属灵的恩赐_卷3E · 第21章上帝的律法

第21章上帝的律法

§1 第21章上帝的律法

§2 Chap. 21—The Law of God

§3 以色列民“离了利非订，来到西奈的旷野，就在那里的山下安营。摩西到上帝那里，耶和华从山上呼唤他说：你要这样告诉雅各家，晓谕以色列人，说：我向埃及人所行的事，你们都看见了，且看见我，如鹰将你们背在翅膀上，带来归我，如今你们若实在听从我的话，遵守我的约，就要在万民中作属我的子民，因为全地都是我的；你们要归我作祭司的国度，为圣洁的国民。这些话你要告诉以色列人。摩西去召了民间的长老来，将耶和华所吩咐他的话，都在他们面前陈明。百姓都同声回答说：凡耶和华所说的我们都要遵行。摩西就将百姓的话回复耶和华”（出19:2-8）。{3SG 261.2}[1]

§4 After the children of Israel left Rephidim they came to the “desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount. And Moses went up unto God, and the Lord called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel, Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles’?wings, and brought you unto myself. Now, therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people; for all the earth is mine. And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the Lord commanded him. And all the people answered together, and said, All that the Lord hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the Lord.”?{3SG 261.2}[1]

§5 民众在这里同上帝立了严肃的约，并接受了祂为他们的统治者，由此而成为祂神圣权威之下的特殊子民。“耶和华对摩西说：我要在密云中临到你那里，叫百姓在我与你说话的时候可以听见，也可以永远信你了”（出19:9）。每当希伯来人在途中遇到困难时，他们动辄埋怨摩西和亚伦，归咎他们将以色列全族带出埃及乃是要消灭他们。因此上帝要当着他们尊重摩西，使他们信任他的教诲，并且知道祂已将祂的灵加在摩西身上。{3SG 262.1}[2]

§6 The people here entered into a solemn covenant with God, and accepted him as their ruler, by which they became the peculiar subjects of his divine authority. “And the Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee forever.” When the Hebrews had met with difficulties in the way, they were disposed to murmur against Moses and Aaron, and accuse them of leading the host of Israel from Egypt to destroy them. God would honor Moses before them, that they might be led to confide in his instructions, and know that he had put his Spirit upon him.?{3SG 262.1}[2]

§7 于是主给予摩西明确的指示，命百姓准备上帝降临，使他们得听祂律法的宣布，不是经由天使传授，而是祂亲口说出的。“耶和华又对摩西说：你往百姓那里去，叫他们今天明天自洁，又叫他们洗衣服；到第三天要预备好了，因为第三天耶和华要在众百姓眼前降临在西奈山上”（出19:10,11）。民众奉命停止属世的劳作和操心，培养属灵的思想。上帝也要他们洗净他们的衣服。祂现今并不比往日更少考究。祂乃是讲究秩序规则的上帝，所以要祂现代住在地上的子民保持严格清洁的习惯。凡以不清洁的身体和污秽的衣服来敬拜上帝的人，都不能进到祂面前来得蒙悦纳。祂不喜悦他们对祂缺少敬意，祂也不接纳污秽之礼拜者的事奉，因为他们羞辱了他们的创造主。天地的创造主非常重视清洁，因此，祂说：“又叫他们洗衣服。” {3SG 262.2}[3]

§8 The Lord then gave Moses express directions in regard to preparing the people for him to approach nigh to them that they might hear his law spoken, not by angels, but by himself.?“And the Lord said unto Moses, go unto the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes, and be ready against the third day; for the third day the Lord will come down in the sight of all the people upon Mount Sinai.” The people were required to refrain from worldly labor and care, and to possess devotional thoughts. God required them also to wash their clothes. He is no less particular now than he was then. He is a God of order, and requires his people now upon the earth to observe habits of strict cleanliness. And those who worship God with uncleanly garments and persons do not come before him in an acceptable manner. He is not pleased with their lack of reverence for him, and he will not accept the service of filthy worshipers, for they insult their Maker. The Creator of the heavens and of the earth considered cleanliness of so much importance that he said, “And let them wash their clothes.”?{3SG 262.2}[3]

§9 “你要在山的四围给百姓定界限，说：你们当谨慎，不可上山去，也不可摸山的边界，凡摸这山的，必要治死他。不可用手摸他，必用石头打死，或用箭射透；无论是人，是牲畜，都不得活；到角声拖长的时候，他们才可到山根来”（出19:12,13）。这道命令乃是要特意感动这班悖逆的百姓，对那位制定并执行他们律法的上帝，深怀崇敬。{3SG 263.1}[4]

§10 “And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it. Whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death. There shall not a hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through, whether it be beast or man, it shall not live. When the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount.” This command was designed to impress the minds of this rebellious people with a profound?veneration for God, the author and authority of their laws.?{3SG 263.1}[4]

§11 “到了第三天早晨，在山上有雷轰、闪电、和密云，并且角声甚大；营中的百姓尽都发颤”（出19:16）。那侍立在神圣大君之前的众天使，用一种仿佛号筒般的声音号召民众前来，这声音越来越响，直到全地都震动。{3SG 264.1}[5]

§12 “And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud, so that all the people that was in the camp trembled.” The angelic host that attended the divine Majesty summoned the people by a sound resembling that of a trumpet, which waxed louder and louder until the whole earth trembled.?{3SG 264.1}[5]

§13 “摩西率领百姓出营迎接上帝；都站在山下。西奈全山冒烟，因为耶和华在火中降于山上，山的烟气上腾，如烧窑一般，遍山大大的震动”（出19:18）。神圣的上帝带着威荣的侍从天使行列，在云中降临，他们好像发光的火焰。{3SG 264.2}[6]

§14 “And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in fire, and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.” The divine Majesty descended in a cloud with a glorious retinue of angels, who appeared as flames of fire.?{3SG 264.2}[6]

§15 “角声渐渐的高而又高，摩西就说话，上帝有声音答应他。耶和华降临在西奈山顶上，耶和华召摩西上山顶，摩西就上去。耶和华对摩西说：你下去吩咐百姓，不可闯过来到我面前观看，恐怕他们有多人死亡。又叫亲近我的祭司自洁，恐怕我忽然出来击杀他们”（出19:19-22）。主如此在可畏的威严中从西奈山上宣布了祂的律法，使民众可以相信。祂在颁布律法的同时，还对自己的权威作了庄严崇高的显示，使他们确知祂乃是独一真实的永生上帝。摩西不得进入那光荣的云彩之内，只能就近进入那环绕着云彩的幽暗之中。他站立在民众与耶和华之间。{3SG 264.3}[7]

§16 “And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. And the Lord came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount, and the Lord called Moses up to the top of the mount, and Moses went up. And the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the Lord to gaze, and many of them perish. And let the priests also, which come near to the Lord, sanctify themselves,?lest the Lord break forth upon them.” Thus the Lord, in awful grandeur, speaks his law from Sinai, that the people may believe. He then accompanies the giving of his law with sublime exhibitions of his authority, that they may know that he is the only true and living God. Moses was not permitted to enter within the cloud of glory, but only draw nigh and enter the thick darkness which surrounded it. And he stood between the people and the Lord.?{3SG 264.3}[7]

§17 主如此显示祂大能的明证之后，便告诉他们祂是谁：“我是耶和华你的上帝，曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来。”那在埃及人中高举祂权能的同一位上帝，这时宣布祂的律法了：{3SG 265.1}[8]

§18 After the Lord had given them such evidences of his power, he tells them who he is. “I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.” The same God who exalted his power among the Egyptians now speaks his law.?{3SG 265.1}[8]

§19 “除了我以外，你不可有别的神。{3SG 265.2}[9]

§20 “Thou shalt have no other gods before me.?{3SG 265.2}[9]

§21 “不可为自己雕刻偶像，也不可做什么形像，仿佛上天、下地、和地底下、水中的百物，不可跪拜那些像；也不可事奉它，因为我耶和华你的上帝是忌邪的上帝，恨我的，我必追讨他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代；爱我守我诫命的，我必向他们发慈爱，直到千代。{3SG 265.3}[10]

§22 “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in Heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them; for I, the Lord thy God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me, and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.?{3SG 265.3}[10]

§23 “不可妄称耶和华你上帝的名；因为妄称耶和华名的，耶和华必不以他为无罪。{3SG 265.4}[11]

§24 “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.?{3SG 265.4}[11]

§25 “当记念安息日，守为圣日。六日要劳碌做你一切的工，但第七日是向耶和华你上帝当守的安息日；这一日你和你的儿女、仆婢、牲畜，并你城里寄居的客旅，无论何工都不可做；因为六日之内，耶和华造天、地、海、和其中的万物，第七日便安息；所以耶和华赐福与安息日，定为圣日。{3SG 266.1}[12]

§26 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates, for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore, the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.?{3SG 266.1}[12]

§27 “当孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和华你上帝所赐你的地上，得以长久。 {3SG 266.2}[13]

§28 “Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.?{3SG 266.2}[13]

§29 “不可杀人。{3SG 266.3}[14]

§30 “Thou shalt not kill.?{3SG 266.3}[14]

§31 “不可奸淫。{3SG 266.4}[15]

§32 “Thou shalt not commit adultery.?{3SG 266.4}[15]

§33 “不可偷盗。{3SG 266.5}[16]

§34 “Thou shalt not steal.?{3SG 266.5}[16]

§35 “不可作假见证陷害人。{3SG 266.6}[17]

§36 “Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.?{3SG 266.6}[17]

§37 “不可贪恋人的房屋，也不可贪恋人的妻子、仆婢、牛驴，并他一切所有的”（出20:2-17）。{3SG 266.7}[18]

§38 “Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor’s.”?{3SG 266.7}[18]

§39 耶和华所宣布的第一和第二条诫命，是禁止拜偶像的律例；因为人若拜偶像，就必致在罪恶和叛逆的事上无所不为，结果甚至奉献活人为祭物。上帝要防止这种可憎之事的初步发展。头四条诫命的颁布，乃是要向人类说明他们对上帝的责任。第四条乃是伟大的上帝与人类之间相联的环链。安息日乃是特为人的利益和上帝的荣耀而赐下的。后六条说明人与人之间的本分。{3SG 266.8}[19]

§40 The first and second commandments spoken by Jehovah are precepts against idolatry, which if practiced would lead men to great lengths in sin and rebellion, and result in the offering of human sacrifices. God would guard against the least approach to such abominations. The first four commandments were given to show men their duty to God. The fourth is the connecting link between the great God and?man. The Sabbath especially, was given for the benefit of man, and for the honor of God. These last six precepts show the duty of man to his fellow-man.?{3SG 266.8}[19]

§41 安息日要永远作为上帝和祂子民之间的记号。它作记号的方式是这样的——凡遵守安息日的人，就借此表明他们是敬拜创造天地的主永生上帝的。只要上帝还有一班子民在地上侍奉祂，安息日就要作为上帝和祂子民之间的记号。{3SG 267.1}[20]

