第32章 摩西之死
§1
第32章 摩西之死
§2
Chap. 32—Death of Moses
§3
摩西快要逝世了，上帝吩咐他在他去世之前将以色列民招集前来，向他们叙述希伯来全军自从离开埃及以来所有的经历，以及他们的父老们所犯的大罪，这些罪曾使上帝的刑罚临到他们身上，使祂不得不宣布禁止他们进入应许之地。他们的父老们已经照主所说的死在旷野了。他们的孩子们已经长大成人，因此占领迦南地的应许将要实现在他们身上。这些人当中有许多在颁布律法时还是小孩子，所以他们对当时在庄严肃穆的场面已不复记忆了。其他的人则是在旷野中出生的，惟恐他们不能认识遵守十条诫命以及所赐摩西一切律例典章的必要。他得蒙上帝的指示，将十条诫命以及颁布律法的一切经过重申一次。{4aSG 52.2}[1]
§4
Moses was soon to die, and he was commanded of God, before his death, to gather the children of Israel together, and relate to them all the journeyings of the Hebrew host since their departure from Egypt, and all the great transgressions of their fathers, which brought his judgments upon them, and compelled him to say that they should not enter the promised land. Their fathers had died in the wilderness, according to the word of the Lord. Their children had grown up, and to them the promise was to be fulfilled of possessing the land of Canaan. Many of these were small children when the law was given, and they had no remembrance of the grandeur of the event. Others were born in the wilderness, and lest they should not realize the necessity of their obeying the ten commandments, and all the laws and judgments given to Moses, he was instructed of God to recapitulate the ten commandments, and all the circumstances connected with the giving of the law.?{4aSG 52.2}[1]
§5
摩西曾将上帝所传给他的一切律例典章都写在书上，并且忠心记录了祂沿途所给于他们的指示，以及祂为他们所行的一切神迹，和以色列民所发的一切怨言。摩西也记录了他自己因他们的怨言而被试探所胜的经过。 {4aSG 53.1}[2]
§6
Moses had written in a book all the laws and judgments given him of God, and had faithfully recorded all his instructions given them by the way, and all the miracles which he had performed for them, and all the murmurings of the children of Israel. Moses had also recorded his being overcome in consequence of their murmurings.?{4aSG 53.1}[2]
§7
全体会众聚集在摩西面前了，他便从他所写的书中诵读了他们以往历史的重大事件，还读了上帝在他们顺命时的各项应许，以及他们违命时所要受的种种咒诅。{4aSG 53.2}[3]
§8
All the people were assembled before him, and he read the events of their past history out of the book which he had written. He read, also, the promises of God to them if they would be obedient, and the curses which would come upon them if they were disobedient.?{4aSG 53.2}[3]
§9
他向百姓讲了自己因在米利巴犯错而有的大悲伤。“那时，我恳求耶和华说：‘主耶和华啊，祢已将祢的大力大能显给仆人看。在天上，在地下，有什么神能象祢行事、象祢有大能的作为呢？求祢容我过去，看约旦河那边的美地，就是那佳美的山地和黎巴嫩。’但耶和华因你们的缘故向我发怒，不应允我，对我说：‘罢了！你不要向我再提这事。你且上毗斯迦山顶去，向东、西、南、北举目观望，因为你必不能过这约旦河。你却要嘱咐约书亚，勉励他，使他胆壮；因为他必在这百姓前面过去，使他们承受你所要观看之地。’”“以色列人哪，现在我所教训你们的律例典章，你们要听从遵行，好叫你们存活，得以进入耶和华你们列祖之上帝所赐给你们的地，承受为业。所吩咐你们的话，你们不可加添，也不可删减，好叫你们遵守我所吩咐的，就是耶和华你们上帝的命令”（申3:23-28；4:1,2）。{4aSG 53.3}[4]
§10
He related to the people his great sorrow because of his fault at Meribah. “And I besought the Lord at that time, saying, O Lord God, thou hast begun to shew thy servant thy greatness, and thy mighty hand; for what God is there in Heaven or in earth, that can do according to thy works, and according to thy might? I pray thee, let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon. But the Lord was wroth with me for your sakes, and would not hear me. And the Lord said unto me, Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Get thee up into the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold it with thine eyes; for thou shalt not go over this Jordan. But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see. Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the Lord God of your fathers giveth you. Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish aught from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the Lord your God which I command you.”?{4aSG 53.3}[4]
