第23章 医师的责任
§1
第23章 医师的责任
§2
Responsibilities of the Physician
§3
“敬畏耶和华是智慧的开端。”凡从事专门工作的人，不论他是从事何种职业，都需要上帝的智慧。尤其作医师的人，特别需要这种智慧，去应付各界的人士及各种的病患。他所处的地位甚至比担任福音工作的传道人责任更重大。他奉召作基督的同工者，他需要忠于宗教原理，并与智慧的上帝有紧密的联络。他若接受上帝的指导，就必得到那大医师与他协力合作，也必在行动上极其小心，以免因为自己的措置不当，而致伤害上帝的创造物之一。他要坚持原则，固若磐石，而对于众人却仍仁慈有礼。他必须对自己的地位有责任感，从他的行为上可显出他是凡事出于纯洁无私的动机和使基督的教训得美名的愿望。这样的医师必具天生的庄严，并要成为世上有力的行善工具。虽然他也许不蒙那些与上帝无联络之人们所钦服，但他却要受上天的敬重。在上帝看来，他是比金子，甚至于比俄斐的纯金更为宝贵。……{2TT 142.1}[1]
§4
“The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” Professional men, whatever their calling, need divine wisdom. But the physician is in special need of this wisdom in dealing with all classes of minds and diseases. He occupies a position even more responsible than that of the minister of the gospel. He is called to be a colaborer with Christ, and he needs stanch religious principles and a firm connection with the God of wisdom. If he takes counsel of God he will have the Great Healer to work with his efforts, and he will move with the greatest caution lest by his mismanagement he injure one of God’s creatures. He will be firm as a rock to principle, yet kind and courteous to all. He will feel the responsibility of his position, and his practice will show that he is actuated by pure, unselfish motives and a desire to adorn the doctrine of Christ in all things. Such a physician will possess a heaven-born dignity and will be a powerful agent for good in the world. Although he may not be appreciated by those who have no connection with God, yet he will be honored of heaven. In God’s sight he will be more precious than gold, even the gold of Ophir. ...?{2TT 142.1}[1]
§5
行医之道甚多，但能得上天嘉许的只有一种。上帝的治法是采用简单的自然能力，利用其强有力的特性，既不使身体负担过重，也不容其趋于虚弱。纯净的空气及水，清洁，合适的食物，纯正的生活，及坚心信赖上帝，这些都是千万垂死之人所需要的治疗；但是这些治疗法现今已渐过时，其原因是由于巧妙应用此疗法所需之手续未蒙人们重视所致。新鲜的空气，运动，纯洁的水，以及清洁雅致的居室，这些都是费用甚少，而为人人力所能及的；至于药品，则不论是金钱方面的付出，或是在身体上所生的后果，都可算是代价昂贵的。{2TT 142.2}[2]
§6
There are many ways of practicing the healing art, but there is only one way that Heaven approves. God’s remedies are the simple agencies of nature that will not tax or debilitate the system through their powerful properties. Pure air and water, cleanliness, a proper diet, purity of life, and a firm trust in God are remedies for the want of which thousands are dying; yet these remedies are going out of date because their skillful use requires work that the people do not?appreciate. Fresh air, exercise, pure water, and clean, sweet premises are within the reach of all with but little expense; but drugs are expensive, both in the outlay of means and in the effect produced upon the system.?{2TT 142.2}[2]
§7
基督化医师们的工作，并非治疗人肉体的疾病而已；乃当扩大其努力去医治人心思方面的疾病，去救人的灵性。除非有人要求他那样做，他也许无须去提述真理的各项论据；但他却可以向病人指明基督。神圣教师的教训是随时都适用的。医师应当叫忧怨者注意上帝眷爱及关切的永远鲜明的表号，以及祂在自己创造之工中所显露的智慧与良善。然后就能引人的心思由自然界而达到自然界的上帝，并集中于上帝为爱祂之人所预备的天国。{2TT 143.1}[3]
§8
The work of the Christian physician does not end with healing the maladies of the body; his efforts should extend to the diseases of the mind, to the saving of the soul. It may not be his duty, unless asked, to present any theoretical points of truth; but he may point his patients to Christ. The lessons of the divine Teacher are ever appropriate. He should call the attention of the repining to the ever-fresh tokens of the love and care of God, to His wisdom and goodness as manifested in His created works. The mind can then be led through nature up to nature’s God and centered on the heaven which He has prepared for those that love Him.?{2TT 143.1}[3]