§42 The Sabbath was to be a sign between God and his people forever. In this manner was it to be a sign—all who should observe the Sabbath signified by such observance that they were worshipers of the living God, the Creator of the Heavens and the earth. The Sabbath was to be a sign between God and his people as long as he should have a people upon the earth to serve him.?{3SG 267.1}[20]

§43 “众百姓见雷轰、闪电、角声、山上冒烟，就都发颤，远远的站立，对摩西说：求你和我们说话，我们必听，不要上帝和我们说话，恐怕我们死亡。摩西对百姓说：不要惧怕；因为上帝降临是要试验你们，叫你们时常敬畏祂，不至犯罪。于是百姓远远的站立；摩西就挨近上帝所在的幽暗之中。耶和华对摩西说：你要向以色列人这样说，你们自己看见我从天上和你们说话了”（出20:18-22）。上帝在西奈山的威严临格，和祂临格时所引起的地大震动，以及所配合的可怕雷轰与闪电，使民众在心中对祂的神圣威严留下了非常深刻的印象，以致他们本能地从上帝可畏的临格之前后退，以免他们承受不起祂那可怕的威荣。{3SG 267.2}[21]

§44 “And the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die. And Moses said unto the people, Fear not, for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not. And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. And the Lord said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from Heaven.” The majestic presence of God at Sinai, and the commotions in the earth occasioned by his presence, the fearful thundering and lightnings which accompanied this visitation of God, so impressed the minds of the people with fear?and reverence to his sacred majesty, that they instinctively drew back from the awful presence of God, lest they should not be able to endure his terrible glory.?{3SG 267.2}[21]

§45 上帝要再度防止以色列民陷入拜偶像的罪，祂对他们说：“你们不可做什么神像与我相配，不可为自己做金银的神像”（出20:23）。他们有效法埃及人的危险，以致为自己制作偶像来代表上帝。{3SG 268.1}[22]

§46 Again God would guard the children of Israel from idolatry. He said unto them, “Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.” They were in danger of imitating the example of the Egyptians, and making to themselves images to represent God.?{3SG 268.1}[22]

§47 耶和华对摩西说：“看哪，我差遣使者在你面前，在路上保护你，领你到我所预备的地方去。祂是奉我名来的，你们要在祂面前谨慎，听从祂的话，不可惹祂；因为祂必不赦免你们的过犯。你若实在听从祂的话，照着我一切所说的去行；我就向你的仇敌作仇敌，向你的敌人作敌人；我的使者要在你前面行，领你到亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、迦南人、希未人、耶布斯人那里去。我必将他们剪除。”那行在以色列人前面的使者乃是主耶稣基督。“你不可跪拜他们的神，不可事奉他，也不可效法他们的行为，却要把神像尽行拆毁，打碎他们的柱像。你们要事奉耶和华你们的上帝，祂必赐福与你的粮，与你的水；也必从你们中间除去疾病”（出23:20-23,24,25）。{3SG 268.2}[23]

§48 The Lord said to Moses, “Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions; for my name is in him. But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak, then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries. For mine angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I will cut them off.” The angel who went before Israel was the Lord Jesus Christ. “Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works; but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images. And ye shall serve the Lord your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.”?{3SG 268.2}[23]

§49 上帝要祂的子民明白，惟独祂应当作他们崇拜的对象；因此在他们胜过四周拜偶像的国家之后，他们也不可保留任何他们所拜的偶像，却要将其尽行销毁。这些异邦的神像多半是很贵重的，而且制作手艺精巧，可能引诱曾见过其盛行于埃及的拜偶像的人，以至对这无知无觉的东西存有崇拜之意。主希望祂的子民明白，祂之所以要用以色列人作为祂的工具、去刑罚这些国度并毁灭他们的神像，正因为这些国民由于拜偶像而导致种种的邪恶。{3SG 269.1}[24]

§50 God would have his people understand that he alone should be the object of their worship; and when they should overcome the idolatrous nations around them, they should not preserve any of the images of their worship, but utterly destroy them. Many of these heathen deities were very costly, and of beautiful workmanship, which might tempt those who had witnessed idol worship, so common in Egypt, to even regard these senseless objects with some degree of reverence. The Lord would have his people know that it was because of the idolatry of these nations, which had led them to every degree of wickedness, that he would use the Israelites as his instruments to punish them, and destroy their gods.?{3SG 269.1}[24]

§51 “凡你所到的地方，我要使那里的众民，在你面前惊骇、扰乱，又要使你一切仇敌，转背逃跑。我要打发黄蜂飞在你前面，把希未人，迦南人、赫人撵出去。我不在一年之内，将他们从你们面前撵出去；恐怕地成为荒凉，野地的兽多起来害你。我要渐渐的将他们从你面前撵出去，等到你的人数加多，承受那地为业。我要定你的境界，从红海直到非利士海，又从旷野直到大河；我要将那地的居民交在你手中，你要将他们从你面前撵出去。不可和他们并他们的神立约。他们不可住在你的地上，恐怕他们使你得罪我；你若事奉他们的神，这必成为你的网罗”（出23:27-33）。{3SG 269.2}[25]

§52 “I will send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee. By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. And I will set thy bounds from the Red Sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and thou shalt drive them out before thee. Thou shalt make no covenant?with them, nor with their gods. They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me; for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare unto thee.”?{3SG 269.2}[25]

§53 上帝所给祂子民的这些应许，乃是以他们的顺从为条件的。如果他们肯全心全意地侍奉主，祂必为他们施行大事。摩西从主领受了种种典章，和那些以顺从为条件的应许，并为民众写了下来之后，主对他说：“你和亚伦、拿答、亚比户、并以色列长老中的七十人，都要上到我这里来；远远的下拜。惟独你可以亲近耶和华；他们却不可亲近；百姓也不可和你一同上来。摩西下山，将耶和华的命令、典章，都述说与百姓听；众百姓齐声说：耶和华所吩咐的，我们都必遵行”（出24:1-3）。{3SG 270.1}[26]

§54 These promises of God to his people were on condition of their obedience. If they would serve the Lord fully, he would do great things for them. After Moses had received the judgments from the Lord, and had written them for the people, also the promises, on condition of obedience, the Lord said unto him, “Come up unto the Lord, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, and worship ye afar off. And Moses alone shall come near the Lord; but they shall not come nigh, neither shall the people go up with him. And Moses came and told the people all the words of the Lord, and all the judgments; and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the Lord hath said, will we do.”?{3SG 270.1}[26]

§55 摩西所写的不是十条诫命，而是上帝所要他们遵守的种种典章，以及那以他们顺从祂为条件的各项应许。他将这些话念给民众听了，他们也保证要遵守主所说的一切话。于是摩西将他们严肃的誓愿写在书中，并为民众向主献祭。“又将约书念给百姓听；他们说：耶和华所吩咐的，我们都必遵行。摩西将血洒在百姓身上，说：你看，这是立约的血，是耶和华按这一切话与你们立约的凭据”（出24:7-8）。民众重新向主郑重许愿，决心照祂所讲的一切话而行，并且顺从。{3SG 270.2}[27]

§56 Moses had written—not the ten commandments, but the judgments which God would have them observe, and the promises, on conditions that they would obey him. He read this to the people, and they pledged themselves to obey all the words which the Lord had said. Moses then wrote their solemn pledge in a book, and offered sacrifice unto God for the people. “And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people, and they said, All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. And Moses took?the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words.” The people repeated their solemn pledge to the Lord to obey all that he had said, and to be obedient.?{3SG 270.2}[27]

§57 摩西顺从了上帝的命令，带着亚伦、拿答、亚比户和协助他工作的以色列七十个最有影响力的长老上去，并将他们安置在可以看到上帝威严临格的地方，百姓则在山脚敬拜。“他们看见以色列的上帝，祂脚下仿佛有平铺的蓝宝石，如同天色明净。祂的手不加害在以色列的尊者身上。他们观看上帝；他们又吃又喝”（出24:10,11）。{3SG 271.1}[28]

§58 Moses obeyed the command of God, and took with him Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, with seventy of the most influential elders in Israel, who had assisted him in his work, and placed them at such distance that they might behold the majesty of the divine presence, while the people should worship at the foot of the mount. “And they saw the God of Israel, and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness. And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his hand. Also, they saw God, and did eat and drink.”?{3SG 271.1}[28]

§59 他们并没有看到上帝的本体，而只是看到环绕着祂的无法形容的荣耀。此前，他们要是观看这种神圣的荣耀，就会不能存活，因为他们还没有准备好。然而上帝权能的显示已使他们充满了敬畏，使他们为自己以往的过犯做成了悔改的工夫。他们敬爱上帝，也洁净了自己，并且在默想上帝伟大的荣耀、纯正和仁慈，直到他们能离祂更近，祂已是他们一切默想的主题。上帝已用厚云遮掩了祂的荣耀，以便百姓能观看。摩西带去的长老们的职责是帮助他带领以色列众民进入应许之地。这项工作意义重大，以致上帝屈尊把祂的灵赐给他们。祂尊重了他们，让他们更近地看到环绕着祂尊贵威严的荣耀，好使他们以智慧行事，在分配给他们的工作中尽自己的本分，指导主的百姓始终敬畏主，荣耀主。{3SG 271.2}[29]

§60 They did not behold the person of God, but only the inexpressible glory which surrounded him. Previous to this, had they looked upon such sacred glory, they could not have lived, for they were unprepared for it. But the exhibitions of God’s power had filled them with fear, which wrought in them repentance for their past transgressions. They loved and reverenced God, and had been purifying themselves, and contemplating his great glory, purity and mercy, until they could approach nearer him who had been the subject of all their meditations. God had enshrouded his glory with a thick cloud, so that the people could not behold?it. The office of the elders whom Moses took with him, was to aid him in leading the host of Israel to the promised land. This work was of such magnitude that God condescended to put his Spirit upon them. He honored them with a nearer view of the glory which surrounded his exalted majesty, that they might with wisdom act their part in the work assigned them of guiding his people with his fear and glory continually before them.?{3SG 271.2}[29]

§61 “耶和华对摩西说：‘你上山到我这里来，住在这里，我要将石版并我所写的律法和诫命赐给你，使你可以教训百姓。’摩西和他的帮手约书亚起来，上了上帝的山。摩西对长老说：‘你们在这里等着，等到我们再回来，有亚伦、户珥与你们同在。凡有争讼的，都可以就近他们去。’摩西上山，有云彩把山遮盖。耶和华的荣耀停于西乃山；云彩遮盖山六天，第七天他从云中召摩西。耶和华的荣耀在山顶上，在以色列人眼前，形状如烈火。摩西进入云中上山，在山上四十昼夜”（出24:12-18）。{3SG 272.1}[30]

§62 “And the Lord said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there, and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written, that thou mayest teach them. And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua; and Moses went up into the mount of God. And he said unto the elders, Tarry ye here for us, until we come again unto you; and, behold, Aaron and Hur are with you; if any man have any matters to do, let him come unto them. And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount. And the glory of the Lord abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days; and the seventh day he called unto Moses, out of the midst of the cloud. And the sight of the glory of the Lord was like devouring fire on the top of the mount, in the eyes of the children of Israel. And Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and gat him up into the mount; and Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights.”?{3SG 272.1}[30]

