第143号 关于安息日会学校食品、体..
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第143号 关于安息日会学校食品、体..
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MR No. 143 - Counsel on Food, Manual Labor, and Voice Culture in SDA Schools
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（太平洋联合大学教务长E.C.沃尔特所申请对教育者的勉言，用于学校管理）{2MR217.1}[1]
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[Materials in the field of counsels to educators requested by E. C. Walter, Registrar of Pacific Union College, for use as a school administrator.] {2MR 217.1}[1]
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我不知道是谁在食堂里烹饪。但我劝你一定要让充分明白如何正确烹饪的人来负责大学生的烹饪，使学生们出去的时候，会掌握卫生烹饪的最佳知识。按欧洲酒店风味为餐桌预备的多液体食物、糕点和甜食，不是适合摆在饥饿学生面前的食物。他们的胃口会急于吞咽最丰盛的食物。要聘用技术最精湛的厨师。要是我对你自己的家说话，我也会这样说的。但现在不只是你自己的家庭。我所说的是作为上帝产业的孩子。不可用人的观念、口味、风俗或习惯来主宰食堂的餐桌。但要聘请最好的厨师，并配有助手，让她作为厨房的主管实施监督。学生们食宿是付了费的。应该给他们提供优质、丰富、营养的食物。（《信函》1893年46号第5页，致W.W.普雷斯科特，1893年9月5日）{2MR217.2}[2]
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I know not who is cook at the boarding hall, but I beseech you, do not place any persons to oversee the cooking of food for the college students unless they have a thorough knowledge of the right kind of cooking, that the students shall take away with them the very best intelligence of what hygienic cooking means. The much-liquid food, the pastries, the desserts, prepared for the table after European hotel fashion, is not the proper food to place before a hungry lot of students, whose appetites are keen to devour the most substantial food. The very best, thorough cook should be employed. If I were speaking to your own family, I would say the same. But it is not merely your own family; it is in behalf of Gods heritage of children I am speaking. No one persons ideas, or tastes, or customs, or habits are to control the boarding-house table. But obtain the very best cook, and have helpers that she, as matron in the kitchen, shall oversee. The students pay for their board; give them good, solid, nourishing food.--Letter 46, 1893, p. 5. (To W. W. Prescott, Sept. 5, 1893.) {2MR 217.2}[2]
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所采取的方针直接违背上帝所赐给我的亮光。主已用清楚明确的语言指出，祂不喜欢把这么多重要的机构都集中在巴特尔克里克。我们很快就会明白理由的所在。这不再是信心的问题，而是经验的问题。不把一切都集中在巴特尔克里克，而是把工作分散在更广泛的区域，这更符合上帝的旨意。巴特尔克里克不是全世界都要来顶礼膜拜的耶路撒冷。我们太多的力量集中在那里。其他地方也需要设施和资金建立圣工。表面上看，扩大学校建筑似乎有好处，但这不符合上帝的旨意。……{2MR217.3}[3]
§8
The course that has been pursued is directly contrary to the light which God has given me. It has been stated in distinct, positive language, that God is not pleased with the centering of so many important interests in Battle Creek. The time is close upon us when the reason for this will be understood; it will be no longer a matter of faith, but of experience. Instead of centering everything in Battle Creek, it would be more in harmony with Gods order to let the work be scattered over a greater amount of territory. Battle Creek is not to be a Jerusalem whither all the world are to go up to worship. Too much of our strength is centered there already. In other localities there is need of facilities and means to build up the work. There may be apparent advantages to be derived by the enlargement of the school buildings, but the movement is not in the counsel of God. . . . {2MR 217.3}[3]
§9
青年似乎没有认识到，为基督的缘故克己背十字架应成为他们宗教经验的一部分。他们认为接受供养和教育，化钱满足他们自私放纵的欲望是没有错的。……{2MR218.1}[4]
