here is knowledge which may be put to a practical use. It is a branch of education which has the most direct influence upon human life, especially the lives of those held most dear. Many a wife and mother who has not had the right education and lacks skill in the cooking department is daily presenting her family with ill-prepared food which is steadily and surely destroying the digestive organs, making a poor quality of blood, and frequently bringing on acute attacks of inflammatory disease and causing premature death. Many have been brought to their death by eating heavy, sour bread. An instance was related to me of a hired girl who made a batch of sour, heavy bread. In order to get rid of it and conceal the matter, she threw it to a couple of very large hogs. Next morning the man of the house found his swine dead, and, upon examining the trough, found pieces of this heavy bread. He made inquiries, and the girl acknowledged what she had done. She had not a thought of the effect of such bread upon the swine. If heavy, sour bread will kill swine, which can devour rattlesnakes and almost every detestable thing, what effect will it have upon that tender organ, the human stomach?{1T 683.2}[9]
§21
每一位基督教女子，应当立即学习怎样用未筛过的粗面粉制作良好、甘甜、蓬松的面包，这乃是一种宗教信仰上的本分。母亲们应当带女儿们进入厨房，趁她们年幼之时，就教以烹饪的技能。母亲不能希望女儿们未受教导，而能明白治家的窍道。她应当用和颜悦色的态度，说鼓励赞许的话，来忍耐而和蔼地教授此项工作，并尽力使之顺利合意。她们若是失败一次、两次、三次，也不可予以责难。灰心之念正在进行其工作，并引诱她们说这样的话：“这是无用的，我是做不来的。”这不是责难的时候。意志之力正在逐渐减弱。此时需要用鼓励、乐观和希望的话来鞭策，例如：“你做错了，没关系。你不过是初学，免不了会做错的。再试试看。要留心自己所作的，要很小心，你一定会成功的。” {1T 684.1}[10]
§22
It is a religious duty for every Christian girl and woman to learn at once to make good, sweet, light bread from unbolted wheat flour. Mothers should take their daughters into the kitchen with them when very young and teach them the art of cooking. The mother cannot expect her daughters to understand the mysteries of housekeeping without education. She should instruct them patiently, lovingly, and make the work as agreeable as she can by her cheerful countenance and encouraging words of approval. If they fail once, twice, or thrice, censure not. Already discouragement is doing its work and tempting them to say: It is of no use; I cant do it. This is not the time for censure. The will is becoming weakened. It needs the spur of encouraging, cheerful, hopeful words, as: Never mind the mistakes you have made. You are but a learner and must expect to make blunders. Try again. Put your mind on what you are doing. Be very careful, and you will certainly succeed.{1T 684.1}[10]
§23
许多母亲没有认识到这门学问的重要性，她们情愿自己包办了一切，而不肯麻烦费心去教导儿女，和忍受她们在学习时所犯的错误与失败。当女儿们在尽力工作时有了失败，她却用这种话把她们支使开：“真是没用，你这也不会那也不会，给我越帮越忙，添乱子了。” {1T 685.1}[11]
§24
Many mothers do not realize the importance of this branch of knowledge, and rather than have the trouble and care of instructing their children and bearing with their failings and errors while learning, they prefer to do all themselves. And when their daughters make a failure in their efforts, they send them away with: It is no use; you cant do this or that. You perplex and trouble me more than you help me.{1T 685.1}[11]
§25
这样，学者的初步努力受了拒绝，而初次的失败冰凉了她们的兴趣与热心，以致害怕再试，并且提议情愿作缝纫、针线，清洁屋子或其它的工，而不要下厨房。在此方面母亲是犯了大错啦，她应当耐心地教导她们，使她们借着实习而得经验，来消除笨拙，并补救那毫无经验之工人所有的笨手笨脚的麻烦。我要在此摘录1864年发表的《证言》第10辑中的话：{1T 685.2}[12]
§26
Thus the first efforts of the learners are repulsed, and the first failure so cools their interest and ardor to learn that they dread another trial, and will propose to sew, knit, clean house--anything but cook. Here the mother was greatly at fault. She should have patiently instructed them that they might by practice obtain an experience which would remove the awkwardness and remedy the unskillful movements of the inexperienced worker. Here I will add extracts from Testimony No. 10, published in 1864:{1T 685.2}[12]
§27
“娇生惯养的孩子总是希望得到这样的待遇。一旦他们的愿望得不到满足，便灰心丧志。这种性格会在他们的一生中表现出来。他们不能自立，却要依赖别人的帮助，指望得到别人的厚待和迁就。他们成年之后，一遇到反对，便觉得自己受了亏待。他们就是这样在忧虑中度过自己的一生，很难自食其力，常常因为不顺心而怨天尤人烦躁恼怒。{1T 685.3}[13]
§28
Children who have been petted and waited upon, always expect it; and if their expectations are not met, they are disappointed and discouraged. This same disposition will be seen through their whole lives; they will be helpless, leaning upon others for aid, expecting others to favor them and yield to them. And if they are opposed, even after they have grown to manhood and womanhood, they think themselves abused; and thus they worry their way through the world, hardly able to bear their own weight, often murmuring and fretting because everything does not suit them.{1T 685.3}[13]
§29