§63 就连摩西也不能立刻上山，因为他不能立刻离上帝很近而忍受得住祂荣耀的显现。他六天都在预备，好去见上帝。他必须放弃俗世的思想感情。他六天都在专心思想上帝，藉着默想和祈祷洁净自己，之后才能预备好与上帝交谈。{3SG 272.2}[31]

§64 Even Moses could not go at once up into?the mount, for he could not immediately approach so nigh unto God, and endure the exhibitions of his glory. Six days he was preparing to meet with God. His common thoughts and feelings must be put away. For six days he was devoting his thoughts to God, and sanctifying himself by meditation and prayer, before he could be prepared to converse with God.?{3SG 272.2}[31]

§65 主在赐给摩西关于圣所的指示之后，又就祂的安息日对摩西作出特别的指示。然后祂便从云中亲自用祂的圣手把两块石版交给摩西，其上有祂用自己的指头刻上的十条诫命。{3SG 273.1}[32]

§66 After the Lord had given Moses directions in regard to the sanctuary, he again gave him special instructions in regard to his Sabbath. And then he handed down from the cloud with his own divine hands the tables of stone to Moses, whereon he had engraven with his own finger the ten commandments.?{3SG 273.1}[32]

§67 然而当摩西领受上帝的特别指示时，以色列人却在山脚败坏了自己。“百姓见摩西迟延不下山，就大家聚集到亚伦那里，对他说：‘起来！为我们做神像，可以在我们前面引路；因为领我们出埃及地的那个摩西，我们不知道他遭了什么事。’亚伦对他们说：‘你们去摘下你们妻子、儿女耳上的金环，拿来给我。’百姓就都摘下他们耳上的金环，拿来给亚伦。亚伦从他们手里接过来，铸了一只牛犊，用雕刻的器具做成。他们就说：‘以色列啊，这是领你出埃及地的神。’亚伦看见，就在牛犊面前筑坛，且宣告说：‘明日要向耶和华守节。’次日清早，百姓起来献燔祭和平安祭，就坐下吃喝，起来玩耍”（出32:1-6）。{3SG 273.2}[33]

§68 But while Moses was receiving special instructions from God, the children of Israel were corrupting themselves at the foot of the mount. “And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden ear-rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me. And all the people brake off the golden ear-rings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron. And he received them at their hand, and fashioned?it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf. And they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it, and Aaron made proclamation, and said, Tomorrow is a feast to the Lord. And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt-offerings, and brought peace-offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.”?{3SG 273.2}[33]

§69 在这次可怕的违背上帝的行为中，与以色列人一同出埃及的闲杂人是主要的行动者。他们被称为闲杂人，是因为希伯来人曾与埃及人通婚。{3SG 274.1}[34]

§70 It was the mixed multitude who came from Egypt with the Israelites that were the principal movers in this dreadful departure from God. They were called a mixed multitude, because the Hebrews had intermarried with the Egyptians.?{3SG 274.1}[34]

§71 以色列人曾看见摩西上山，进入云中，当时山顶全在火焰中。他们天天等他回来，而当他没有照着他们所期待的那么快回来时，他们就变得不耐烦了。特别是与以色列人一同离开埃及的信了上帝的埃及人，他们又急躁又反叛。{3SG 274.2}[35]

§72 The children of Israel had seen Moses ascend up into the mount, and enter into the cloud while the top of the mountain was all in flames. They waited for his return every day, and as he did not come from the mount as soon as they expected he would, they became impatient. Especially were the believing Egyptians, who left Egypt with the Hebrew host, impatient and rebellious.?{3SG 274.2}[35]

§73 一大群人聚集在亚伦帐篷周围，告诉他说摩西绝不会回来了——因为从前一向引领他们的云彩，如今停留在山上，不会再引领他们经过旷野的行程了。他们希望有什么东西能看起来象上帝。埃及人的诸神既在他们心中，撒但就利用这个机会，当所指定给他们的领袖不在时，便引诱他们效法埃及人拜偶像。他们提出，要是摩西永远不回来，他们就能回到埃及去，把这个形像摆在埃及人面前，承认它为他们的神，藉以在埃及人面前蒙恩。{3SG 274.3}[36]

§74 A large company assembled around the tent of Aaron, and told him that Moses would never return—that the cloud which had hitherto led them now rested upon the mount, and would no longer direct their route through the wilderness. They desired something which they could look upon to resemble God. The gods of the Egyptians were in their minds, and?Satan was improving this opportunity, in the absence of their appointed leader, to tempt them to imitate the Egyptians in their idolatry. They suggested that if Moses should never return to them, they could return into Egypt, and find favor with the Egyptians, by bearing this image before them, acknowledging it as their god.{3SG 274.3}[36]

§75 亚伦反对他们的计划，但到他认为百姓已决心实现他们的目的，便不再与他们争论了。百姓的叫嚣使亚伦担心自己的性命。他没有勇敢地站起来尊荣上帝，并把自己的性命交在曾为祂的百姓行奇事的主手中，反而丧失了勇气和信靠上帝的心，胆怯地屈从了一班急躁之民的心愿，而这也是直接违反上帝命令的。他造了一个偶像，还筑了一座坛，在其上给这个偶像献了祭。亚伦竟听任百姓宣布说：“以色列啊，这是领你出埃及地的神。”这对耶和华是何等大的侮辱啊！他们最近才在神能极其壮观的显现中听到上帝在西奈山颁布律法，及至他们的信心因摩西离开他们几周而受了试验时，他们竟拜起偶像来，这是耶和华最近所明确禁止的。他们既这么做，就违背了第一和第二条诫命。上帝的怒气便向他们发作了。{3SG 275.1}[37]

§76 Aaron remonstrated against their plans, until he thought the people were determined to carry out their purpose, and he ceased his reasoning with them. The clamors of the people made Aaron afraid of his life. And instead of standing up nobly for the honor of God, and trusting his life in his hands who had wrought wonders for his people, he lost his courage, his trust in God, and cowardly yielded to the wishes of an impatient people, and this, too, in direct opposition to the commands of God. He made an idol, and built an altar whereon they offered sacrifice to this idol. And Aaron submitted to hear the people proclaim, “These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.” What an insult to Jehovah! They had recently listened to the proclamation of the law of God from Sinai, amid the most sublime demonstrations of divine power, and when their faith was tested, by Moses’ being from them for a few weeks, they engaged in idolatry which had been so recently specified, and expressly forbidden by Jehovah. By so doing they transgressed the first and second?commandments. God’s anger was kindled against them.?{3SG 275.1}[37]

§77 “耶和华吩咐摩西说：下去吧，因为你的百姓，就是你从埃及地领出来的，已经败坏了。他们快快偏离了我所吩咐的道，为自己铸了一只牛犊，向它下拜献祭，说：‘以色列啊，这就是领你出埃及地的神。’耶和华对摩西说：我看这百姓真是硬着颈项的百姓。你且由着我，我要向他们发烈怒，将他们灭绝，使你的后裔成为大国”（出32:7-10）。{3SG 276.1}[38]

§78 “And the Lord said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves. They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made them a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And the Lord said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people. Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them. And I will make of thee a great nation.”?{3SG 276.1}[38]

§79 上帝看到以色列人，尤其是那些闲杂人，不断地起意背叛，并用他们的行为激怒祂以至消灭他们。祂知道他们遇到困难就会向摩西发怨言，不断反叛，使他忧伤。祂向摩西提议要消灭他们，使他的后裔成为大国。主在这里考验了摩西。祂知道带领那班反叛的百姓进入应许之地是一项劳心费力的工作。祂要试验摩西的坚定忠实和对这样一班犯错和忘恩负义的百姓的爱心。但摩西不愿同意消灭以色列人。他向上帝求情，表明他更加重视上帝选民的兴盛而不是被称为一个比以色列更大的国家之父的大名。{3SG 276.2}[39]

§80 God saw that the children of Israel, especially the mixed multitude, were continually disposed to rebel, and, by their works, provoke him to destroy them. He knew that they would murmur against Moses when in difficulty, and grieve him by their continual rebellion. He proposed to Moses to consume them, and make of him a great nation. Here the Lord proved Moses. He knew that it was a laborious and soul-trying work to lead that rebellious people through to the promised land. He would test the perseverance, faithfulness and love of Moses, for such an erring and ungrateful people. But Moses would not consent to have Israel destroyed. He showed by his intercessions with God that he valued?more highly the prosperity of God’s chosen people than a great name, or to be called the father of a greater nation than was Israel.?{3SG 276.2}[39]

§81 摩西便恳求耶和华他的上帝说：“耶和华啊，祢为什么向祢的百姓发烈怒呢？这百姓是祢用大力和大能的手从埃及地领出来的。为什么使埃及人议论说‘祂领他们出去，是要降祸与他们，把他们杀在山中，将他们从地上除灭’？求祢转意，不发祢的烈怒，后悔，不降祸与祢的百姓。求祢记念祢的仆人亚伯拉罕、以撒、以色列。祢曾指着自己起誓说：‘我必使你们的后裔象天上的星那样多，并且我所应许的这全地，必给你们的后裔，他们要永远承受为业’”（出32:11-13）。{3SG 277.1}[40]

§82 “And Moses besought the Lord his God, and said, Lord, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand? Wherefore should the Egyptians speak and say, For mischief did he bring them out to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people. Remember Abraham, Isaac and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.”?{3SG 277.1}[40]

§83 摩西一想到外邦各国尤其是埃及人会向以色列人夸胜和羞辱上帝，就受不了。他不能放弃以色列人，尽管他们有这一切的反叛行为，再三向他发怨言。他怎能放弃这班百姓呢？主已为他们做了那么多的事，以那么奇妙的方式把他们带出了埃及。他们得救的消息已经传到列邦，人们都焦虑不安地注意着，要看上帝会为他们做什么事。摩西清楚地记得埃及人所说的话，说他把以色列人带到旷野是要消灭他们，好得到他们的财产。而今要是上帝消灭了祂的子民，并使他成为一个比以色列更大的国家之父，外邦人岂不要夸胜，并且嘲笑希伯来人的上帝，说祂不能把他们带到祂所应许给他们的地吗？当摩西在上帝面前替以色人说情时，他的胆怯因对那班百姓的深切关爱而消失了。为了他们，他已在上帝的手中成为工具，做了那么多的事。他把上帝曾向亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各所做的应许摆在祂面前，并用坚定的信心和坚决的意志祈求上帝。主听了摩西的恳求，尊重了他无私的祈祷，应许他存留以色列人的性命。{3SG 277.2}[41]

§84 The thought that the heathen nations, and especially the Egyptians, would triumph over Israel, and reproach God, was overwhelming to Moses. He could not let Israel go, notwithstanding all their rebellion, and their repeated murmurings against him. How could he give up a people for whom so much had been done, and who had in so wonderful a manner been brought out of Egypt. The news of their deliverance had been spread among all nations, and all people were anxiously watching to see what God would do for them. And Moses remembered well the words of the Egyptians, that he was leading?them into the wilderness that they might perish, and he receive their possessions. And now if God should destroy his people, and exalt him to be a greater nation than Israel, would not the heathen triumph, and deride the God of the Hebrews, and say that he was not able to lead them to the land he had promised them? As Moses interceded for Israel before God, his timidity was lost in his deep interest and love for that people for whom he had, in the hands of God, been the means of doing so much. He presented before God his promise made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He prayed to God with firm faith and determined purpose. The Lord listened to his pleadings and regarded his unselfish prayer, and promised Moses that he would spare Israel.?{3SG 277.2}[41]