§10
It is not impressed upon the minds of the young that self-denial, cross-bearing for Christs sake, is to be a part of their religious experience. They think it all right for them to be sustained and educated, and to spend money to gratify their desires for selfish indulgence. . . . {2MR 218.1}[4]
§11
父母和监护人通过言行助长青年的骄傲自负是很危险的。他们所采取宠爱和有求必应的做法，培养了青年自我满足的欲望，使他们所接受品格的模式不适合履行日常生活的普通职责。这些学生来到我们的学校后，不重视自己的特权，不考虑教育的宗旨是预备他们在今生和将来上帝国度的永生中发挥作用。他们的表现就仿佛学校是他们专门从事体育运动的地方，运动是他们教育的主要部分。他们来就是为了这样的教育而接受配备和武装的。这全错了，自始至终都是错的。这决不适合于现在的时代，无法使青年出去胜任传道士的工作，忍受艰难困苦，用他们的才能来荣耀上帝。{2MR218.2}[5]
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There is great danger that parents and guardians, both by words and actions, will encourage self-esteem and self-importance in the youth. They pursue a course of petting, gratifying every whim, and thus foster the desire for self-gratification so that the youth receive a mold of character that unfits them for the commonplace duties of practical life. When these students come to our schools, they do not appreciate their privileges; they do not consider that the purpose of education is to qualify them for usefulness in this life and for the future life in the kingdom of God. They act as if the school were a place where they were to perfect themselves in sports, as if this were an important branch of their education, and they come armed and equipped for this kind of training. This is all wrong, from beginning to end. It is not in any way appropriate for this time; it is not qualifying the youth to go forth as missionaries, to endure hardship and privation, and to use their powers for the glory of God. {2MR 218.2}[5]
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起到运动和休养作用的娱乐不要丢弃；然而必须严格地将它保持在允许的范围之内，免得导致为娱乐本身而喜爱娱乐，滋养自私满足的欲望。……{2MR218.3}[6]
§14
Amusement that serves as exercise and recreation is not to be discarded; nevertheless, it must be kept strictly within bounds, else it leads to love of amusement for its own sake, and nourishes the desire for selfish gratification. . . . {2MR 218.3}[6]
§15
所有的人都需要学习节约。浪费在无意义的事情上，或送给朋友放纵骄傲和自私的每一块钱，都是掠夺上帝的宝库。{2MR219.1}[7]
§16
Let all learn to save, to economize. Every dollar wasted on frivolous things, or given to special friends who will spend it to indulge pride and selfishness, is robbing Gods treasury. {2MR 219.1}[7]
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你为了在运动上取得成功而经受的培训和训练，使你不适合成为耶稣基督忠心的精兵，打祂的仗并获得属灵的胜利。在这些运动比赛中花在买衣服为要作讨人喜悦的表演的钱那么多，原可用来推进上帝在新地区的圣工，把真理的道带给错谬黑暗中的人。甚愿上帝使人人都真正意识到作基督徒是什么意思！基督徒要象基督。祂活着不是为取悦自己。{2MR219.2}[8]
§18
The training and discipline you undergo in order to be successful in your games is not fitting you to become faithful soldiers of Jesus Christ, to fight His battles and gain spiritual victories. The money expended for garments to make a pleasing show in these match games is so much money that might have been used to advance the cause of God in new places, bringing the word of truth to souls in darkness of error. Oh, that God would give all the true sense of what it means to be a Christian! It is to be Christlike. He lived not to please Himself. {2MR 219.2}[8]
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主告诉我许多事情，使我认识到青年因错误的观念而面临的危险。他们不应该被当作婴孩宠爱娇惯，塞给他们钱，好像钱用不完似的。不要让他们觉得有一个银行供他们取款，他们想什么就有什么。要把金钱视为上帝所托付的礼物，要为推进祂的圣工，建立祂的国度所用。不要给青年留下印象，觉得可以用金钱满足他们的欲望。他们应当学习克制自己的欲望。{2MR219.3}[9]