§11
摩西告诉他们说，主曾数度定意要因他们叛逆的罪而消灭他们，但他却为他们十分恳切地代求，结果上帝开恩饶恕了他们。他使他们回想到主对法老和埃及全地所行的神迹。他对他们说：“惟有你们亲眼看见耶和华所作的一切大事。所以你们要守我今日所吩咐的一切诫命，使你们壮胆，能以进去，得你们所要得的那地”（申11:7-8）。{4aSG 53.4}[5]
§12
Moses told them that for their rebellion the Lord had several times purposed to destroy them. But he had?interceded for them so earnestly that God had graciously spared them. He reminded them of the miracles which the Lord did unto Pharaoh and all the land of Egypt. He said to them, “But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the Lord which he did. Therefore shall ye keep all the commandments which I command you this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, whither ye go to possess it.”?{4aSG 53.4}[5]
§13
摩西特别警告以色列民，要防止受引诱陷入拜偶像的罪。他恳切地嘱咐他们，要遵守上帝的诫命。如果他们能顺服并敬爱主，全心全意地侍奉祂，祂就必按时降雨给他们，使他们的土产繁盛，牲畜增多。他们也必享有特别而崇高的特权，并且战胜他们的仇敌。他对他们讲了迦南地比埃及地的长处。在某些季节，埃及的耕地必须用脚动机械取河水浇灌。这是一项费力的工作。{4aSG 54.1}[6]
§14
Moses especially warned the children of Israel against being seduced into idolatry. He earnestly charged them to obey the commandments of God. If they would prove obedient, and love the Lord, and serve him with their undivided affections, he would give them rain in due season, and cause their vegetation to flourish, and increase their cattle. They should also enjoy especial and exalted privileges, and should triumph over their enemies. He related to them the advantages of the land of Canaan over that of Egypt. In certain seasons of the year, the cultivated lands in Egypt had to be watered from the river, by machinery, which was worked by the foot. This was a laborious process.?{4aSG 54.1}[6]
§15
摩西对他们说：“你要进去得为业的那地，本不象你出来的埃及地。你在那里撒种，用脚浇灌，象浇灌菜园一样。你们要过去得为业的那地乃是有山有谷、雨水滋润之地，是耶和华你上帝所眷顾的；从岁首到年终，耶和华你上帝的眼目时常看顾那地”（申11:10-12）。{4aSG 54.2}[7]
§16
Moses said to them, “For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herbs. But the land, whither ye go to possess it, is a land of hills and valleys, and drinketh water of the rain of heaven. A land which the Lord thy God careth for. The eyes of the Lord thy God are always upon it, from the beginning of the year even unto the end of the year.”?{4aSG 54.2}[7]
§17
许多埃及人竟把惟独属于上帝的礼拜献给大河。他们认那条河为他们的神，因为他们靠它的水止渴，用它浇灌他们的土地，使庄稼生长茂盛；它丰富地供应他们鱼吃。{4aSG 54.3}[8]
§18
Many of the Egyptians paid that devotion to the river which belonged alone to God. They acknowledged it as their god, because they were dependent on its waters to quench their thirst, and to use upon their lands to cause vegetation to flourish; and it liberally supplied their tables with fish.?{4aSG 54.3}[8]
§19
在降灾期间，埃及的法老仍准时地向大河盲目地礼拜，每天早上去朝拜大河。他站在河岸上感谢赞美大河，数说大河的功劳和能力，说没有大河他们就活不了，他们的土地靠它灌溉，他们餐桌上的食物靠它供给。埃及所遭的第一灾就降在河水上，这河是埃及人最尊崇的神明之一。摩西在法老和他的要人们面前击打了河水，他们就看到他们正崇拜的河水变成了血。河水腐烂了七天，其中一切的鱼都死了。百姓不能用河水做什么了。{4aSG 54.4}[9]
§20