§85 摩西勇敢地经受住了考验，显明他对以色列人的关心并不是要得到大名声，也不是要高抬自己。对上帝子民的负担在他身上。上帝考验了他，并对他的信实、他的心地单纯、和他在祂面前的正直感到满意，祂便把带领祂的子民直到应许之地的伟大责任交给他，如同交给一位忠心的牧人。{3SG 278.1}[42]

§86 Nobly did Moses stand the test, and show that his interest in Israel was not to obtain a great name, nor to exalt himself. The burden of God’s people was upon him. God had proved him, and was pleased with his faithfulness, his simplicity of heart, and integrity before him, and he committed to him, as to a faithful shepherd, the great charge of leading his people through to the promised land.?{3SG 278.1}[42]

§87 “摩西转身下山，手里拿着两块法版。这版是两面写的，这面那面都有字，是上帝的工作，字是上帝写的，刻在版上。约书亚一听见百姓呼喊的声音，就对摩西说：‘在营里有争战的声音。’摩西说：‘这不是人打胜仗的声音，也不是人打败仗的声音，我所听见的乃是人歌唱的声音。’摩西挨近营前，就看见牛犊，又看见人跳舞，便发烈怒，把两块版扔在山下摔碎了，又将他们所铸的牛犊用火焚烧，磨得粉碎，撒在水面上，叫以色列人喝”（出32:15-20）。{3SG 278.2}[43]

§88 “And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand. The tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. And the tables were the work of God, and the writing?was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp. And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome; but the noise of them that sing do I hear. And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing. And Moses’ anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount. And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strewed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.”?{3SG 278.2}[43]

§89 摩西一看到以色列人兴奋刺激地欢呼跳舞，效法埃及拜偶像的节期和拜偶像的人，那么不象对上帝的恭敬崇拜，便义愤填膺，情不自禁。他刚刚才从上帝荣颜之前而来，虽然上帝已预先警告他百姓败坏了自己，造了一个偶像并向它献祭，但他在一定程度上还是没准备好亲眼见到以色列人堕落的可怕表现。他在全然的灰心和盛怒中摔掉法版，因为以色列人在上帝面前犯了大罪。{3SG 279.1}[44]

§90 As Moses beheld the children of Israel shouting and dancing in an excited manner, in imitation of the idolatrous feasts and idol-worshipers of Egypt, so unlike the reverential worship of God, he was overwhelmed. He had just come from the presence of God’s glory, and although he had been warned of God that the people had corrupted themselves, had made an idol and had sacrificed to it, yet he was in a measure unprepared for the dreadful exhibition which he witnessed of the degradation of Israel. He threw down the tables of stone in utter discouragement and wrath, because of Israel’s great sin before God.?{3SG 279.1}[44]

§91 摩西把那只金牛犊焚烧，磨得粉碎，并且叫以色列人喝，是要向他们显明他们所敬拜的神是完全没有价值的——他们的神根本没有能力。人们可以把它丢在火中焚烧，把它磨成粉末并且喝了它而不会因此受到任何伤害。他问他们，他们怎么能指望这样的神救他们，向他们行好行歹。然后他向他们列举了他们曾亲眼看到的永生上帝的无限权能、荣耀和威严的表现。{3SG 279.2}[45]

§92 The act of Moses in burning the calf and grinding it to powder, and making them drink of it, was to show them the utter worthlessness?of the God which they had been worshiping—that their God had no power at all. Men could burn it in the fire, grind it to powder and drink it without receiving any injury therefrom. He asked them how then could they expect such a God to save them, or do them any good, or any evil? Then he rehearsed to them the exhibitions which they had witnessed of the unlimited power, glory, and majesty of the living God.?{3SG 279.2}[45]

§93 “那时，火焰烧山，你们听见从黑暗中出来的声音；你们支派中所有的首领和长老都来就近我，说：‘看哪，耶和华我们上帝将祂的荣光和祂的大能显给我们看，我们又听见祂的声音从火中出来。今日我们得见上帝与人说话，人还存活。现在这大火将要烧灭我们，我们何必冒死呢？若再听见耶和华我们上帝的声音就必死亡。凡属血气的，曾有何人听见永生上帝的声音从火中出来，象我们听见还能存活呢？求你近前去，听耶和华我们上帝所要说的一切话，将祂对你说的话都传给我们，我们就听从遵行。’你们对我说的话，耶和华都听见了。耶和华对我说：‘这百姓的话我听见了；他们所说的都是。惟愿他们存这样的心敬畏我，常遵守我的一切诫命，使他们和他们的子孙永远得福’”（申5:23-29）！{3SG 280.1}[46]

§94 “And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the darkness, (for the mountain did burn with fire,) that ye came near unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders. And ye said, Behold, the Lord our God hath shewed us his glory and his greatness, and we have heard his voice out of the midst of the fire. We have seen this day that God doth talk with man, and he liveth. Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us. If we hear the voice of the Lord our God any more, then we shall die. For who is there of all flesh that hath heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as we have, and lived? Go thou near, and hear all that the Lord our God shall say; and speak thou unto us all that the Lord our God shall speak unto thee, and we shall hear it, and do it. And the Lord heard the voice of your words, when ye spake unto me. And the Lord said unto me, I have heard the voice of the words of this people, which they have spoken unto thee?They have well said all that they have spoken. Oh, that there were such an heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children forever!”?{3SG 280.1}[46]

§95 然后摩西便把他们的可耻行为摆在他们面前——他们竟然敬拜人手所造的牛犊，而不是真诚地向永生的上帝献祭。他向他们指出摔碎了的法版，对他们来说，那代表他们已违背了最近刚与上帝立的约。上帝并没有因摔碎法版而责备摩西；而是对亚伦很生气，因为亚伦犯了罪，要不是因为摩西特别为亚伦求情，主就会灭了亚伦。摩西问亚伦：这百姓向你做了什么？你竟使他们陷在大罪里（出32:21）！{3SG 281.1}[47]

§96 Moses then presented before them their disgraceful conduct in worshiping a calf, the work of man, in the place of offering sincere devotion to the living God. He pointed them to the broken tables of stone, which represented to them, that thus had they broken the covenant which they had so recently made with God. God did not reprove Moses for breaking the tables of stone; but was very angry with Aaron because of his sin, and he would have destroyed him had it not been for the special intercessions of Moses in his behalf. Moses inquired of Aaron, What did this people unto thee that thou hast brought this great sin upon them??{3SG 281.1}[47]

§97 亚伦尽力为自己的罪开脱，对摩西述说百姓的喧嚣吵闹——他若不答应他们的要求，就会被他们杀害。亚伦说：“求我主不要发烈怒。这百姓专于作恶，是你知道的。他们对我说：‘你为我们做神像，可以在我们前面引路；因为领我们出埃及地的那个摩西，我们不知道他遭了什么事。’我对他们说：‘凡有金环的可以摘下来’，他们就给了我。我把金环扔在火中，这牛犊便出来了”（出32:22-24）。他想叫摩西相信这是出于一个神迹——金子一丢在火中，便有某种不可思议的能力把它变成了牛犊。这是要在摩西眼中减轻他的罪责，使得他允许百姓给所造的牛犊献祭并宣称“以色列啊，这就是领你出埃及地的神”显得似乎有情可原。{3SG 281.2}[48]

§98 Aaron endeavored to excuse his sin, and related to Moses the clamors of the people—that if he had not complied with their wishes they would have killed him. “And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my Lord wax hot. Thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief. For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it off. So they gave it me; then I cast it into the fire, and there came?out this calf.” He would have Moses think that a miracle was performed—that the gold was cast into the fire, and by some miraculous power it was changed to a calf. This was to lessen his guilt in the eyes of Moses, and cause it to appear that he had a plausible excuse for permitting the people to sacrifice to it, and to proclaim, “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.”?{3SG 281.2}[48]

§99 摩西斥责了亚伦，并且告诉他，他的行为该受严厉的谴责，因为他曾比百姓蒙受更大的福气，得以与上帝亲密交谈。亚伦竟会犯这么大的罪，即使是为了保命，对忠心的摩西来说也是很震惊的事。他看到百姓身上没有了饰物；就是说，他们拿掉了自己的饰物；因为亚伦纵容他们，使他们在仇敌中间被讥刺。他曾拿掉他们的饰物，用于可耻的用途。他们不仅失去了自己的饰物，而且丧失了对撒但的防御，因为他们已经丧失了对上帝的虔诚和献身；也丧失了祂的保护。祂已在恼怒中撤掉了扶持的手，他们便被撇下遭受敌人的轻视和欺压。他们的敌人们很熟悉摩西的手在埃及所行的奇事。他们也知道摩西曾把他们带出埃及，遵照希伯来人的上帝的命令除掉他们的偶像崇拜，使他们专心爱祂，惟独向祂献上神圣的崇拜。{3SG 282.1}[49]

§100 Moses rebuked Aaron, and informed him that his conduct was highly censurable; for he had been blessed above the people, and had been admitted into close converse with God. That he should commit so great a sin, even to save his life, was a matter of astonishment to faithful Moses. He saw that the people were naked; that is, were stripped of their ornaments; for Aaron had made them naked to their shame, among their enemies. He had deprived them of their ornaments, and put them to a shameful use. They had not merely lost their ornaments, but they were divested of their defense against Satan, for they had lost their piety and consecration to God; and had forfeited his protection. He had in his displeasure removed his sustaining hand, and they were left exposed to the contempt and power of their enemies. Their enemies were well acquainted with the wonderful works performed by the hand of Moses in Egypt. And they knew that Moses had brought them from Egypt, in obedience to the command of the God of the Hebrews, to rid them of idolatry,?and to secure to himself their undivided affections, and their sacred worship.?{3SG 282.1}[49]

§101 以色列人背弃了对上帝的效忠，祂若看为合适，就会照着他们所该受的惩罚他们。摩西“就站在营门中，说：‘凡属耶和华的，都要到我这里来！’于是利未的子孙都到他那里聚集。他对他们说：耶和华以色列的上帝这样说：‘你们各人把刀跨在腰间，在营中往来，从这门到那门，各人杀他的弟兄与同伴并邻舍。’利未的子孙照摩西的话行了。那一天百姓中被杀的约有三千。摩西说：‘今天你们要自洁，归耶和华为圣，各人攻击他的儿子和弟兄，使耶和华赐福与你们’”（出32:26-29）。{3SG 283.1}[50]

§102 The children of Israel had broken their allegiance with God, and if he should see fit he would punish them as they deserved. “Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord’s side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him. And he said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor. And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother, that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day.”?{3SG 283.1}[50]