§9
医师应当知道怎样祈祷。在许多症状中，为了救命，他必须加重患者的痛苦；无论病人是不是基督徒，他若知道医师是敬畏上帝的人，就会更觉得安全。祈祷能给病人持久的信任心。在许多时候，若存谦卑信靠的心，把他们的病情呈在大医师之前，就会使他们得到较诸一切药物更为有效的助益。{2TT 143.2}[4]
§10
The physician should know how to pray. In many cases he must increase suffering in order to save life; and whether the patient is a Christian or not, he feels greater security if he knows that his physician fears God. Prayer will give the sick an abiding confidence; and many times if their cases are borne to the Great Physician in humble trust, it will do more for them than all the drugs that can be administered.?{2TT 143.2}[4]
§11
【认明罪与疾病的关系】
§12
撒但是疾病的创始者；医师乃是在与他的工作及权势作战。精神的疾病到处流行。人们所受的病苦，有十分之九是根源于此。或者有些家庭生活的苦难，正象疮口一样，在咬食人的灵性，弱化人生命的精力。为罪懊悔的苦心有时会败坏人的体质，并使精神失去平衡。也有许多异端邪道，例如永火的地狱及恶人永远受苦之类，用夸大过实及歪曲牵强的话误表上帝的品德，这些都已在人敏感的心思中产生了相同的结果。无信仰的人已把这些不幸的情形，大部分归咎于人对宗教的热狂；而其实这却是一种粗制滥造的诽谤，是他们将来不会高兴去对付的。基督的宗教，远非使人疯狂之因，反而是医治疯狂最有效的方法之一；因它乃是最有效的神经安抚剂。?{2TT 143.3}[5]
§13
【To Recognize Relation of Sin to Disease】
§14
Satan is the originator of disease; and the physician is warring against his work and power. Sickness of the mind prevails everywhere. Nine tenths of the diseases from which men suffer have their foundation here. Perhaps some living home trouble is, like a canker, eating to the very soul and weakening the life forces. Remorse for sin sometimes undermines the constitution and unbalances the mind. There are erroneous doctrines also, as that of an eternally burning hell and the endless torment of the wicked, that, by giving exaggerated and distorted views of the character of God, have produced the same result upon sensitive minds. Infidels have made the?most of these unfortunate cases, attributing insanity to religion; but this is a gross libel and one which they will not be pleased to meet by and by. The religion of Christ, so far from being the cause of insanity, is one of its most effectual remedies; for it is a potent soother of the nerves.?{2TT 143.3}[5]
§15
医师需要超越于人类的智慧与能力，以便知道如何救治他所遇见的关于脑及心的许多疑难病症。他若是不明白上帝恩典的能力，就不但不能帮助那受苦的人，反而加深其困难；但如果他坚心倚靠上帝，则必能帮助这患病烦扰的脑筋。他必能向病人指出基督，并教导他们将其一切苦恼烦难都交给那伟大的担负重担之主。{2TT 144.1}[6]
§16
The physician needs more than human wisdom and power that he may know how to minister to the many perplexing cases of disease of the mind and heart with which he is called to deal. If he is ignorant of the power of divine grace he cannot help the afflicted one, but will aggravate the difficulty; but if he has a firm hold upon God he will be able to help the diseased, distracted mind. He will be able to point his patients to Christ and teach them to carry all their cares and perplexities to the great Burden Bearer.?{2TT 144.1}[6]
§17
在罪与病之间有一种上帝所定的关系。任何医师只要行医一个月，就可看明这种例证。他也许忽视事实，他的心思也许忙着其他的事，而不暇注意及此；但若是他肯诚实观察，就不得不承认在罪与病之间，彼此实有因果之关系存在。医师应当敏察此事，并配以合适的行动。当他医治好病人的痛苦，将他从死亡的边缘救回，而博得他们信任心之时，就可以教导他们疾病是罪恶的结果，也是那堕落的仇敌设计引诱他们陷于那些败坏健康及心灵之恶行。他可以使他们铭记在心，需要舍己及顺从生命与健康的规律。尤其是在青年人的脑海中，他可以徐徐灌输正确的原则。{2TT 144.2}[7]
§18
