第639号 机构餐饮服务的管理
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第639号 机构餐饮服务的管理
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MR No. 639 - Institutional Food Service Management
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你不可由着性子，而当非常谨慎，在凡事上树立正确的榜样。不可怠惰。要激发你的潜能，通过关心和帮助，使丈夫感到需要你。要在凡事上使他幸福。要负起应尽的义务。要研究怎样愉快地履行简单、乏味、平凡，但又不可少的家庭生活义务。本应用坚定的努力严加提防之时，你却放纵并培养了你的惰性。{8MR388.1}[1]
§4
You should not follow your own inclinations. You should be very careful to set a right example in all things. Do not be inactive. Arouse your dormant energies. Make yourself a necessity to your husband by being attentive and helpful. Be a blessing to him in everything. Take up the duties essential to be done. Study how to perform with alacrity the plain, uninteresting, homely, but most needful duties which relate to domestic life. Your inactivity has been indulged and cultivated when it should be guarded against strictly and with a determined effort. {8MR 388.1}[1]
§5
我的姐妹，你的头脑要予以运用。你如果担负起你应负的责任，就会成为（圣赫勒那）保健院的福气。然而放纵你的惰性对你的身、心、灵来说都是一种伤害。你需要上帝活泼而改变人心的能力。你应该为上帝及正义真诚地站稳。你需要基督的恩典赋予你生机。你愿意醒起，让你几乎瘫痪的精力负起责任来，在你能力范围内尽力做有益的事吗？你必须操练这部活机器，否则你不能排除废料，也不会拥有健康。{8MR388.2}[2]
§6
My sister, your mind will bear taxing. If you take up the burdens that you should, you can be a blessing to the [St. Helena] Health Retreat. But the indulgence of your sluggish temperament is a detriment to you, physically, mentally, and spiritually. You need the quickening, converting power of God. You need to stand firmly and truly for God and the right. You need to be vitalized by the grace of Christ. Will you wake up, and put to the task your almost paralyzed energies, seeking to do all the good in your power? You must exercise the living machinery, or else you will not be able to throw off the waste matter, and you will fall short of gaining health. {8MR 388.2}[2]
§7
要设法使家庭生活美满。为妻为母的意义，超过你的想象。要是你随心所欲去从事缝纫，就不会有你的健康所必需的职业；不会弥补你现在的不足。你需要家庭生活的教育和经验。你需要今生的多样化、搅动、认真的努力和意志的培养。就在你现在所在的地方，你若是把握住对你孩子的管理，就能取得成功，但这需要付出比你曾想到的更多的时间、更多的思考、更坚定的意志、更坚决地要求顺从。……{8MR388.3}[3]
§8
Try to make a success of your domestic life. It means more to fill the position of wife and mother than you have thought. Should you, as you desired, engage in sewing, it would not give you the employment necessary for your health; it would not remedy the deficiencies you now possess. You need the culture and experience of domestic life. You need the variety, the stir, the earnest effort, the cultivation of the will power, that this life brings. Right where you are now, if you took hold of the management of your child you could make it a success, but this requires more time, more thought, more steadiness of purpose, a more unyielding demand for obedience, than you have thought of putting forth. . . . {8MR 388.3}[3]
§9
时间是宝贵的，光阴似金；它不应被用在次要的小事上，只满足口腹之欲。我的姐妹，如果你不再允许次要的事占据你的黄金时间，如果把你的注意力和时间都用在有用及必要的事上，你必会更有效用。在我们的世界上有许多该做的事，我希望你不要忽略需要操心费神的那部分工作。要是你用心工作了，原可以挽救这个你投入了数百美元的机构。要是你这里说了一句话，那里计划了一些事，原可成为真正的福气。要是你借着户外运动激活了你潜在的活力，快乐敏捷地做了你力所能及的事，原可成就比现在多得多事，并成为真实的福气。{8MR389.1}[4]
§10