§20
The Lord has presented before me many things and impressed upon me the dangers to which our young men are exposed through erroneous ideas. They are not to be taken up and carried like babies, petted and coddled, and supplied with money as though there was an abundance where that came from. Do not let them feel that there is a bank they can draw upon to supply every supposed want. Money is to be regarded as a gift entrusted to us of God to do His work, to build up His kingdom. The youth are not to receive the impression that it can be used to gratify their desires. They should learn to restrict their desires. {2MR 219.3}[9]
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监护人或任何上帝托以金钱的人决不要任意妄为，引导青年以为在学习生涯中步步会得到支援，从而给他们造成伤害。不应解除他们的一切牵挂和责任。他们应学会自立更生和自养。要让他们认识到有用的劳动，不管多么卑微，也会给他们的体力带来所需要的锻炼。父母和监护人要给青年开好头，然后让他们明白，他们必须充分利用自己的能力，千方百计善用光阴自助。这将与他们所接受的教育具有同等的价值。尽可能靠有用的体力劳动赚钱来支付自己的费用，对他们会大有好处。如果他们象林肯总统和加菲尔德总统那样在贫困的学校中学习克己的功课，他们的品格就会具备真实得多的价值。最优秀最伟大的人，那些勇敢地主持正义的人，都是靠自己的努力成功的。他们没有时间从事闲懒的娱乐，没有钱装备自己进行拳击表演。青年能学会的最有益的功课之一，就是教导他们金钱的价值，使他们能养成勤劳节约的习惯。（《信函》1893年47号，1，6-8页，致W.W.普雷斯科特，1893年10月25日）{2MR219.4}[10]
§22
Let not guardians, or any whom God has entrusted with means, act capriciously and injure our youth by leading them to feel that they are to be assisted at every step in their scholastic life. They should not be relieved of all care and responsibility. They should learn to be self-reliant, self-sustaining. Let them find useful employment, humble though it may be, that will give their physical powers the exercise they need. Parents and guardians should give the youth a start and then let them understand that they must make the very best use of their own powers, improving their time in every way possible to help themselves; this will be as valuable an education as they can have. Useful physical labor in earning means to defray their own expenses as far as possible, will be greatly to their advantage. Their characters will possess far more real worth if they learn the lesson of self-denial in the school of poverty, as did Presidents Lincoln and Garfield. The best and greatest men, those who have stood boldly for the right, have been self-made men. They had no time to devote to idle amusement, no money to spend in equipping themselves for pugilistic performances. Among the most profitable lessons the youth can learn are those which teach them the value of money, and enable them to form habits of industry and economy.--Letter 47, 1893, pp. 1, 6-8. (To W. W. Prescott, Oct. 25, 1893.) {2MR 219.4}[10]
§23
我们的学校在作文、书写和簿记方面有很大的欠缺。这些学科对于实际生活的重要性是与语法学一样的。要把簿记作为一门主课。在二十个人中没有一个人知道如何正确地记账。要重视阅读，因为这门课被大大忽视了。正确的阅读需要大量的训练。由于缺乏这种训练，其他课程的效果会丧失一半。凡不胜任这方面教学，不能教授正确的发音，不知道如何抑扬顿挫的教师，应当先作学生，直到他懂得如何抑扬顿挫、发声清晰圆润为止。……{2MR220.1}[11]
§24
There is a great deficiency in our schools in the line of composition, writing, and bookkeeping. These are as essential for the practical life as the science of grammar. Bookkeeping should stand as one of the most important branches of education. There is not one in twenty who knows how to keep accounts correctly. Attention should also be given to reading, for this is a branch of study greatly neglected. It requires much training to be able to read properly. Through the lack of this training, one-half of the force of the other instruction will be lost. Teachers who are not competent to give instruction in this line, and to teach correct pronunciation, and where to place the emphasis, should become learners till they can read with proper emphasis, and with a full, clear, distinct tone of voice. . . . {2MR 220.1}[11]