During the plagues on Egypt Pharaoh was punctual in his superstitious devotion to the river, and visited it every morning, and as he stood upon its banks he?offered praise and thanksgiving to the water, recounting the great good it accomplished, and telling the water of its great power; that without it they could not exist; for their lands were watered by it, and it supplied meat for their tables. The first plague which visited Egypt was to come upon the waters, one of the exalted gods of Pharaoh. Moses smote the waters before Pharaoh and his great men, and they saw the waters which they were adoring turned to blood. It was a putrid mass for seven days, and all the fish that were in it died. The people could not use the water for any purpose.?{4aSG 54.4}[9]
§21
摩西用诚恳深刻的方式教训以色列民。他知道这是他最后向他们讲话的机会。他随后在书中写完了上帝所传给他的一切律例、典章，以及有关献祭礼节的种种条例。他将这书交在负有圣职之人的手中，并且吩咐他们为保全这书起见，要将它置于约柜旁边，因为上帝时常照料那神圣的约柜。这部摩西的书必须予以保存，以便在有必要时可供以色列的士师参考。一般容易犯错的人往往会解释上帝的律法，来迁就自己的情况；故此摩西的书要存放在最神圣的所在，以供将来参考。{4aSG 55.1}[10]
§22
Moses instructed the children of Israel in an earnest, impressive manner. He knew that it was his last opportunity to address them. He then finished writing in a book all the laws, judgments and statutes which God had given him; also, the various regulations respecting sacrificial offerings. He placed the book in the hands of men in the sacred office, and requested that for safe keeping it should be put in the side of the ark, for God’s care was continually upon that sacred chest. This book of Moses was to be preserved, that the judges of Israel might refer to it if any case should come up to make it necessary. An erring people often understand God’s requirements to suit their own case, therefore the book of Moses was preserved in a most sacred place, for future reference.?{4aSG 55.1}[10]
§23
摩西以一次最有力而含有预言意义的演说，结束了他对百姓的最后指示。这篇演说措辞悲壮动人。他在上帝灵感之下分别为以色列各支派祝福。他在结束的话中强调上帝的威严和以色列的优越，只要他们顺服上帝，把握住祂的能力，他们的优势就必持续。他对他们说：“耶书仑哪，没有能比上帝的。祂为帮助你，乘在天空，显其威荣，驾行穹苍。永生的上帝是你的居所；祂永久的膀臂在你以下。祂在你前面撵出仇敌，说：毁灭吧。以色列安然居住；雅各的本源独居五谷新酒之地。祂的天也滴甘露。以色列啊，你是有福的！谁象你这蒙耶和华所拯救的百姓呢？祂是你的盾牌，帮助你，是你威荣的刀剑。你的仇敌必投降你；你必踏在他们的高处”（申33:26-29）。{4aSG 55.2}[11]
§24
Moses closed his last instructions to the people by a most powerful, prophetic address. It was pathetic and eloquent. By inspiration of God he blessed separately the tribes of Israel. In his closing words, he dwelt largely upon the majesty of God, and the excellency of Israel, which would ever continue if they would obey God, and take hold of his strength. He said to them, “There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky. The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms. And he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee, and shall say, Destroy them. Israel, then, shall dwell?in safety alone. The fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also, his heavens shall drop down dew. Happy art thou, O Israel. Who is like unto thee, O people saved by the Lord, the shield of thy help, and who is the word of thy excellency? And thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.”?{4aSG 55.2}[11]
§25
约书亚蒙拣选接续摩西，带领希伯来众民进入应许之地。他被极其庄严地分别为圣，承担将来的重要领导工作，作以色列民的忠心牧人。“嫩的儿子约书亚；因为摩西曾按手在他头上，就被智慧的灵充满，以色列人便听从他，照着耶和华吩咐摩西的行了”（申34:9）。他在以色列全会众面前嘱咐约书亚说：“你当刚强壮胆，因为你必领以色列人进我所起誓应许他们的地；我必与你同在”（申31:23）。摩西替上帝对约书亚讲话。他还把众长老和各支派的官长召集到他面前，严肃地嘱咐他们要在他们的宗教职责上秉公行义，忠心地顺从他从上帝传达给他们的一切指示。他呼天唤地见证他们的不是，他们若是偏离上帝，违背祂的诫命，他也是清白的，因为他已忠实地指示和警告了他们。{4aSG 56.1}[12]
§26