Time is precious, time is golden; it should not be devoted to little, unimportant things, which serve only to gratify the taste. You can be more useful, my sister, when you cease to allow unimportant things to take your golden moments, when useful and necessary things engage your attention and your time. There are many things to be done in this world of ours, and I hope you will not neglect the thoughtful, caretaking part of your work. You might have saved the institution with which you are connected hundreds of dollars, had you put your soul into the work. Had you spoken a word here, and done some planning there, you could have been a real blessing. Had you awakened your dormant energies by exercise in the open air, and done what it was in your power to do with cheerfulness and alacrity, you could have accomplished much more than you have, and been a real blessing. {8MR 389.1}[4]
§11
我希望你在工作上能奉献你的心思和智慧。要注意使每件事都在节约的计划上运作。必须这样做，否则债务就会积累。敏锐机智的妇女要分辨出哪里有些许浪费的事并且纠正它。你已经处在保健院主管的位置，这是你的责任所在。{8MR389.2}[5]
§12
I hope that you will devote your mind and your wisdom to the work. See that everything is run on an economical plan. This must be done, or debts will accumulate. Women of sharp, quick intellect are needed, to discern where there is waste in little things, and to rectify it. You have stood at the head of the Health Retreat as matron, and it was your duty to do this. {8MR 389.2}[5]
§13
本应节省的许多东西现在却浪费了，因为缺乏一位主管能看见、计划并告诉他们应该做什么，一位能正确掌控、言传身教地做这项工作的人。若没有一位领袖给姑娘们树立正确的榜样，她们就不会成为认真、殷勤及节俭的人。如果姑娘们不愿受教，如果她们不愿按你要求的去做，就解雇她们。我知道如果把细心与辛苦的努力带到工作中，我们的宿舍和疗养院就必节省许多。一点面包屑也不应该浪费，除非它被摸过而变质了。要收起剩下的小面包块，用它们做布丁。要减少你的肉食账单，尽量少买肉食。在肉食上的花费超过了必要。关于这个题目的亮光必须照耀出来。剩下的土豆可以用作塞料，放进烤盘，和肉一起烤。这样就不会以全是肉的方式提供肉食了。{8MR389.3}[6]
§14
Much could be saved that is now wasted for the want of a head to see and plan and tell what should be done, one who will take right hold, and by precept and example do this work. Girls will not be conscientious, diligent, and economical unless a right example is given them by the one standing at the head. If the girls are not willing to be taught, if they will not do as you wish them, let them be discharged. I know that much can be saved at our boarding house, and much at the Sanitarium if thoughtfulness and painstaking effort is brought into the work. Not one crumb of bread should be wasted unless it has been spoiled by being handled. Take the bits of bread that are left, and use them for puddings. Lessen your meat bills by buying as little meat as possible. More than is necessary is expended for meat. Light must shine forth on this subject. The potatoes that are left can be used for stuffing, put into a pan, and baked with the meat. Then the meat will not be served in the most concentrated form. {8MR 389.3}[6]
§15
有千百种方式会导致一点点的浪费，而这最终造成大损失。若是小小的浪费都得到彻底的照顾，机构中就会有一些利润可用。然而加利福尼亚许多姑娘都不知道节约是什么意思。她们没有受教育要节约小东西。姑娘们出去工作，要是她们能有特权得到大量供应，随意挥霍所提供的食材，就做一手好菜。她们非但不节约，把剩下的零碎收集起来，什么都不浪费，反而浪费很多，很多东西必须再买。{8MR390.1}[7]
§16
There are hundreds and hundreds of ways in which a little is lost, and this makes a large loss in the end. If the little wastes are all thoroughly looked after, there will be some margin in the institution to work on. But many of the girls of California know not what economy means. They are not educated to save the little things. Girls go out to work, and they cook well if they can have the privilege of going to a large supply, and using freely and extravagantly the things provided. In the place of saving, of gathering up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost, much is lost that must be purchased again. {8MR 390.1}[7]