§25
教师可以从事比迄今他们所想到的更加伟大的工作。要通过关心的实验塑造心灵、造就品格。在基督的帮助下，这项工作将取得完全的成功。你的工作要结合祈祷和信心，使上帝能尊重你的努力。要以敬畏上帝之心鼓励和加强培养最高才能的每一努力，即使它存在很大的缺欠。{2MR220.2}[12]
§26
The instructors may do a greater work than they have hitherto calculated upon. Minds are to be molded and character developed by interested experiment, which, by the help of Christ, will prove wholly successful. Let your work be blended with prayer and faith that God will honor your efforts. In the fear of God encourage and strengthen every endeavor to develop the highest faculties, even if it is marked with great imperfection. {2MR 220.2}[12]
§27
许多年轻人的心智富有才干，却没有付诸使用，因为他们缺乏机会去发展这些才干。教师们没有认识到需要向上帝求智慧，使他们能看出青年的潜质和前景。他们的体能虽因锻炼而一直在加强；但心智的才能却潜伏着，因为教师们没有运用洞察力和天赐的机智去将这些才能付诸使用。必须帮助青少年自我发展；必须吸引、刺激、鼓励和敦促他们去行动。这只能出于最高的考虑，使他们能荣耀上帝。……{2MR221.1}[13]
§28
The minds of many youth are rich in talents which are put to no available use, because they have lacked opportunity to develop them, and teachers have not felt the necessity of calling upon God for wisdom that they may discern the possibilities and probabilities of the youth. Their physical powers have been strengthened by exercise, but the faculties of the mind lie hidden, because the discernment and God-given tact of the educator have not been exercised in bringing them into use. Aids to self-development must be given to the youth; they must be drawn out, stimulated, and encouraged, and urged to action, and this from the highest consideration only, That they may glorify God. . . . {2MR 221.1}[13]
§29
在我们的学院里，不要有培养智力巨子的野心，而要致力于教育人抱有坚定的原则，为更高的不朽生命而生活，使圣工获得成功。（《文稿》1896年30号1，3，4，8页，〈基督教学院真正的宗旨和目的〉，1896年10月3日）{2MR221.2}[14]
§30
In our college the ambition should not be so great to send forth intellectual giants, as to make a success in the holy work of educating men and women to cherish firm principles, and to live for the higher immortal life. --Ms 30, 1896, pp. 1, 3, 4, 8. (True Aim and Purpose of Christian Colleges, Oct. 3, 1896.) {2MR 221.2}[14]
§31
在研究作者和教科书的同时，学生们应该以同样的努力来研究人体的机器，并且通过把身体的器官运用于体力劳动来展示这个事实。他们就这样回应了他们创造主的旨意，成为靠个人奋斗而成功的人。{2MR221.3}[15]
§32
While studying authors and lesson books part of the time, students should study with the same application of the human machinery, and at the same time demonstrate the fact by using the physical organs in manual labor. Thus they answer the purpose of their Creator. They become self-made men and women. {2MR 221.3}[15]
§33
要是教师们一直在学习主希望他们学习的教训，就不会有一等学生的账单要由别人来付，否则他们离校时就会有重债在身了。教育家们所做的工作还不到一半，他们虽知道一个年轻人要花数年的时间勤奋研究书本，没有设法挣钱支付自己的生活费，却对此事袖手旁观。应当调查每一个人的情况，仁慈关切地询问每一个青年，探知他的经济状况。摆在青年面前的一门最有价值的学科，应当是运用他天赐的理智，与他的体力——头、身子、双手和双足相和谐。正确使用自己乃是所能学得的最有价值的功课。我们不要只动脑子，也不要只用体力，而要充分利用人体机构的各个组成部分——脑、骨骼和肌肉、身子、头和心。凡不明白如何去做这事的人，都不适合传道工作。{2MR221.4}[16]
§34