Joshua was selected of God to be Moses’ successor in leading the Hebrew host to the promised land. He was most solemnly consecrated to the future important work of leading, as a faithful shepherd, the people of Israel. “And Joshua, the son of Nun, was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him. And the children of Israel hearkened unto him, and did as the Lord commanded Moses.” And he gave Joshua charge before all the congregation of Israel, “Be strong and of a good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel unto the land which I sware unto them, and I will be with thee.” He spoke to Joshua in God’s stead. He also had the elders and officers of the tribes gathered before him, and he solemnly charged them to deal justly and righteously in their religious offices, and to faithfully obey all the instructions he had given them from God. He called heaven and earth to record against them, that if they should depart from God, and transgress his commandments, he was clear, for he had faithfully instructed and warned them.?{4aSG 56.1}[12]
§27
“摩西从摩押平原登尼波山，上了那与耶利哥相对的毗斯迦山顶。耶和华把基列全地直到但、拿弗他利全地、以法莲、玛拿西，犹大全地直到西海、南地，和棕树城耶利哥的平原，直到锁珥，都指给他看。耶和华对他说：‘这就是我向亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各、起誓应许之地，说，我必将这地赐给你的后裔；现在我使你眼睛看见了，你却不得过到那里去。’于是耶和华的仆人摩西死在摩押地，正如耶和华所说的。耶和华将他埋葬在摩押地，伯毗珥对面的谷中，只是到今日没有人知道他的坟墓。摩西死的时候，年一百二十岁；眼目没有昏花，精神没有衰败”（申34:1-7）。{4aSG 56.2}[13]
§28
“And Moses went up from the plains of Moab unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho, and the Lord shewed him all the land to Gilead, unto Dan. And all Naphtali, and the land of Ephraim, and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea, and the south, and the plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto Zoar. And the Lord said unto him, This is the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy seed. I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt not go over thither. So Moses, the servant of?the Lord, died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord. And he buried him in a valley, in the land of Moab, over against Beth-peor; but no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day. And Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died; his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.”?{4aSG 56.2}[13]
§29
摩西上到毗斯迦山顶，那是他能上到的最高的山顶，在那里用他清楚明亮的眼睛观看了迦南地，既主所应许给以色列的家乡。上帝在他眼前展开迦南全地的景象。他在山上那里充分认识到以色列若是忠心顺从上帝的诫命就会得到的丰盛福气。{4aSG 57.1}[14]
§30
Moses ascended to Pisgah, the highest prominence of the mountain which he could attain, and there his clear and undimmed eyes viewed the land, the promised home of Israel. God opened before his sight the whole land of Canaan. He there in the mount fully realized the rich blessings Israel would enjoy if they would faithfully obey the commandments of God.?{4aSG 57.1}[14]
§31
上帝的旨意没让任何人陪同摩西上毗斯迦山顶。他站在那高高耸立的毗斯迦山顶，在上帝和众天使的面前。在他心满意足瞻望到迦南地之后，他便像一个疲乏的战士躺下休息了。他安睡了，但那是死亡的长眠，有天使将他的遗体取去埋葬在山谷中，以色列人永远找不到他埋葬的所在。他的秘密埋葬，乃是要防止民众因他的遗体而犯拜偶像的罪，以致触犯耶和华。摩西已为以色列成就了许多事。在他一切的指示中都可见到正义、智慧和纯正。{4aSG 57.2}[15]
§32