§17
我们需要有完全胜任的厨师在我们的各学校工作，好教导青少年如何积少成多。我曾心痛地看到优质的甜饼干和玉米穗午饭后被丢进垃圾桶。玉米原可以从棒子上剥下来，加点牛奶做一道好吃的菜。我不必列举所有可以节省的点点滴滴。{8MR390.2}[8]
§18
We need to have thoroughly competent cooks connected with our schools, that the youth may be taught how to make much out of little. I have been pained as I have seen good, sweet biscuits and ears of corn left from the noon meal thrown into the waste barrel. The corn could have been cut from the cobs, and with a little milk prepared into a palatable dish. I need not enumerate all the jots and tittles that might be saved. {8MR 390.2}[8]
§19
通过在这些方面发挥适当的影响，你可以在家务上教导女孩子。这对她们来说必是极大的福气。{8MR391.1}[9]
§20
By exerting a proper influence in these lines, you may educate girls for domestic service. This will be a great blessing to them. {8MR 391.1}[9]
§21
我们所有的才干都应运用，不可因闲置而生锈。我们所有的影响都应充分发挥。基督在给大批听众吃饱后说：“把剩下的零碎收拾起来，免得有糟蹋的”（约6:12）。这个教训既适用于属世的事务，也适用于属灵的事务。那些不赏识、不充分利用其属灵的福气、收集每一宝贵亮光的人，很快就会变得冷漠和麻木！福气不会临到不珍惜的人。我们所有的体力都是上帝所赐的才干，应为荣耀上帝而用。要承认和发挥我们的影响为属于上帝的。上帝呼吁所有的人都尽心竭力。{8MR391.2}[10]
§22
All our talents should be used; they should not be allowed to rust through inaction. All our influence should be used to the very best account. After Christ fed the multitude, He said, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost. This lesson may apply to spiritual things as well as temporal. Those who do not appreciate and make the best use of their spiritual blessings, gathering up every precious ray of light, will soon become indifferent and inappreciative! Blessings are not given to those who do not value them. All our physical energies as one of Gods talents, should be used to the glory of God. Our influence is to be recognized and employed as belonging to God. God calls upon all to do their best. {8MR 391.2}[10]
§23
我会很高兴在保健院度过许多时间，但就你目前供应餐桌的花费来说，每增加一个人都会增加钱财的支出，我还是慎重地离开。我希望你若摆设如此慷慨的餐桌，就会相应地收费，好有资金剩余。如果得不到什么来鼓励必须做出的改善，这一切的费心劳神又有什么用呢？如果寄宿的人因清淡而有益健康的饮食而减少，就让他们减少吧。要注意一切的浪费。不要允许浪费。我知道在这一点上损失巨大。我必须告诉你们，某弟兄姐妹，你们太害怕寄宿的人了；你们太过努力要满足他们的每一个愿望。我不应该这么做。我应该摆设一桌优质丰盛的菜，不要最昂贵的食物，而要用技巧和关心把食物做得美味可口。我感到着急，保健院应该尽可能地审慎、很有远见而且节俭。（《信函》1884年5号，致圣赫勒那保健院的女主管，1884年2月5日）{8MR391.3}[11]
§24
I would be glad to spend much time at the Health Retreat, but with your present expense to furnish the tables, every additional one increases the outlay of means, and I prudently stay away. I hope that if you set so liberal a table, you will charge accordingly, that there may be a surplus of means. If nothing is gained to help forward the improvements that must be made, what is the use of going to all this trouble and perplexity. If the boarders are lessened by a plain, wholesome diet, let them be lessened. Watch all waste. Do not allow it. I know that there is great loss here. I must tell you, Bro. and Sr. ---, that you are too much afraid of the boarders; you try too hard to meet their every desire. I should not do this. I should set a good liberal table, not getting the most expensive food, but making the fare palatable by skill and care. I felt anxious that the Health Retreat shall be all that prudence, sharp foresight, and economy can make it.--Letter 5, 1884. (To the Matron of the St. Helen Health Retreat, February 5, 1884). {8MR 391.3}[11]
§25