Had teachers been learning the lessons the Lord would have them learn, there would not be a class of students whose bills must be settled by someone or else they leave the college with a heavy debt hanging over them. Educators are not doing half their work when they know a young man to be devoting years of close application to the study of books, not seeking to earn means to pay his own way, and yet do nothing in the matter. Every case should be investigated; every youth kindly and interestedly inquired after, and his financial situation ascertained. One of the studies put before him as most valuable should be the exercise of his God-given reason in harmony with his physical powers--head, body, hands, and feet. The right use of ones self is the most valuable lesson that can be learned. We are not to do brain work and stop there, or make physical exertions and stop there; but we are to make the very best use of the various parts composing the human machinery--brain, bone, and muscle, body, head, and heart. No man is fit for the ministry who does not understand how to do this. {2MR 221.4}[16]
§35
学习拉丁文和希腊文对我们自己、对世界和对上帝来说远远不如彻底研究和使用整个人体机器来得重要。学习书本知识却忽视研究如何熟悉实际生活中各门实用的学科，乃是一宗罪。就一些人来说，勤奋学习书本知识乃是一种损耗。身体机器缺乏活动导致大量使用脑力。这就使大脑成了魔鬼的加工厂。对我们所居住的人体房屋无知的生活决不是全面的生活。（《信函》1897年103号，2，3页，致E.A.萨瑟兰，1897年7月23日）{2MR222.1}[17]
§36
The study of Latin and Greek is of far less consequence to ourselves, to the world, and to God, than the thorough study and use of the whole human machinery. It is a sin to study books to the neglect of how to become familiar with the various branches of usefulness in practical life. With some, close application to books is a dissipation. The physical machinery being untaxed leads to a great amount of activity in the brain. This becomes the devils workshop. Never can the life that is ignorant of the house we live in be an all-round life.--Letter 103, 1897, pp. 2, 3. (To E. A. Sutherland, July 23, 1897.) {2MR 222.1}[17]
§37
有些学生完全能够担任一部分的教学工作。如果教师能利用这样的助手，就可节省许多精力和体力。可以要求有些学生用部分时间进行教学。不要让学生象圣经里所说的“常常学习，终久不能明白真道”（提后3:7）。要让他们领受了再传授。{2MR222.2}[18]
§38
There are those who are learners who are fully capable of taking some part in the work of instruction. If the teachers will employ the help thus provided, much care and labor will be spared them. There are students who can be asked to spend part of their time in teaching. Students are not to be like those represented in the Word of God as ever learning and never able to come to a knowledge of the truth. They are to receive to impart. {2MR 222.2}[18]
§39
学生不要以为自己若应聘从事阅读、拼写或其他学科的教学，就失去渴望受教的时间。他不应该认为自己是在浪费时间，因为并没有浪费。他在将自己所领受的传授给别人时，就是在预备自己的心灵接受更多的知识。他可以记住，当他尽到自己的努力时，奉差遣为将要承受救恩的人效力的天使会审时度势，引导他的头脑，启发他的悟性，使他的思想能理解所学的课程，并使之豁然开朗。{2MR223.1}[19]
§40
The student should not think that because he is asked to conduct a class in reading or spelling, or some other study, he is being deprived of any of the time he desires for instruction. He should not feel that he is losing time, because he is not. In imparting to others what he has received, he is preparing his mind to receive more. He may remember, as he strives to do his best, that the angels sent forth to minister to those who shall be heirs of salvation, understand the situation and will lead his mind, quickening his understanding and bringing to him thoughts that shed light on the subject under consideration, making it plain and clear. {2MR 223.1}[19]
§41
要让敬畏上帝的青年教师边教边学。当他的心中闪耀出真有价值的念头时，就要感谢上帝，赞美祂涌出一切的福分，认出和答谢祂为所有真正高尚思想的源头。（《信函》1901年142号，4，5页，致E.A.萨瑟兰，1901年10月16日）{2MR223.2}[20]
§42