§103 摩西要求凡没有参加这一拜偶像大罪的人都来站在他右边；还要求那些虽然参加了叛乱，拜了这个偶像，却已悔改了自己这么快就背离了上帝的罪的人站在他左边。有相当大的一群人，主要是那些闲杂人，他们鼓动了造牛犊的事，依然顽梗反叛，不愿和摩西站在一起，无论是左边还是右边。摩西就吩咐他右边的人拿刀去杀那些坚持叛逆、想回埃及去的人。惟有那些没有参加偶像崇拜的人才能执行上帝对犯罪之人的刑罚。摩西吩咐他们不要顾惜弟兄、伴侣或邻舍的关系。那些从事这次杀灭工作的人，虽然感到痛苦，如今却认识到他们是在对自己的弟兄们执行上帝的严肃惩罚。而且因为执行有悖于他们自己情感的这一可怕的任务，上帝会赐福给他们。他们因这个行为而显明了自己对拜偶像大罪的真实情绪，并且更加充分地献身于对独一的真神上帝的庄严敬拜。来自主的恐怖临到众人身上，他们担心自己都会被杀灭。摩西见到他们的急难痛苦，便答应照着他们的恳求去请求上帝饶恕他们的大罪。{3SG 283.2}[51]

§104 Moses requested all who had been free from this great sin of idolatry to come and stand by him at his right hand; also, those who had joined the rebellious in worshiping this idol, but who had repented of their sin in so quickly departing from God, to stand at his left hand. There was quite a large company, mostly of the mixed multitude, who instigated the making of the calf who were stubborn in their rebellion, and would not stand with Moses, either at his right hand or at his left.?Moses then commanded those at his right hand to take their swords, and go forth and slay the rebellious, who wished to go back into Egypt. None were to execute the judgment of God on the transgressors only those who had taken no part in the idolatry. He commanded them to spare neither brother, companion, nor neighbor. Those who engaged in this work of slaying, however painful, were now to realize that they were executing upon their brethren a solemn punishment from God. And for executing this painful work, contrary to their own feelings, God would bestow upon them his blessing. By performing this act they showed their true feelings relative to the high crime of idolatry, and consecrated themselves more fully to the sacred worship of the only true God. The terror of the Lord was upon the people, and they were afraid that they would all be destroyed. As Moses saw their distress he promised according to their earnest request to plead with the Lord to pardon their great sin.?{3SG 283.2}[51]

§105 “到了第二天，摩西对百姓说：‘你们犯了大罪。我如今要上耶和华那里去，或者可以为你们赎罪。’摩西回到耶和华那里，说：‘唉！这百姓犯了大罪，为自己做了金像。倘或你肯赦免他们的罪，……不然，求你从你所写的册上涂抹我的名。’耶和华对摩西说：‘谁得罪我，我就从我的册上涂抹谁的名。现在你去领这百姓，往我所告诉你的地方去，我的使者必在你前面引路；只是到我追讨的日子，我必追讨他们的罪。’耶和华杀百姓的缘故是因他们同亚伦做了牛犊”（出32:30-35）。{3SG 284.1}[52]

§106 “And it came to pass on the morrow that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin, and now I will go up unto the Lord, peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin. And Moses returned unto the Lord, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold. Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written. And the Lord said unto[52]

§107 摩西显出了他对百姓的大爱，向主恳求赦免他们的罪，否则就求主从祂所写的册上涂抹他的名。他在这里的代求反映了基督对堕落人类的爱和中保工作。主不肯让摩西为祂背道子民的罪而受苦。祂向他宣布，谁得罪祂，祂就从祂的册上涂抹谁的名；因为义人不应为罪人的罪行而受苦。这里提到的册子是天上的记录册，每一个人的名字都记在上面，还有他们的行为、罪恶与顺从都如实地记录着。若有什么人犯的罪太严重，以致主不能赦免，他们的名字就会从册子上被涂抹，他们就注定要灭亡了。尽管摩西认识到那些名字从上帝的册子上被涂抹之人的可怕命运，但他还是在上帝面前明白地表示，要是他犯错的以色列同胞的名字将被涂抹，主永远不再记念他们，他希望自己的名字与他们的名字一同被涂抹。他为他决受不了看到上帝的盛怒临到祂已为之行了那么多奇事的子民身上。{3SG 285.1}[53]

§108 Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book. Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee. Behold, mine Angel shall go before thee. Nevertheless, in the day when I visit, I will visit their sin upon them. And the Lord plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.”?{3SG 284.1}[53]

§109 “耶和华吩咐摩西说：我曾起誓应许亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各说：‘要将迦南地赐给你的后裔。’现在你和你从埃及地所领出来的百姓，要从这里往那地去。我要差遣使者在你前面，撵出迦南人、亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人，领你到那流奶与蜜之地。我自己不同你们上去；因为你们是硬着颈项的百姓，恐怕我在路上把你们灭绝。百姓听见这凶信就悲哀，也没有人佩戴妆饰。耶和华对摩西说：你告诉以色列人说：‘耶和华说：你们是硬着颈项的百姓，我若一霎时临到你们中间，必灭绝你们。现在你们要把身上的妆饰摘下来，使我可以知道怎样待你们。’以色列人从住何烈山以后，就把身上的妆饰摘得干净。摩西素常将帐棚支搭在营外，离营却远，他称这帐棚为会幕。凡求问耶和华的，就到营外的会幕那里去”（出33:1-7）。{3SG 286.1}[54]

§110 Moses manifested his great love for the people in his entreaty to the Lord to forgive their sin, or blot his name out of the book which he had written. His intercessions here illustrate Christ’s love and mediation for the sinful race. The Lord refused to let Moses suffer for the sins of his backsliding people. He declared to him that those who had sinned against him, would he blot out of his book which he had written; for the righteous should not suffer for the guilt of the sinner. The book here referred to is the book of records in Heaven, where every name is recorded, and their acts, their sins, and obedience are faithfully written. When any one commits sins which are too grievous for the Lord to pardon, their names are erased from the book, and they are devoted to destruction. Although Moses realized the dreadful fate of those whose names should be dropped from the book of God, yet he plainly declared before God that if the names of his erring Israel should be blotted out, and be no more remembered by him for good, he wished his?name to be blotted out with theirs’. For he could never endure to see the fullness of his wrath come upon the people for whom he had wrought such wonders.?{3SG 285.1}[54]

§111 这里提到的会幕是为敬拜上帝而临时搭建的帐棚。上帝赐给摩西的那个样式的帐幕还没有建造。{3SG 287.1}[55]

§112 “And the Lord said unto Moses, Depart, and go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it. And I will send an Angel before thee, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. Unto a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiff-necked people, lest I consume thee in the way. And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned. And no man did put on him his ornaments. For the Lord had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiff-necked people. I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee; therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee. And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb. And Moses took the tabernacle and pitched it without the camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass that every one which sought the Lord, went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was without the camp.”?{3SG 286.1}[55]

§113 凡诚心悔罪的人都在这个会幕里向上帝恳求，以极大的谦卑承认自己的罪，然后回到自己的帐篷去。那时摩西进入会幕。百姓以最深刻的兴趣观望着，看上帝是否愿意接受摩西为他们所做的代求，是否屈尊来会见摩西，然后他们才会有希望不至被全部消灭。当云柱停留在会幕门口时，众民都喜极而泣，各人在自己帐棚的门口起身敬拜。他们谦卑地面伏于地下拜。当上帝临格的记号——云柱——继续停留在会幕门口时，他们知道摩西正在为他们的利益而在上帝面前恳求。“耶和华与摩西面对面说话，好像人与朋友说话一般”（出33:11）。{3SG 287.2}[56]

§114 The tabernacle here mentioned was a temporary tent arranged for the worship of God. The tabernacle, the pattern of which God gave to Moses, had not yet been built.?{3SG 287.1}[56]

§115 摩西对耶和华说：“祢吩咐我说：‘将这百姓领上去’，却没有叫我知道祢要打发谁与我同去，只说：‘我按你的名认识你，你在我眼前也蒙了恩。’我如今若在祢眼前蒙恩，求祢将祢的道指示我，使我可以认识祢，好在祢眼前蒙恩。求祢想到这民是祢的民”（出33:12,13）。摩西很急迫，希望主向他显明祂想让他对以色列人采取什么方针。他希望上帝规划出他的路线，使他给以色列人的指示可以很有智慧，以致百姓会接受他的教导，他们的行为可蒙上帝嘉许，祂会再次认他们为祂的子民。{3SG 287.3}[57]

§116 All who sincerely repented of their sins made supplication unto God in the tabernacle, confessing their sins with great humility, and then returned again to their tents. Then Moses went into the tabernacle. The people watched with the deepest interest to see if God would accept his intercessions in their behalf, and if he condescended to meet with Moses, then they might hope that they should not be utterly consumed. When the cloudy pillar descended and stood at the door of the tabernacle, then all the people wept for joy, and rose up and worshiped, every man in his tent door. They bowed themselves upon their faces to the earth in humility. As the pillar of cloud, a token of God’s presence, continued to rest at the door of the tabernacle, they knew that Moses was pleading in their behalf before God. “And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.”?{3SG 287.2}[57]

§117 主回答了摩西焦急的询问，说：“‘我必亲自和你同去，使你得安息。’摩西说：‘祢若不亲自和我同去，就不要把我们从这里领上去。人在何事上得以知道我和祢的百姓在祢眼前蒙恩呢？岂不是因祢与我们同去、使我和祢的百姓与地上的万民有分别吗’”（出33:14-16）。他向上帝恳求，要知道祂若不象从前一样让祂同在的记号停留在会幕上，他和祂的百姓怎样才能知道他们在祂眼前蒙恩。摩西不愿停止向上帝恳求，直到得到保证，祂同在的记号仍会停留在会幕上，祂仍会日间用云柱、夜间用火柱来指引他们的行程。这样摩西才能更加容易地执行带领百姓的艰苦任务；因为这个记号会不断使他们想起永生的上帝，也会向他们保证祂神圣的同在。这样他才能更加容易地影响百姓采取正确的行动，因为他能向他们指出上帝离他们很近的证据。{3SG 288.1}[58]

§118 “And Moses said unto the Lord, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people; and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight. Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, show me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight, and consider that this?nation is thy people.” Moses was very urgent that the Lord should show him just the course which he would have him pursue toward Israel. He wished to have God mark out his course, that his instructions to Israel might be with such wisdom that the people would receive his teachings, and their course be approved of God, and that he would again consider them as his people.?{3SG 287.3}[58]

§119 主同意了祂仆人的恳求。耶和华对摩西说：“‘你这所求的我也要行；因为你在我眼前蒙了恩，并且我按你的名认识你。’摩西说：‘求祢显出祢的荣耀给我看。’耶和华说：‘我要显我一切的恩慈，在你面前经过，宣告我的名。我要恩待谁就恩待谁；要怜悯谁就怜悯谁’；又说：‘你不能看见我的面，因为人见我的面不能存活。’耶和华说：‘看哪，在我这里有地方，你要站在磐石上。我的荣耀经过的时候，我必将你放在磐石穴中，用我的手遮掩你，等我过去，然后我要将我的手收回，你就得见我的背，却不得见我的面’”（出33:17-23）。{3SG 289.1}[59]