There is a divinely appointed connection between sin and disease. No physician can practice for a month without seeing this illustrated. He may ignore the fact; his mind may be so occupied with other matters that his attention will not be called to it; but if he will be observing and honest he cannot help acknowledging that sin and disease bear to each other the relationship of cause and effect. The physician should be quick to see this and to act accordingly. When he has gained the confidence of the afflicted by relieving their sufferings and bringing them back from the verge of the grave he may teach them that disease is the result of sin and that it is the fallen foe who seeks to allure them to health-and-soul-destroying practices. He may impress their minds with the necessity of denying self and obeying the laws of life and health. In the minds of the young especially he may instill right principles.?{2TT 144.2}[7]
§19
上帝爱其创造之物，这种爱是刚柔兼济的。祂设立了自然界的定律，但祂的律法却不是独裁专制的。在每一条“不可”的律法中，不论其是有关物质的或道德的，都包含或暗示有应许在内。如果顺从了，就有福气追随着我们的脚步；如果悖逆了，结果乃是危险及不幸。上帝设立律法的本旨，就是要引其子民与祂更加亲近。他们若肯随从主的引导，祂就要救他们离恶归善，但祂却从不勉强他们。我们虽不能看透上帝的计划，但我们却当信靠祂，并用行为来表现我们的信心。……{2TT 144.3}[8]
§20
God loves His creatures with a love that is both tender and strong. He has established the laws of nature, but His laws are not arbitrary exactions. Every “Thou shalt not,” whether in physical or moral law, contains or implies a promise. If it is obeyed, blessings will attend our steps; if it is disobeyed, the result is danger and unhappiness. The?laws of God are designed to bring His people closer to Himself. He will save them from the evil and lead them to the good if they will be led, but force them He never will. We cannot discern God’s plans, but we must trust Him and show our faith by our works. ...?{2TT 144.3}[8]
§21
【医疗工作的紧张】
§22
医师差不多是天天与死亡对面相见，他实在可说是脚踏在坟墓的边缘上。有许多的实例，显明有些医师因为对于痛苦及死亡的情景已经司空见惯，结果便对人类的祸患漫不经心，冷漠无情，并在治病的工作上冒险草率。这种医师好似没有温柔同情之心。他们粗暴鲁莽，使病人望而生畏。这等人，不论其学识与技术多么高明，对于病苦的人无甚裨益；但若是医师除了学识之外，兼有耶稣所表现的服务病人之仁爱与同情，他的同在就会是一个福惠了。他必不视病人仅为一架肉做的机械，而是看他为一个应予拯救，否则必要灭亡的生灵。{2TT 145.1}[9]
§23
【The Strain of Medical Practice】
§24
The physician is almost daily brought face to face with death. He is, as it were, treading upon the verge of the grave. In many instances familiarity with scenes of suffering and death results in carelessness and indifference to human woe, and recklessness in the treatment of the sick. Such physicians seem to have no tender sympathy. They are harsh and abrupt, and the sick dread their approach. Such men, however great their knowledge and skill, can do the suffering little good; but if the love and sympathy that Jesus manifested for the sick is combined with the physician’s knowledge, his very presence will be a blessing. He will not look upon his patient as a mere piece of human mechanism, but as a soul to be saved or lost.?{2TT 145.1}[9]
§25
医师的职责是辛苦的。很少人明白他的精神及身体是多么的紧张。在与疾病及死亡搏斗中，他必须运用每一分的精力及才干，作最深切的挂心。往往他知道手术的偶一不慎，或是方位差之毫厘，就要把一个没有预备好的生灵永远断送了。忠心的医师多么需要上帝子民的同情与祈祷啊！他在这方面所应得的，并不逊于那些虔诚献身的牧师或传道人。他往往被剥夺了必要的休息与睡眠，甚至于在安息日的宗教权力上也享受不到，他需要加倍的恩典，每日新鲜的供应，否则，他将失去信靠上帝的心，并比别种职务的人有更深陷于灵性黑暗之危险。他还要常常忍受无辜的谴责，独力奋斗，任劳任怨，作撒但最烈试探的目标，觉得自己被人误会，被朋友出卖。{2TT 145.2}[10]
§26