The youthful teacher who fears God will be instructed while instructing. And as thoughts of real value flash into his mind, let him offer thanksgiving to God, praising him as the One from whom all blessings flow, recognizing and acknowledging Him as the source of all true, noble thoughts. --Letter 142, 1901, pp. 4, 5, (To E. A. Sutherland, Oct. 16, 1901.) {2MR 223.2}[20]
§43
有许多事情要做。你需要教育，教育，再教育。不要让人拿走你们所需要的设施。你们有没有印刷设备？若是没有的话，一定要添置。因为你们有许多东西要自己印刷。要发行书籍和你们工作中所需的其他印刷品。你们要有最好的老师教学生排版和印刷，给他们这类工作所需要的教育。{2MR223.3}[21]
§44
There is much to be done. You now need to educate, educate, educate. Let no one take away your needed facilities. Have you a printing outfit? This you must have, if you do not have it; for you will want to do much of your own printing, issuing the books and other publications which you need in your work. You need the very best educator to teach typesetting and presswork to the students, giving them the education essential for this class of work. {2MR 223.3}[21]
§45
你们还需要所能找到的最好最有经验的会计。要让簿记成为一们固定的课程。要使它成为一个专业。{2MR223.4}[22]
§46
You also need the very best and most experienced bookkeeper that you can secure. Let bookkeeping be one of the regular studies. Make it a specialty. {2MR 223.4}[22]
§47
你们的学校应开设声音的训练。不要忽略这件事。若是表达有缺陷，所有学来的知识都只能发挥很小的作用。声音的训练是非常重要的。传递真理要既优雅又有尊严。{2MR224.1}[23]
§48
Voice culture should be taught in your school. Do not lightly pass over this matter, for if the expression is defective, all the knowledge that shall be obtained will be of but very little use. The cultivation of the voice is of the greatest importance, in order that grace and dignity may be brought into the impartation of truth. {2MR 224.1}[23]
§49
通过学习说话时正确地发声，许多胸腔虚弱的人会挽回自己的性命。要让学生站直挺胸。女子特别需要改善发声。{2MR224.2}[24]
§50
By learning correctly to use the voice in speaking, many who are weak-chested may save their lives. Make the student stand erect, throwing back his shoulders. The ladies especially need to cultivate the voice. {2MR 224.2}[24]
§51
在每一次阅读练习时，须要求学生清楚发声朗读至最后一个音节。要教导学生不要说到句子的最后声音没了。须要求自始至终发声清晰、圆润、饱满，包括最后一个音。{2MR224.3}[25]
§52
In every reading exercise, require the students to speak the words distinctly, clearly pronouncing even the last syllable. Teach the students not to let their voice die away at the end of the sentence. Require a clear, round, full tone of voice to the very close, including the last syllable. {2MR 224.3}[25]
§53
许多人漫不经心地使用他们的发声器官，使这些器官起不了发声的作用。他们如果继续错误地发声说话，就会死于肺病。他们的肺部缺少锻炼，将丧失健康的功能。在呼吸的时候，没有充分地吸入纯洁赐生命的空气，给肺部提供营养，结果肺部就患病了。{2MR224.4}[26]
§54
Many who use their vocal organs in so careless a way that they can scarcely be called vocal organs, if allowed to continue speaking defectively, will die of consumption. For want of exercise, the lungs will lose their healthful action. In the respiration there is not a full inhalation of pure, vital air to give nourishment to the lungs, consequently they become diseased. {2MR 224.4}[26]
§55
要教导大家慢慢说话。不要允许匆匆阅读或匆匆表达。要教导学生吸入上帝所赐维持生命的空气，在呼出来时清晰地说话。空气赐生命的特性就这样得到了利用。（《信函》1901年161号2-4页，致P.T.马根和E.A.萨瑟兰，1901年11月5日）1962年8月29日发表{2MR224.5}[27]
§56
Educate all to speak slowly. Do not allow any hurried reading or rapid delivery. Teach the students to inhale the God-given, vital air, and then in the exhalation clearly express their words. Thus the vital properties of the air are utilized.--Letter 161, 1901, pp. 2-4, (To P. T. Magan and E. A. Sutherland, Nov. 5, 1901.) Released August 29, 1962. {2MR 224.5}[27]