§120 The Lord answered Moses’ anxious inquiry, and said, “My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest. And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence. For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? Is it not in that thou goest with us? So shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth.” He plead with God to know how it should be known that he and his people had found grace in his sight, if he did not let the token of his presence rest upon the tabernacle as formerly. Moses was not willing to cease his entreaties with God until he should obtain the assurance that the token of his presence would still rest upon the tabernacle as it had done, and that he would continue to direct their journeyings by a pillar of cloud by day, and a pillar of fire by night. Then could Moses the more easily perform his laborious task in leading the people; for this token would be continually reminding them of the living God, and would also be an assurance to?them of his divine presence. Then he could the more easily influence the people to right actions, as he could point them to the evidence of the nearness of God to them.?{3SG 288.1}[59]

§121 此前堕落的人类从未象这样蒙上帝恩待。当祂把带领祂的子民直到应许之地的伟大工作摆在摩西面前时，祂竟屈尊把祂的荣耀显给他看，祂从未对地上其他的任何人做过这样的事。{3SG 289.2}[60]

§122 The Lord granted the earnest entreaty of his servant. “And the Lord said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken; for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name. And he said, I beseech thee, show me thy glory. And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the Lord before thee, and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy. And he said, Thou canst not see my face; for there shall no man see me, and live. And the Lord said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock. And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a cleft of the rock; and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by. And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts; but my face shall not be seen.”?{3SG 289.1}[60]

§123 耶和华吩咐摩西说：“你要凿出两块石版，和先前你摔碎的那版一样；其上的字我要写在这版上。明日早晨，你要预备好了，上西乃山，在山顶上站在我面前。谁也不可和你一同上去，遍山都不可有人，在山根也不可叫羊群牛群吃草”（出34:1-3）。{3SG 289.3}[61]

§124 Never before was fallen man thus favored of God. As he laid upon Moses the great work of leading his people through to the promised land, he condescended to manifest to him his glory as he never had to any others upon the earth.?{3SG 289.2}[61]

§125 由于他们近来的犯罪，主不许山上有人，免得祂的荣耀消灭他们。这会使众人都明白上帝如何看待违反祂诫命的行为。既然人们不能观看祂再次写祂的律法时第二次在西奈山显现时的荣耀，已践踏上帝权威的恶人在面对违背了其律法的伟大的立法者时，又怎能忍受得了祂极强烈的荣耀呢？{3SG 290.1}[62]

§126 “And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and I will write upon these tables the words which?were in the first tables which thou brakest. And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount. And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount, neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount.”?{3SG 289.3}[62]

§127 “摩西就凿出两块石版，和先前的一样。清晨起来，照耶和华所吩咐的上西乃山去，手里拿着两块石版。耶和华在云中降临，和摩西一同站在那里，宣告耶和华的名。耶和华在他面前宣告说：‘耶和华，耶和华，是有怜悯有恩典的上帝，不轻易发怒，并有丰盛的慈爱和诚实，为千万人存留慈爱，赦免罪孽、过犯和罪恶，万不以有罪的为无罪，必追讨他的罪，自父及子，直到三、四代’”（出34:4-7）。{3SG 290.2}[63]

§128 The Lord forbade any man being seen throughout the mount, because of their recent transgression, lest his glory should consume them. This will give all to understand how God regards the transgression of his commandments. If the people could not look upon his glory, which appeared upon Sinai the second time, as he again wrote his law, how will the wicked, who have trampled upon the authority of God, bear his burning glory as they meet the great Lawgiver over his broken law??{3SG 290.1}[63]

§129 上帝发出这个警告的意思并不是说儿女应该因父母的罪受苦，而是说儿女会效法父母的榜样。邪恶父母的儿女若是侍奉上帝并且行义，祂就会奖赏他们的义行。然而有罪人生的结果往往由儿女继承。他们随从父母的脚踪。罪恶榜样的影响从父传到子，再传到第三代和第四代。父母若放纵堕落的食欲，几乎在所有的情况下儿女也都会这样。儿女会逐步显出与父母相似的品格；他们若不被恩典更新，并且得胜，就真的不幸。父母若是不断反叛，违背上帝，儿女一般都会效法他们的榜样。虔诚的父母藉着言传身教指示儿女公义的道路，通常会见到儿女跟从他们的脚踪行。敬畏上帝之父母的榜样会得到儿女效法，他们儿女的儿女也会效法自己父母为他们树立的榜样，父母的影响就这样代代相传了。{3SG 291.1}[64]

§130 “And he hewed two tables of stone, like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone. And the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the Lord. And the Lord passed by before him and proclaimed, The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty,?visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.”?{3SG 290.2}[64]

§131 主既使摩西心中对祂的良善、仁慈和怜悯有了深刻清晰的认识，摩西便喜不自胜，这使他以深深的敬畏崇拜上帝。他恳求主赦免祂子民的罪孽，接受他们为祂的产业。于是上帝恩慈地应许摩西，祂要在全以色列人面前立约，好为祂的子民行大事，祂还要向列邦证明祂特别关爱他们。{3SG 291.2}[65]

§132 God did not mean in this threatening that the children should be compelled to suffer for their parents’ sins, but that the example of the parents would be imitated by the children. If the children of wicked parents should serve God and do righteousness, he would reward their right-doing. But the effects of a sinful life are often inherited by the children. They follow in the footsteps of their parents. Sinful example has its influence from father to son to the third and fourth generation. If parents indulge in depraved appetites, they will in almost every case see the same acted over in their children. The children will develop characters similar to their parents’; and unless they are renewed by grace, and overcome, they are truly unfortunate. If parents are continually rebellious, and inclined to disobey God, their children will generally imitate their example. Godly parents, who instruct their children by precept and example in the ways of righteousness, will generally see their children following in their footsteps. The example of God-fearing parents will be imitated by their children, and their children’s children will imitate the right example their parents have set before them, and thus the influence is seen from generation to generation.?{3SG 291.1}[65]

§133 然后上帝告诫摩西，他们无论去哪里，都不要与那地的居民立约，免得他们因此陷入网罗。他们却要拆毁他们拜偶像的祭坛，打碎他们的柱像，砍下他们的木偶，就是他们所献给他们偶像的东西，人们在那里聚集举行他们拜偶像的节期，用来尊荣他们的假神。然后祂对他们说：“不可敬拜别神；因为耶和华是忌邪的上帝，名为忌邪者”（出34:14）。上帝照着祂应得的要求至高的敬拜。祂就祂的安息日作出了特别的指示。“你六日要做工，第七日要安息，虽在耕种收割的时候也要安息”（出34:21）。主知道撒但不断在作工，要诱导祂的子民违背上帝的律法，祂便屈尊非常明确地指示祂犯错的子民，免得他们犯错，因缺乏知识而违背祂的诫命。祂知道在一年中最忙碌的季节，当他们收获果实和庄稼的时候，他们会受试探去违背安息日，在神圣的时间工作。祂希望他们明白，他们的福气会按照他们心灵的纯正或对祂侍奉的不忠而增加或减少。{3SG 292.1}[66]

§134 As the Lord impressed upon the heart of Moses a clear sense of his goodness, his?mercy and compassion, he was filled with transports of joy, which led him to worship God with profound reverence. He entreated that the Lord would pardon the iniquity of his people, and take them for his inheritance. Then God graciously promised Moses that he would make a covenant before all Israel to do great things for his people, and that he would evidence to all nations his special care and love for them.?{3SG 291.2}[66]

§135 上帝如今对于祂安息日的要求并不比祂对以色列人的要求更低。祂监察祂一切的子民，和他们手所做的一切工作。祂不会不看到那些在祂的安息日忙着干活，把属于祂的时间用于己用的人。有些自称守安息日的人会干犯安息日，做那些本应在安息日之前做完的事。这种人或许以为自己得了一点点时间，但他们不但不会因抢夺上帝所保留归祂自己的神圣光阴而得益，反而会受损。主必使他们受苦，因他们违背了第四诫，而且他们藉着干犯安息日所以为得到的那点时间，也会证明对他们来说是一个咒诅。上帝使人兴旺的手若收回，就会使他们拥有的一切都减少，而不是增多。上帝必定刑罚犯罪的人。尽管祂可能会暂时容忍他们，但祂的刑罚必突然来到。这种人不一定会认识到惩罚是来自上帝的。祂是一位忌邪的上帝，要求人衷心的侍奉和完全顺从祂一切的诫命。{3SG 293.1}[67]

§136 God then charged Moses to make no covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither they should go, lest they should be insnared thereby. But they should destroy their idol altars, break their images, and cut down their groves, which were dedicated to their idols, and where the people assembled to hold their idolatrous feasts, given in honor of their idol gods. He then said to them, “Thou shalt worship no other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.” God claims, as his due, supreme worship. He gave special directions in regard to his Sabbath. “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest. In earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.” The Lord knows that Satan is continually at work to lead his people to transgress the law of God, and he condescended to be very definite in his directions to his erring people, that they might not err, and transgress his commandments for want of knowledge. He knew that in the busiest season of the year, when their fruits and grains?were to be secured, they would be tempted to transgress the Sabbath, and labor on sacred time. He would have them understand that their blessings would be increased or diminished according to their integrity of soul, or unfaithfulness in his service.?{3SG 292.1}[67]

§137 “摩西手里拿着两块法版下西乃山的时候，不知道自己的面皮因耶和华和他说话就发了光。亚伦和以色列众人看见摩西的面皮发光就怕挨近他。摩西叫他们来；于是亚伦和会众的官长都到他那里去，摩西就与他们说话。随后以色列众人都近前来，他就把耶和华在西奈山与他所说的一切话都吩咐他们。摩西与他们说完了话就用帕子蒙上脸。但摩西进到耶和华面前与祂说话就揭去帕子，及至出来的时候便将耶和华所吩咐的告诉以色列人。以色列人看见摩西的面皮发光。摩西又用帕子蒙上脸，等到他进去与耶和华说话就揭去帕子”（出34:29-35）。{3SG 294.1}[68]

§138 God is no less particular now in regard to his Sabbath than when he made this requirement of the children of Israel. His eyes is upon all his people, and over all the works of their hands. He will not pass by unnoticed those who crowd upon his Sabbath, and employ time for their own use which belongs to him. Some professed Sabbath-keepers will intrude upon the Sabbath in doing those things which should have been done previous to the Sabbath. Such may think that they gain a little time, but instead of being advantaged by robbing God of holy time, which he has reserved to himself, they will lose. The Lord will afflict them for their transgression of the fourth commandment, and that time they thought to gain, by intruding upon the Sabbath, will prove to them a curse. God’s prospering hand withdrawn will cause a decrease in all of their possessions, instead of an increase. God will surely punish the transgressor. Although he may bear with him for a while, his punishment may come suddenly. Such do not always realize that judgments are from God. He is a jealous God, and requires heart service and perfect obedience to all his commandments.?{3SG 293.1}[68]