The duties of the physician are arduous. Few realize the mental and physical strain to which he is subjected. Every energy and capability must be enlisted with the most intense anxiety in the battle with disease and death. Often he knows that one unskillful movement of the hand, even but a hairbreadth in the wrong direction, may send a soul unprepared into eternity. How much the faithful physician needs the sympathy and prayers of the people of God. His claims in this direction are not inferior to those of the most devoted minister or missionary worker. Deprived, as he often is, of needed rest and sleep, and even of religious privileges on the Sabbath, he needs a double portion of grace, a fresh supply daily, or he will lose his hold on God and will be in danger of sinking deeper in spiritual darkness than men of other callings. And yet often he is made to bear?unmerited reproaches and is left to stand alone, the subject of Satan’s fiercest temptations, feeling himself misunderstood, betrayed by his friends.?{2TT 145.2}[10]
§27
【医学教育】
§28
有许多人因为明白医师的职责是多么艰难，卸下挂虑的机会是多么少，甚至在安息日也难例外，便不愿选择这种工作为其终身职业。可是那大仇敌现在不断在设法破坏上帝亲手创造之物，因此许多有教养及有智慧的人士，便奉命来与这残暴的权势相争斗。现今需要更多合适的人才来献身于这种专业。应当苦心尽力引导适当的人，使他们造就自己配负起这项工作。他们必须是品格建立于圣经广大原理之上的──是具有天赋的精神，力量，及恒心，以便能达到优秀的崇高标准。并非人人都能作成功的医师。有许多人参加这种专业，在各方面未曾预备好。他们没有基本必要的学识；也没有机警应变之才，细心及聪明，这些都是欲图成功所不可少的。{2TT 146.1}[11]
§29
【Acquiring a Medical Education】
§30
Many, knowing how trying are the duties of the physician and how few opportunities physicians have for release from care, even upon the Sabbath, will not choose this for their lifework. But the great enemy is constantly seeking to destroy the workmanship of God’s hands, and men of culture and intelligence are called upon to combat his cruel power. More of the right kind of men are needed to devote themselves to this profession. Painstaking effort should be made to induce suitable men to qualify themselves for this work. They should be men whose characters are based upon the broad principles of the word of God—men who possess a natural energy, force, and perseverance that will enable them to reach a high standard of excellence. It is not everyone who can make a successful physician. Many have entered upon the duties of this profession every way unprepared. They have not the requisite knowledge; neither have they the skill and tact, the carefulness and intelligence, necessary to ensure success.?{2TT 146.1}[11]
§31
一个医师若是体强力壮，就可作成更好的工作。他若是软弱，就要受不住这业务的操劳。一个人若是身体虚弱，消化不良，或是不能完全自制，就不配应付各种的疾病。我们应当特加小心，不可鼓励一个也许在责任较轻的工作上会有贡献的人，在无多大成功希望的情形之下，花大量的光阴及金钱去学医。{2TT 146.2}[12]
§32
A physician can do much better work if he has physical strength. If he is feeble he cannot endure the wearing labor incident to his calling. A man who has a weak constitution, who is a dyspeptic, or who has not perfect self-control, cannot become qualified to deal with all classes of disease. Great care should be taken not to encourage persons who might be useful in some less responsible position, to study medicine at a great outlay of time and means, when there is no reasonable hope that they will succeed.?{2TT 146.2}[12]
§33
有些人被选拔认为可能在医药工作上有些贡献，并受鼓励去学医了。可是有些人在开始学医的时候，原为基督徒而竟不遵奉上帝的律法为首；他们牺牲了原则，并失去了信靠上帝的心。他们觉得自己单独不能遵守第四诫，及应付那些雄心勃勃，贪爱世俗，浮滑，怀疑，及不信之流的揶揄与取笑。他们未曾预备好应付这种逼迫。他们雄心万丈，想攀跻世上更高的地位，结果竟在阴森森的疑惑大山上绊跌，而变成不可靠的人。各种各式的试探在他们之前展开，他们无力抗拒。其中有些人已变成不诚实，阴谋多端的人，并犯下了重大的罪。?{2TT 146.3}[13]
§34