我得以我的简约风格述说这事。我希望你知道这事，普雷斯科特弟兄。关于饮食问题，又发了许多怨言。我想我曾就这个问题写过东西，还有一篇文章等着要在某个时间抄录出来，实足等了四个月了，然而每一个月都有那么多事压着，我还没有把它交给我的抄写员，然而下一批邮件我要把它寄出去。{8MR392.1}[12]
§26
I have to tell the matter in my simple style. I want you to know this, Brother Prescott. Again much complaint is made in reference to the diet question. I had written, I think, something in regard to this matter, and have had an article waiting to be copied some time, all of four months, but every month brought so great a pressure of matter I did not present it to my copyist, but next mail it shall be sent. {8MR 392.1}[12]
§27
我不知道是谁在（巴特尔克里克）食堂里烹饪。但我劝你一定要让充分明白如何正确为学生烹饪的人来负责大学生的烹饪，使学生们出去的时候，会掌握卫生烹饪的最佳知识。按欧洲餐馆风味为餐桌预备的多液体食物、糕点和甜食，不是适合摆在饥饿学生面前的食物。他们的胃口会急于吞咽最丰盛的食物。{8MR392.2}[13]
§28
I know not who is cook at the [Battle Creek] boarding hall, but I beseech you, do not place any persons to oversee the cooking of food for the college students unless they have a thorough knowledge of the right kind of cooking that the students shall take away with them the very best intelligence of what hygienic cooking means. The much liquid food, the pastries, the desserts prepared for the table after European hotel fashion, is not the proper food to place before a hungry lot of students, whose appetites are keen to devour the most substantial food. {8MR 392.2}[13]
§29
要聘用技术最精湛的厨师。要是我对你自己的家说话，我也会这样说的。但现在不只是你自己的家庭，我是在为作为上帝产业的孩子们的利益说话。不可用人的观念、口味、风俗或习惯来主宰食堂的餐桌。要聘请最好的厨师，并配有助手，让她作为厨房的主管实施监督。学生们食宿是付了费的。应该给他们提供优质、丰富、营养的食物。{8MR392.3}[14]
§30
The very best thorough cook should be employed. If it were to your own family I was speaking I would say the same. But it is not merely your own family, but it is in behalf of Gods heritage of children I am speaking. No one persons ideas, or tastes or customs, or habits are to control the boarding house table, but obtain the very best cook, and have helps that she as matron in the kitchen shall oversee. The students pay for their board, and give them good solid nourishing food. {8MR 392.3}[14]
§31
我亲爱的弟兄啊，愿上帝赐给你属天的智慧，然而为基督的缘故不要以世间流行的习惯将外邦人的做法引进学校，好像这就是他们很有必要获得的教育似的。这不是。我知道我在说什么。关于给学校的建筑附加的东西，和给巴特尔克里克的其它建筑附加的东西，现在你知道一些我为何感到心痛的原因了。（《信函》1893年46号，致W.W.普雷斯科特，1893年9月5日）{8MR393.1}[15]
§32
God give you, my dear brother, heavenly wisdom, but for Christs sake do not introduce practices of the Gentiles in worldly fashionable habits into the school as though this were the education so essential for them to have. It is not. I know whereof I speak. Now you have some of my reasons why I felt pained in regard to additions being made to the school building, and to the other buildings in Battle Creek.--Letter 46, 1893. (To W. W. Prescott, September 5, 1893.) {8MR 393.1}[15]
§33
我们的各机构要防止雇用那些在预备食物方面没有技巧的人。预备会使人赞同健康改良的饮食需要机智和知识。有些人虽被称为好厨师，却只了解如何预备肉食、蔬菜和世界上常用的饮食。但我们需要在卫生保健的方法上受过教育的厨师，以便预备既可口又健康的菜肴。非常缺乏这种品质的厨师。我知道我们有许多极其宝贵能干的人由于饮食不当而去世了。他们的餐桌上曾摆设辣的小苏打饼干，和类似品质的菜肴。{8MR393.2}[16]
§34
Let our institutions guard against employing those who are not skillful in the preparation of food. To prepared dishes that will recommend health reform requires tact and knowledge. There are some who are called good cooks who only understand how to prepared meat and vegetables and the general round of diet used in the world. But we need cooks who are educated in hygienic methods so that they can prepare dishes that will be both palatable and wholesome. There is a great dearth of cooks of this character. I know that many of our most precious, able men have died because of improper diet. There was placed upon their tables hot saleratus biscuits, and dishes of a similar character. {8MR 393.2}[16]