§139 那些践踏上帝的权威，公开蔑视在西奈山严肃颁布的律法的人，实际上就是蔑视立法者伟大的耶和华。以色列人违背了第一和第二条诫命，便受命不可靠近那山，免得他们被上帝临格的极强荣耀所消灭，因为祂要在荣耀中降在那里，第二次把律法写在石版上。摩西因与上帝交谈而面带荣耀，既然他们因摩西面上的荣光连摩西都不能看，当上帝的儿子在祂父的荣耀中由众天军环绕着驾天云显现，要在一切漠视上帝诫命并践踏了祂宝血的人身上执行审判时，违背上帝律法的人就更不敢看祂了！{3SG 294.2}[69]

§140 “And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him. And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to come nigh him. And Moses called unto them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him, and Moses talked with them. And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh, and he gave them in commandment all that the Lord had spoken with him in mount Sinai. And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face. But when Moses went in before the Lord, to speak with him, he took the vail off, until he came out. And he came out, and spake unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded. And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone; and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak with him.”?{3SG 294.1}[69]

§141 上帝的律法在人类受造之前就已经存在了。天使都受这律法的管束。撒但之所以堕落，乃是因为他违背了上帝政权的原则。在亚当夏娃受造之后，上帝便向他们传讲祂的律法。那时律法不是写下来的，而是耶和华向他们宣讲的。{3SG 295.1}[70]

§142 Those who trample upon God’s authority, and show open contempt to the law given in such grandeur at Sinai, virtually despise the Lawgiver, the great Jehovah. The children of Israel, who transgressed the first and second commandments, were charged not to be seen anywhere near the mount, where God was to descend in glory to write the law a second time upon tables of stone, lest they should be?consumed with the burning glory of his presence. And if they could not even look upon the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance, because he had been communing with God, how much less can the transgressors of God’s law look upon the Son of God when he shall appear in the clouds of heaven in the glory of his Father, surrounded by all the angelic host, to execute judgment upon all who have disregarded the commandments of God, and have trodden under foot his blood!?{3SG 294.2}[70]

§143 第四诫的安息日乃是在伊甸园中设立的。上帝在创造世界并在其上创造人类之后，祂便为人类设立了安息日。在亚当犯罪堕落之后，上帝的律法并未作丝毫的删改。十条诫命的原则在人类堕落之前早已存在，而且它的性质是适合于人类圣洁情况的。在人类堕落之后，这些条例的原则并没有改变，只是颁布了附加的条例来应付人类堕落的状况。{3SG 295.2}[71]

§144 The law of God existed before man was created. The angels were governed by it. Satan fell because he transgressed the principles of God’s government. After Adam and Eve were created, God made known to them his law. It was not then written, but was rehearsed to them by Jehovah.?{3SG 295.1}[71]

§145 那时需要奉献祭牲的制度也建立了，为要使堕落的人类常常记起那蛇使夏娃变成不信的是什么，及记住违命的刑罚便是死亡。因违背上帝的律法，致使基督不得不作牺牲而死，借此一面为人类打开一条逃脱刑罚的出路，而同时仍得以保持对上帝律法的尊重。献祭的制度乃是教训人鉴于自己堕落的状态而谦虚自卑，并导使悔改、及借着那应许的救赎主而专一信靠上帝赦免过去违背祂律法的罪。如果上帝的律法未曾被违犯，就绝不致有死亡，而也就不需要附加的条例来适应人堕落的状况了。{3SG 295.3}[72]

§146 The Sabbath of the fourth commandment was instituted in Eden. After God had made the world, and created man upon the earth, he made the Sabbath for man. After Adam’s sin and fall nothing was taken from the law of God. The principles of the ten commandments existed before the fall, and were of a character suited to the condition of a holy order of beings. After the fall, the principles of those precepts were not changed, but additional precepts were given to meet man in his fallen state.?{3SG 295.2}[72]

§147 亚当曾将上帝的律法教导他的子孙，这律法也曾世代相传给忠心的人。由于人不断地违犯上帝的律法，致使洪水临到地上。那时这律法乃是由挪亚和他全家保存的；他们是因行义而靠上帝的神迹，在方舟中得蒙拯救的。挪亚将十诫教导他的子孙。主从亚当一直到现代，已为自己保留一班心中藏有祂律法的子民，祂论到亚伯拉罕说：他“听从我的话，遵守我的吩咐，和我的命令、律例、法度”（创26: 5）。{3SG 296.1}[73]

§148 A system was then established requiring the sacrificing of beasts to keep before fallen man that which the serpent made Eve?disbelieve, that the penalty of disobedience is death. The transgression of God’s law made it necessary for Christ to die a sacrifice, and thus make a way possible for man to escape the penalty, and yet the honor of God’s law be preserved. The system of sacrifices was to teach man humility, in view of his fallen condition, and lead him to repentance, and to trust in God alone, through the promised Redeemer, for pardon for past transgression of his law. If the law of God had not been transgressed there never would have been death, and there would have been no need of additional precepts to suit man’s fallen condition.?{3SG 295.3}[73]

§149 主曾向亚伯拉罕显现，并对他说：“我是全能的上帝，你当在我面前作完全人。我就与你立约，使你的后裔极其繁多”（创17:1-2）。“我要与你并你世世代代的后裔坚立我的约，作永远的约，是要作你和你后裔的上帝”（创17:7）。{3SG 296.2}[74]

§150 Adam taught his descendants the law of God, which law was handed down to the faithful through successive generations. The continual transgression of God’s law called for a flood of waters upon the earth. The law was preserved by Noah and his family, who for right-doing were saved by a miracle of God in the ark. Noah taught his descendants the ten commandments. The Lord preserved a people for himself from Adam down, in whose hearts was his law. He says of Abraham, “He obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.”?{3SG 296.1}[74]

§151 那时上帝吩咐亚伯拉罕和他的后裔遵守割礼，就是在肉上割去一圈，象征上帝曾将他们割出，并从各国分别出来作祂特殊的宝贝。他们借这个记号严肃地许愿，不与其他国民通婚，因为他们如果这样行，势必失去尊敬上帝和祂神圣律法的心，而变成象四围拜偶像的民族一样了。{3SG 297.1}[75]

§152 The Lord appeared unto Abraham, and said unto him, “I am the Almighty God. Walk before me, and be thou perfect, and I will make a covenant between me and thee,?and will multiply thee exceedingly. And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee.”?{3SG 296.2}[75]

§153 他们借割礼而郑重地同意，要履行那和亚伯拉罕所立之约中他们应守的条件，就是与各国分别，作完全人。如果亚伯拉罕的子孙保持与其他各国分离，他们就不会被引诱拜偶像了。他们由于与其他各国保持分离，就可以免去参与他们罪恶行为及反叛上帝的大试探了。可惜他们因与邻邦交往混合，以致他们特殊而圣洁的性质大为丧失了。主为惩罚他们起见，便使饥荒临到他们的地上，这就迫使他们下到埃及去，保全自己的性命。但上帝因祂与亚伯拉罕所立的约，并没有在他们留居埃及时遗弃他们，祂让他们受埃及人的压迫，使他们得以在急难中转向祂，拣选祂公义怜悯的政权，并顺从祂的律例。{3SG 297.2}[76]

§154 He then required of Abraham and his seed circumcision, which was a circle cut in the flesh, as a token that God had cut them out and separated them from all nations as his peculiar treasure. By this sign they solemnly pledged themselves that they would not intermarry with other nations; for by so doing they would lose their reverence for God and his holy law, and would become like the idolatrous nations around them.?{3SG 297.1}[76]

§155 起先下到埃及去的，只不过几家人。后来人口增加成了一大群。有些人颇留心将上帝的律法教导儿女，但许多以色列人既对拜偶像的事司空见惯，以致对于上帝律法的看法模糊了。那些敬畏上帝的人苦苦呼吁祂，要求打断他们痛苦奴役的轭，领他们从为奴之地出来，使他们得以自由侍奉祂。上帝垂听他们的呼求，就兴起摩西作祂的工具，完成拯救祂百姓的工作。在他们出离埃及与红海的水在他们面前分开之后，主试验他们，要看他们是否信靠祂这位曾经借着神迹奇事与试验将他们这一族从另一族中救出来的上帝。可惜他们经不起考验。他们因为途中的艰苦埋怨上帝，并希望重返埃及。主为要使他们无可推诿起见，竟亲自驾临西奈山，为荣耀所包围，为天使所环绕，并用最庄严可畏的方式宣布了祂的十诫圣律。祂没有把祂的律法交给任何人甚或天使去传授，却亲口用人所能听见的声音向全体民众宣布。但即使到了这个地步，祂仍不让民众单凭记忆力保存这诫命。却亲自用祂圣洁的手指将诫命写在石版上。祂要消除他们一切足使祂的神圣律例与遗传混淆，或将祂的命令与人的习惯搀合的可能性。{3SG 298.1}[77]

§156 By the act of circumcision they solemnly agreed to fulfill the conditions of the covenant made with Abraham on their part, to be separate from all nations, and be perfect. If the descendants of Abraham had kept separate from other nations, they would not have been seduced into idolatry. By keeping separate from other nations, a great temptation would be removed from them to engage in their sinful practices, and rebel against God. They lost in a great measure their peculiar, holy character, by mingling with the nations around them. To punish them the Lord brought a famine upon their land, which compelled them to go down into Egypt to preserve their lives. But God did not forsake them while they were in Egypt, because of his covenant with Abraham. He suffered them to be oppressed by?the Egyptians, that they might turn to him in their distress, and choose his righteous and merciful government, and obey his requirements.?{3SG 297.2}[77]

§157 上帝后来再和祂的子民更加接近一步，而且不愿撇下他们，因为他们是十分容易偏离正路的，所以祂不愿仅仅赐给他们十条诫命的条例。祂命摩西照祂所吩咐的将律例和典章写出来。对祂所要他们行的事作了详尽的指示，借此保护了祂所刻在石版上的十条律法。这些明确指示和条例的赐下，乃为引导犯错的人遵守他们所易于干犯的道德律。{3SG 299.1}[78]

§158 There were but a few families that first went down into Egypt. These increased to a great multitude. Some were careful to instruct their children in the law of God. But many of the Israelites had witnessed so much idolatry that they had confused ideas of God’s law. Those who feared God cried to him in anguish of spirit to break their yoke of grievous bondage, and bring them from the land of their captivity, that they might be free to serve him. God heard their cries, and raised up Moses as his instrument to accomplish the deliverance of his people. After they had left Egypt, and the waters of the Red Sea had been divided before them, the Lord proved them to see if they would trust in him who had taken them, a nation from another nation, by signs, temptations, and wonders. But they failed to endure the trial. They murmured against God because of difficulties in the way, and wished to return again to Egypt. To leave them without excuse, the Lord himself condescended to come down upon Sinai, enshrouded in glory, and surrounded by his angels, and in a most sublime and awful manner made known his law of ten commandments. He did not trust them to be taught by any one, not even his angels, but spoke his law with an audible voice in the hearing of all the people. He did?not even then trust them to the short memory of a people who were prone to forget his requirements, but wrote them with his own holy finger upon tables of stone. He would remove from them all possibility of mingling with his holy precepts any tradition, or of confusing his requirements with the practices of men.?{3SG 298.1}[78]