Some have been singled out as men who might be useful as physicians, and they have been encouraged to take a medical course. But some who commenced their studies in?the medical colleges as Christians did not keep the divine law prominent; they sacrificed principle and lost their hold on God. They felt that singlehanded they could not keep the fourth commandment and meet the jeers and ridicule of the ambitious, the world-loving, the superficial, the skeptic, and the infidel. This kind of persecution they were not prepared to meet. They were ambitious to climb higher in the world, and they stumbled on the dark mountains of unbelief and became untrustworthy. Temptations of every kind opened before them, and they had no strength to resist. Some of these have become dishonest, scheming policy men and are guilty of grave sins.?{2TT 146.3}[13]
§35
在现代每个学医的人是很危险的。往往他的教师们是只有世俗智慧的人，他的同学们是没有信仰的人，毫不想到上帝，因此他很有受这些无宗教信仰之交游影响的危险。虽然如此，但也有些人读完医科而仍是忠于原则的。他们不肯在安息日上课，并证明自己有行医的资格，而不辜负那些资助其学医者的期望。他们象但以理一般荣耀了上帝，上帝也保守了他们。但以理曾心中立志，不理王朝的惯例，不食王膳，不饮王酒。他仰望上帝施恩赐力，上帝便赐给他聪明，才能，及学识，超过通国的术士，用法术的，和行邪术的。在他的身上证实了主的应许：“尊重我的，我必重看他”（撒上2:30）。{2TT 147.1}[14]
§36
In this age there is danger for everyone who shall enter upon the study of medicine. Often his instructors are worldly-wise men and his fellow students infidels, who have no thought of God, and he is in danger of being influenced by these irreligious associations. Nevertheless, some have gone through the medical course and have remained true to principle. They would not continue their studies on the Sabbath, and they have proved that men may become qualified for the duties of a physician and not disappoint the expectations of those who furnish them means to obtain an education. Like Daniel, they have honored God, and He has kept them. Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not adopt the customs of kingly courts; he would not eat of the king’s meat nor drink of his wine. He looked to God for strength and grace, and God gave him wisdom and skill and knowledge above that of the astrologers, the soothsayers, and the magicians of the kingdom. To him the promise was verified: “Them that honor Me I will honor.”?{2TT 147.1}[14]
§37
年青的医师可以接近但以理的上帝。借着神圣的恩典与权能，他可以在其职务上大奏成效，正如但以理在其崇高的地位上成功一样。但若是把科学的准备列为第一重要的事，而忽略了那行医成功之基础的宗教原理，那就错了。有很多人在医术方面被人誉为国手，他们讥笑这种在工作上要靠耶稣赐智慧的思想。但是这些信靠自己科学知识的人，若得上天之光的启迪，就要达到何等更优越的成就！他们的能力该是何等的更加强固，在应付难症时，自信心也必更大啊！那和医治人灵性及身体之大医师有密切联络的人，就有天地的资源听其使用，他能聪明而谨慎无误地行事，这是不信上帝之人所不能行的。（5T.439-448.1885年）?{2TT 147.2}[15]
§38
The young physician has access to the God of Daniel. Through divine grace and power he may become as efficient in his calling as Daniel was in his exalted position. But it is a mistake to make a scientific preparation the all-important thing, while religious principles, that lie at the very?foundation of a successful practice, are neglected. Many are lauded as skillful men in their profession who scorn the thought that they need to rely upon Jesus for wisdom in their work. But if these men who trust in their knowledge of science were illuminated by the light of heaven, to how much greater excellence might they attain! How much stronger would be their powers, with how much greater confidence could they undertake difficult cases! The man who is closely connected with the Great Physician of soul and body has the resources of heaven and earth at his command, and he can work with a wisdom, an unerring precision, that the godless man cannot possess.?{2TT 147.2}[15]