It was not the will of God that any one should go up with Moses to the top of Pisgah. There he stood, upon a high prominence upon Pisgah’s top, in the presence of God and heavenly angels. After he had viewed Canaan to his satisfaction, he lay down, like a tired warrior, to rest. Sleep came upon him, but it was the sleep of death. Angels took his body and buried it in the valley. The Israelites could never find the place where he was buried. His secret burial was to prevent the people from sinning against the Lord by committing idolatry over his body. Moses had accomplished much for Israel. In all his instructions to them could be seen justice, intelligence and purity.?{4aSG 57.2}[15]
§33
摩西的一生显然对上帝有至上的爱。他的虔诚、谦卑和宽容使他对以色列全军有影响力。他对上帝的热心和信心比世上别的任何人都大。他曾常常用激动人心的雄辩之辞向百姓讲话。谁也不如他更知道怎样感动人们的心。他用大智慧做了一切关乎人们宗教兴趣的事。{4aSG 57.3}[16]
§34
The life of Moses was marked with supreme love to God. His piety, humility and forbearance gave him influence with the host of Israel. His zeal and faith in God were greater than those of any other man upon the earth. He had often addressed his people in words of stirring eloquence. No one knew better than he how to move the affections of the people. He conducted all matters connected with the religious interests of the people with great wisdom.?{4aSG 57.3}[16]
§35
撒但因为他终于使摩西得罪上帝而狂喜了。因为这一次的过犯，摩西落在了死亡的权下。如果他一直能保持忠心，使他的生平不受那一次未将磐石出水的荣耀归给上帝的过犯所亏损，他就必得以进入应许之地，并且不尝死味而变化升天了。在摩西被葬在坟墓中一个短暂的时期后，米迦勒，就是基督，和那些埋葬他的天使从天上下来，使他复活了，并把他带到天上。{4aSG 57.4}[17]
§36
Satan exulted that he had succeeded in causing Moses to sin against God. For this transgression, Moses came under the dominion of death. If he had continued faithful, and his life had not been marred with?that one transgression, in failing to give to God the glory of bringing water from the rock, he would have entered the promised land, and would have been translated to Heaven without seeing death. Michael, or Christ, with the angels that buried Moses, came down from Heaven, after he had remained in the grave a short time, and resurrected him, and took him to Heaven.?{4aSG 57.4}[17]
§37
基督和天使临近摩西的坟墓时，撒但和他的使者竟在坟墓出现，看守着摩西的尸体，惟恐它被挪去。当基督和祂的使者靠近的时候，撒但抗拒他们靠近，但终于因基督和祂使者的荣耀和权能不得不后退。撒但声称因为摩西犯了那一次的罪，他的遗体应该是属于他的。但基督却温和地向他提到祂的父说：“主责备你吧”（犹9）！基督告诉撒但，祂知道摩西已经谦卑地为这一件错行悔改，所以他的品格上并没有瑕疵，而且他的名字在天上的卷册上是无污点的，于是基督就使撒但所主张属于自己的摩西身体复活了。{4aSG 58.1}[18]
§38
As Christ and the angels approached the grave, Satan and his angels appeared at the grave, and were guarding the body of Moses, lest it should be removed. As Christ and his angels drew nigh, Satan resisted their approach, but was compelled, by the glory and power of Christ and his angels to fall back. Satan claimed the body of Moses, because of his one transgression; but Christ meekly referred him to his Father, saying, “The Lord rebuke thee.” Christ told Satan that he knew that Moses had humbly repented of this one wrong, and no stain rested upon his character, and his name in the heavenly book of records stood untarnished. Then Christ resurrected the body of Moses, which Satan had claimed.?{4aSG 58.1}[18]
§39
在基督登山变相时，摩西和被接升天的以利亚，曾奉差遣去和基督谈论祂受苦的事，并将上帝的荣耀带给祂的爱子。摩西是上帝特别看重的。他曾享有与上帝面对面谈话，像人与朋友谈话一样的特权。上帝也曾向他彰显祂无上的荣耀，是祂所从未向别人显示过的。{4aSG 58.2}[19]
§40
At the transfiguration of Christ, Moses was sent with Elijah, who had been translated, to talk with Christ in regard to his sufferings, and be the bearers of God’s glory to his dear Son. Moses had been greatly honored of God. He had been privileged to talk with God face to face, as a man speaketh with his friend. And God had revealed to him his excellent glory, as he had never done to any other.?{4aSG 58.2}[19]