§159 人类如果曾经遵守上帝在亚当堕落之后所赐给他，又经挪亚在方舟中所保存，并由亚伯拉罕所遵守的律法，那就没有制定割礼的必要了。而且亚伯拉罕的子孙如果曾经遵守那以割礼为表号或保证所代表的约，他们就绝不致陷入拜偶像的罪中。也不致受惩罚下到埃及去，更不需要上帝在西奈山宣布祂的律法，且将它刻在石版上，并借摩西的律例典章中的详细指示来保护它了。{3SG 299.2}[79]

§160 He then came still closer to his people, and would not leave them, who were so readily led astray, with merely the ten precepts of the decalogue. He required Moses to write as he should bid him, judgments and laws, giving minute directions in regard to what he required them to perform, and thereby guarded the ten precepts which he had engraved upon the tables of stone. These specific directions and requirements were given to draw erring man to the obedience of the moral law which he is so prone to transgress.?{3SG 299.1}[79]

§161 摩西将他在山上与上帝同在，经祂口授的律例典章写了下来。如果上帝的子民已经遵守了十诫的原则。那就毋需再向摩西作详尽的指示了——这就是摩西所写在书中，有关他们对于上帝以及彼此之间的本分。主所给予摩西关于祂民众彼此之间，以及有关对待外人的本分的明确指示，乃是十诫原则的简化和具体明白的发表，使他们不致犯错。{3SG 299.3}[80]

§162 If man had kept the law of God, as given to Adam after his fall, preserved in the ark by Noah, and observed by Abraham, there would have been no necessity of the ordinance of circumcision. And if the descendants of Abraham had kept the covenant, which circumcision was a token or pledge of, they would never have gone into idolatry, and been suffered to go down into Egypt, and there would have been no necessity of God’s proclaiming his law from Sinai, and engraving it upon tables of stone, and guarding it by definite directions in the judgments and statutes given to Moses.?{3SG 299.2}[80]

§163 主论到以色列人说：“因为他们不遵行我的典章，竟厌弃我的律例，干犯我的安息日，眼目仰望他们父亲的偶像。我也任他们遵行不美的律例，谨守不能使人活着的恶规”（结20:24）。因为不断的悖逆，主便对违背祂的律法附上了处罚，这些附加的条例既对犯罪的人不利，也不能使他藉以在反叛中存活。{3SG 300.1}[81]

§164 Moses wrote these judgments and statutes?from the mouth of God while he was with him in the mount. If the people of God had obeyed the principles of the ten commandments, there would have been no need of the specific directions given to Moses, which he wrote in a book, relative to their duty to God and to one another. The definite directions which the Lord gave to Moses in regard to the duty of his people to one another, and to the stranger, are the principles of the ten commandments simplified, and given in a definite manner that they need not err.?{3SG 299.3}[81]

§165 百姓践踏上帝在人所不能接近的光中如此严肃颁布的律法，实际上就是公开蔑视伟大的立法者，其惩罚就是死亡。“又将我的安息日赐给他们，好在我与他们中间为证据，使他们知道我耶和华是叫他们成为圣的。以色列家却在旷野悖逆我，不顺从我的律例，厌弃我的典章（人若遵行就必因此活着），大大干犯我的安息日。我就说，要在旷野将我的忿怒倾在他们身上，灭绝他们”（结20:12,13）。{3SG 300.2}[82]

§166 The Lord said of the children of Israel, “Because they had not executed my judgments, but had despised my statutes, and had polluted my Sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers’ idols, wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good, and judgments whereby they should not live.” Because of continual disobedience, the Lord annexed penalties to the transgression of his law, which were not good for the transgressor, or whereby he should not live in his rebellion.?{3SG 300.1}[82]

§167 上帝的律例和典章是为顺从之人的益处而赐下的。“他们必因此活着。”但这些律例典章却对犯罪的人不利，因为在赐给摩西的民事律法中，要对犯罪的人予以惩罚，好使别人因惧怕而受到约束。{3SG 301.1}[83]

§168 By transgressing the law which God had given in such majesty, and amid glory which was unapproachable, the people showed open contempt of the great Lawgiver, and death was the penalty. “Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctify them. But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness; they walked not in my statues [statutes], and they?despised my judgments, which if a man do, he shall even live in them. And my sabbaths they greatly polluted. Then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them in the wilderness, to consume them.”?{3SG 300.2}[83]

§169 摩西告诫以色列人要顺从上帝。他对他们说：“以色列人哪，现在我所教训你们的律例典章，你们要听从遵行，好叫你们存活，得以进入耶和华你们列祖之上帝所赐给你们的地，承受为业”（申4:1）。{3SG 301.2}[84]

§170 The statutes and judgments given of God were good for the obedient. “They should live in them.” But they were not good for the transgressor, for in the civil law given to Moses punishment was to be inflicted on the transgressor, that others should be restrained by fear.?{3SG 301.1}[84]

§171 主把将要在基督受死时终止的祭礼明确地教训了摩西。献祭制度全是预表基督作毫无瑕疵之羔羊的牺牲。{3SG 301.3}[85]

§172 Moses charged the children of Israel to obey God. He said unto them, “Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the Lord God of your fathers giveth you.”?{3SG 301.2}[85]

§173 主首先在亚当堕落之后设立了献祭的制度，而由亚当传授给他的子孙。这个制度被洪水之前那些与忠心跟从上帝之人分离、以及日后参加建造巴别塔的人所败坏了。他们竟向自己所造的假神献祭，而不献祭与天上的上帝。他们之所以献祭，并不是因为他们相信那要来的救赎主，而是因为他们自以为当在污秽的偶像坛上奉献许多牲畜，借此取悦于他们的神明。他们的迷信致令他们非常的奢侈浪费。他们教导人说：他们所献的牺牲越贵重，就越讨偶像邪神的喜悦，而他们国家的兴盛和财富也就越大。故此，往往有将活人献给这些无知觉的偶像之举。那些国家也有许多管制民众行为的律法和条例，是最残酷无情的。他们的律法乃是一班内心未经恩德软化之人所制定的；因此他们一方面容忍最卑鄙的罪行，同时动辄因轻微的犯法而由当权者处以最残忍的刑罚。{3SG 301.4}[86]

§174 The Lord instructed Moses definitely in regard to the ceremonial sacrifices, which were to cease at the death of Christ. The system of sacrifices foreshadowed the offering of Christ as a Lamb without blemish.?{3SG 301.3}[86]

§175 摩西在作以下声明时，就考虑到这一点说：“我照着耶和华我上帝所吩咐的，将律例、典章教训你们，使你们在所要进去得为业的地上遵行。所以你们要谨守遵行，这就是你们在万民眼前的智慧、聪明；他们听见这一切律例，必说：这大国的人真是有智慧，有聪明。哪一大国的人有神与他们相近，象耶和华我们的上帝，在我们求告祂的时候与我们相近呢？又哪一大国有这样公义的律例，典章；象我今日在你们面前所陈明的这一切律法呢”（申4:5-8）？{3SG 302.1}[87]

§176 The Lord first established the system of sacrificial offerings with Adam after his fall, which he taught to his descendants. This system was corrupted before the flood by those who separated themselves from the faithful followers of God, and engaged in the building of the tower of Babel. They sacrificed to gods of their own [making] instead of the God of Heaven. They did not offer sacrifices?because they had faith in the Redeemer to come, but because they thought they should please their gods by offering a great many beasts upon polluted idol altars. Their superstition led them to great extravagances. They taught the people that the more valuable the sacrifice, the greater pleasure would it give their idol gods, and the greater would be the prosperity and riches of their nation. Hence human beings were often sacrificed to these senseless idols. Those nations had laws and regulations to control the actions of the people which were cruel in the extreme. Their laws were made by those whose hearts were not softened by grace, and while they would pass over the most debasing crimes, a small offense would call forth the most cruel punishment from those in authority.?{3SG 301.4}[87]

§177 上帝是智慧而慈怜的立法者。祂公正地审理一切案件，不偏不倚。当以色列人在埃及为奴时，周围都是拜偶像的风习。埃及人接受了献祭的传统，他们不承认天上上帝的存在，却献祭给他们的偶像。他们为偶像崇拜举行隆重的仪式。他们修筑祭坛敬拜他们的神。他们甚至要求自己的儿女经火。他们筑好坛以后，就要他们的儿女从坛火上跳过去。如果没有被烧着，偶像的祭司和百姓就认为他们的神收纳了他们的祭物，并且特别喜欢经过火考验的人。这个人就会得到许多优惠，从今以后受到所有百姓的尊重，不论犯有什么罪都不必受惩罚。如果另一个人在经火时不幸被烧着了，他的命运也就决定了，因为他们以为神生气了，只有不幸的牺牲者的性命才能平抚他的怒气。于是这个人就被献在偶像的坛上作为祭物。{3SG 303.1}[88]

§178 Moses had this in view when he said to Israel, “Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the Lord my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. Keep, therefore, and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people. For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the Lord our God is in all things that we call upon him for? And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so?righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?”?{3SG 302.1}[88]

§179 甚至有些以色列人也堕落到做这些可憎的事。上帝让火烧掉他们经火的儿女。他们虽然没有走到外邦民族的那种极端，上帝仍要烧掉他们经火的儿女。{3SG 303.2}[89]

§180 God was a wise and compassionate lawgiver, judging all cases righteously, and without partiality. While the Israelites were in Egyptian bondage, they were surrounded with idolatry. The Egyptians had received traditions in regard to sacrificing. They did not acknowledge the existence of the God of Heaven. They sacrificed to their idol gods. With great pomp and ceremony they performed their idol worship. They erected altars to the honor of their gods, and they required even their own children to pass through the fire. After they had erected their altars they required their children to leap over the altars through the fire. If they could do this without their being burned, the idol priests and people received it as an evidence that their God accepted their offerings, and favored especially the person who passed through the fiery ordeal. He was loaded with benefits, and was ever afterward greatly esteemed by all the people. He was never allowed to be punished, however aggravating might be his crimes. If another person who leaped through the fire was so unfortunate as to be burned, then his fate was fixed; for they thought that their gods were angry, and would be appeased with nothing short of the unhappy victim’s life, and he was offered up as a sacrifice upon their idol altars.?{3SG 303.1}[89]

§181 由于上帝的子民对献祭的礼节存在糊涂的见解，在他们的敬拜仪式中掺入了异教的习惯，上帝就下来赐给他们明确的指示，使他们明白献祭的真正意义。献祭的礼节只延续到上帝的羔羊被杀为止。一切祭牲所预表的就是祂。{3SG 304.1}[90]

§182 Even some of the children of Israel had so?far degraded themselves as to practice these abominations, and God caused the fire to kindle upon their children, whom they made to pass through the fire. They did not go to all the lengths of the heathen nations; but God deprived them of their children by causing the fire to consume them in the act of passing through it.?{3SG 303.2}[90]