§35
我们各学校中的学生应该受教以致能以美味健康的方式预备食物。他们应该知道如何制作优质的、烤透的甜面包；然而他们却没有必要了解如何做各种各样的蛋糕和引诱人食欲的小玩意儿。烹饪的技术是实际生活中是一门必要的技术，而且必须以较贫穷的阶层也能受益的方式教授这门技术。应当以简单的方式预备简单的食物，然而都要做得更加美味健康，因为简单。{8MR393.3}[17]
§36
The students in our schools should be educated so that they can prepare food in tasteful, healthful manner. They should know how to make good sweet, thoroughly baked bread; but it is not essential that they understand how to make a great variety of cake and prepare knickknacks to tempt the appetite. The science of cooking is an essential science in practical life, and this science must be taught in such a way that the poorer classes can be benefited. Simple articles of diet should be prepared in a simple manner, and yet be found all the more palatable and wholesome because of their simplicity. {8MR 393.3}[17]
§37
在澳大利亚人们几乎只依赖面包房的面包，而且在早餐、午餐和晚餐都吃肉。所以面包房的面包、肉、水果和蔬菜通常构成了人们的饮食。现在如果以他们认为会比他们习惯的饮食更花钱、花时间、花力气的方式将健康改良的饮食介绍给他们，我担心我们就会在纠正他们的饮食习惯方面取得非常差的进步。我们在这里所需要的是有实际的和家庭节约知识之人的效劳，他们能指教我们如何为平民预备简单的、营养的、可口的饮食。（《信函》1892年19号第9，10页，致J.H.凯洛格，1892年8月5日）{8MR394.1}[18]
§38
In Australia the people depend almost solely on bakers bread, and meat is used at breakfast, dinner, and supper. So bakers bread, meat, fruits and vegetables generally compose the diet of the people. Now if the health reform diet is presented to them in such a way that they think it will cost more money, time, and labor than the diet to which they are accustomed, I fear we shall make very poor headway in correcting their habits. What we need here is the labor of persons who have a knowledge of practical and domestic economy, who can instruct as to how to prepare a simple, nutritious, palatable diet for the common people.--Letter 19, 1892, pp. 9, 10. (To Dr. J. H. Kellogg, August 5, 1892.) {8MR 394.1}[18]
§39
我蒙指示要说，上帝要求在祂的各疗养院中有更大的净化和圣化。那些参与主工作的人要达到远为高尚的标准。一切表面的工夫都要抛弃。一切侍奉上帝的廉价借口都要止息。祂的机构被建立是要荣耀祂的名。祂要在这些机构中获得承认。凡事都要以祂为始为终为至善。然后为这个时候赐给我们的真理才会以令人信服的能力在世人面前站出来。……{8MR394.2}[19]
§40
I am instructed to say that God calls for greater purification and sanctification in His sanitariums. Those connected with the Lords work are to reach a far higher standard. All superficiality is to be put away. All cheap pretense of serving God is to cease. His institutions are established to glorify His name. He is to be recognized in them. He is to be made the first and last and best in everything. Then the truth which have been given us for this time will stand out before the world with convincing power. . . . {8MR 394.2}[19]
§41
担任厨师工作的人，处在责任最重要的位置。他应当接受训练，养成节约的习惯，认识到不应当让食物被浪费掉。基督说：“把剩下的零碎收拾起来，免得有糟蹋的”（约6:12）。但愿参加任何部门工作的人都听从这个指示。教育者要学习节约，并言传身教教导助手们。{8MR394.3}[20]
§42
The one who holds the position as cook has a most responsible place. He should be trained to habits of economy, and should realized that no food is to be wasted. Christ said. Gather up the fragments, that nothing be lost. Let those who are engaged in any department heed this instruction. Economy is to be learned by the educators and taught to the helpers not only by precept, but by example. {8MR 394.3}[20]