“那些有错误的父母，他们正是给儿女施授那将来必显明是对他们有害的教训，也是为他们自己的前途种下荆棘。他们以为满足儿女的心愿，让他们随自己的倾向而行，就可博得他们的爱。这是多么地错误！这等溺爱的儿女，自幼长大，就不约束自己的心愿,不压服自己的癖性，自私，苛求，及蛮横，结果就要危害自己及其周围的人们。儿女未来的福乐，大半操于父母的手中。那形成儿女品格的重大工作，是落在他们的身上。幼年时代所得的教导，会随他们一生的。父母是在撒种，这种子要长大并结出或善或恶的果子。他们能使儿女配得福乐或遭受祸患。{1T 685.4}[14]
§30
Mistaken parents are teaching their children lessons which will prove ruinous to them, and are also planting thorns for their own feet. They think that by gratifying the wishes of their children, and letting them follow their own inclinations, they can gain their love. What an error! Children thus indulged grow up unrestrained in their desires, unyielding in their dispositions, selfish, exacting, and overbearing, a curse to themselves and to all around them. To a great extent, parents hold in their own hands the future happiness of their children. Upon them rests the important work of forming the character of these children. The instructions given in childhood will follow them all through life. Parents sow the seed which will spring up and bear fruit either for good or evil. They can fit their sons and daughters for happiness or for misery.{1T 685.4}[14]
§31
“在儿女很幼小的时候，就当教他们成为有用的人，帮助自己，和帮助别人。现代许多女孩子，见到母亲操劳，煮饭，洗衣，熨衣，而自己却坐在客厅里看故事书，作花边，针织或刺绣些小东西，并不觉得良心难过。她们已变成铁石心肠，毫无感觉。然而这错误原是从何而起的呢？这种情形大半应归咎于谁呢？当然是那可怜的被骗的父母了。他们曾忽视了儿女将来的利益，误于溺爱，让她们闲坐，或是只给她们作一点不用脑筋不费气力的小事，而又原谅他们的懒姑娘，说她们是体弱不胜。究竟是什么使她们体弱呢？在许多情形之下，这些都是由于父母的错行而起。在家中作些合适的家事，是会使身体及脑筋都进步的。然而因为父母的错误观念，剥夺了儿女们的工作，以至他们变成了厌恶工作，不赞成工作，并以为是与他们那文质彬彬的观念不合的。她们看洗碗，熨衣，或站在洗池旁边的工作为粗事，是有失闺秀风度。在当今不幸的的时代中，孩子们所得的多是这种时髦的教育。{1T 686.1}[15]
§32
Children should be taught very young to be useful, to help themselves, and to help others. Many daughters of this age can, without remorse of conscience, see their mothers toiling, cooking, washing, or ironing, while they sit in the parlor and read stories, knit edging, crochet, or embroider. Their hearts are as unfeeling as a stone. But where does this wrong originate? Who are the ones usually most to blame in this matter? The poor, deceived parents. They overlook the future good of their children, and in their mistaken fondness, let them sit in idleness, or do that which is of but little account, which requires no exercise of the mind or muscles, and then excuse their indolent daughters because they are weakly. What has made them weakly? In many cases it has been the wrong course of the parents. A proper amount of exercise about the house would improve both mind and body. But children are deprived of this through false ideas, until they are averse to work. It is disagreeable and does not accord with their ideas of gentility. It is thought to be unladylike and even coarse to wash dishes, iron, or stand over the washtub. This is the fashionable instruction which is given children in this unfortunate age.{1T 686.1}[15]
§33
“上帝的子民应当受比世俗更高的原理管教。世人是用时髦风气来量度自己的行径。敬畏上帝的父母却应当训练儿女，使其终身成为有用的人。……当预备他们从幼负责。若是你们的儿女不惯于操作，不久他们就变成疲倦，并发怨言说腰酸，肩痛，手脚软；这时你们就很危险，会因同情他们，而自己去作那工，不愿他们吃一点苦。应当在开始时，给他们负责一些轻微的工作，然后每天加上一点，直到他们能作适量的工作，而不太疲倦。孩子们的腰酸肩痛，最大的原因，就是他们少活动。……{1T 686.2}[16]
§34
Gods people should be governed by higher principles than worldlings, who seek to gauge all their course of action according to fashion. God-fearing parents should train their children for a life of usefulness. . . . Prepare them to bear burdens while young. If your children have been unaccustomed to labor, they will soon become weary. They will complain of side ache, pain in the shoulders, and tired limbs; and you will be in danger, through sympathy, of doing the work yourselves, rather than have them suffer a little. Let the burden upon the children be very light at first, and then increase it a little every day, until they can do a proper amount of labor without becoming so weary. Inactivity is the greatest cause of side ache and shoulder ache among children. . . .{1T 686.2}[16]
§35
“母亲应带女儿下厨房，耐心地教授她们。这种操作会使她们身体更好，筋肉有力，并在每日终结之时，她们所作的默想更健全而高尚。她们也许很疲倦，然而这种适量操作之后所得的休息，真是何其甜蜜啊！睡眠乃是自然的可爱复原者，它会使你疲倦的身体蓬勃奋兴，备为次日尽责之用。切不可使儿女心中以为他们作不作工，是没有关系的。应当教他们知道，家中需要他们的帮忙，他们的光阴是宝贵的，以及你们依靠他们的劳作。” {1T 687.1}[17]
§36
Mothers should take their daughters with them into the kitchen and patiently educate them. Their constitution will be better for such labor, their muscles will gain tone and strength, and their meditations will be more healthy and elevated at the close of the day. They may be weary, but how sweet is rest after a proper amount of labor. Sleep, natures sweet restorer, invigorates the weary body, and prepares it for the next days duties. Do not intimate to your children that it is no matter whether they labor or not. Teach them that their help is needed, that their time is of value, and that you depend on their labor. {1T 687.1}[17]