§43
要将舍己带入每一个工人日常的经验中。要让他们彼此说：“来吧，我们要完全认真地投入工作中；因为黑夜将到，那时就没有人能做工了。”不要让任何人在应该工作的时候藉着讲话浪费时间。有些时间他没有权利讲话或站着不动。不要引诱他人听你们谈话，使他们虚度光阴。你们在应该做工作的时候闲聊，就不仅浪费了你们的时间，还浪费了别人的时间。灵感之言告诉我们，我们要“殷勤不可懒惰，要心里火热，常常服事主”（罗12:11）。所以就让大家都认真地把握自己的工作吧。{8MR395.1}[21]
§44
Self-denial is to be brought into the daily experience of each worker. Let them say to one another, Come; we will put all earnestness into our labors; for the night is at hand, when no man can work. Let no one lose minutes by talking, when he should be working. There are times when he has no right to talk nor to stand still. Make not others idle by tempting them to listen to your conversation. Not only is your own time lost, but that of others is wasted, when you spend in chatting the time you should spend doing your work. The word of inspiration tells us that we are to be not slothful in business, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. Then let all take hold of the work in earnest. {8MR 395.1}[21]
§45
助手们如果还没有学会敏捷的技术，迅速地做自己的工作，就要立即在这方面训练自己，否则就要接受按劳计酬的办法。每一个人每一天都应该变得更加有效，更加全面，更有帮助。每一个人作为主的助手，都能帮助自己达到越来越高的标准。{8MR395.2}[22]
§46
If helpers have not learned the science of being quick, doing their work with dispatch, let them begin at once to train themselves in this line, or consent that their wages be proportioned to the amount of work done. Every day each one should become more and more efficient, more all-round and helpful. All can individually help themselves to reach a higher and still higher standard, as the Lords helping hand. {8MR 395.2}[22]
§47
那些生性缓慢的人应当逐日训练自己办事更加敏捷，同时也更加仔细。要祈求主帮助你能学会敏捷的技术。目前正是我们认真作工的时候。那些为主作工的人，无论在哪个部门，都要将全部的殷勤投入自己的努力中。要祈求恩典好克服在属世和属灵事物上的无能。要克服懒惰。我们对上帝有信心并对人有真正的爱心时，就会蒙引导忠心地作工。{8MR395.3}[23]
§48
Let those who are naturally slow train themselves day by day to do their work more quickly and at the same time more carefully. Ask the Lord to help you to be able to learn the science of being quick. The present is our time for earnest labor. Let those who work for the Lord, in whatever department it may be, put all diligence into their efforts. Pray for grace to overcome shiftlessness in temporal and spiritual matters. Rise above indolence. We will be led to work faithfully when we have faith in God and a genuine love for souls. {8MR 395.3}[23]
§49
要决心成为主希望你成为的人。要全心全意地工作。我们要尽心、尽意、尽力爱上帝。我们付出推进祂圣工的努力会表明我们的爱。每一个工人都应当乐于忠心地投入时间。人人都应该既作消费者也作生产者，若是蒙召从一个部门到另一个部门，就变得有能力把握不同地方的工作。要追求在每一个工作方面变得有效率。那些认真忠诚的人会从上帝领受知识和悟性，而且能获得机智和独创性，因为他们乐于学习也乐于做事。（《文稿》1901年88号第1-4页，〈疗养院工人〉，1901年）1978年6月21日发布。{8MR396.1}[24]
§50
Be determined to be just what the Lord desires you to be. Put your heart and soul into your work. We are to love God with all our heart, mind, and strength. The efforts we put forth to advance His cause will show our love. Every worker should be willing to put in faithful time. All should be producers as well as consumers, becoming able to take hold of the work in various places, if called from one department to another. Seek to become efficient in every line of the work. Those who are earnest and faithful may receive knowledge and understanding from God, and can gain tact and ingenuity because they are willing to learn and to do.--Ms 88, 1901, pp. 1-4. (Sanitarium Workers, 1901.) Released June 21, 1978. {8MR 396.1}[24]