第142号 复临派学校的性质和宗旨
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第142号 复临派学校的性质和宗旨
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MR No. 142 - The Nature and Purpose of Adventist Schools
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（太平洋联合学院教务长E.C.沃尔特申请发表，用于他有关安息日复临信徒教育领域的博士论文。）{2MR211.1}[1]
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[Release requested by E. C. Walter, registrar at Pacific Union College, for use in his doctoral thesis in the field of Seventh-day Adventist education.] {2MR 211.1}[1]
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设立在我们中间的这些机构是要激励和不断提醒这里的教会保守自己在上帝的爱中。青年作为学生来到这里，要接受各门学科的教育。但这是他们学习的目的吗？如果是的话，他们可以到我国任何地方的院校学习。然而这不是我们的目的。（《文稿》1885年第2号第2页，〈在巴特尔克里克会堂的讲道〉，1885年7月25日）{2MR211.2}[2]
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These institutions which are placed here in our midst are one inducement and one constant appeal to the churches here to keep themselves in the love of God. Here is a place for youth where they may come as students to receive an education in the sciences. But is this the end of their work? If it is, they could just as well go to the colleges anywhere in our land, but it is not the end of the matter.--Ms 2, 1885, p. 2. (Sermon in Battle Creek Tabernacle, July 25, 1885.) {2MR 211.2}[2]
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自然界的作者就是圣经的作者。创造和基督教拥有同一位上帝。凡忙于获得知识的人，目的都应是达到最好的进步阶段。要让他们尽快尽远地前进；他们的学习领域应该宽广到足够他们施展自己的能力，以上帝为他们的智慧，紧紧依靠祂，祂在知识上是无限的，祂能显明历代所隐藏的奥秘，祂能为相信祂的人解决一切难题。祂是独一永生、住在人所不能靠近的光里的。（《信函》1894年67号，第6页，致W.W.普雷斯科特，1894年1月18日){2MR211.3}[3]
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The Author of nature is the Author of the Bible. Creation and Christianity have one God. All who engage in the acquisition of knowledge should aim to reach the highest round of progress. Let them advance as fast and as far as they can; let their field of study be as broad as their powers can compass, making God their wisdom, clinging to Him who is infinite in knowledge, who can reveal the secrets hidden for ages, who can solve the most difficult problems for minds that believe in Him who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light that no man can approach unto.--Letter 67, 1894, p. 6. (To W. W. Prescott, Jan. 18, 1894.) {2MR 211.3}[3]
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在正确的教育中，德育、智育和体育必须结合起来。（《信函》1896年60号第5页，致赫伯特.莱西，“给学校的指示”，1896年12月20日）{2MR211.4}[4]
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Physical, mental, and moral industry must be combined in proper education. --Letter 60, 1896, p. 5. (To Herbert Lacey, Instruction to Schools, Dec. 20, 1896.) {2MR 211.4}[4]
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一个熟悉最佳的教学方法，不仅能教授理论，而且能言传身教的教师是十分紧缺的。（《文稿》1897年61号第6页，〈我们学校的工作〉1897年6月8日）{2MR211.5}[5]
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A teacher who has an intelligent knowledge of the best methods and who can not only teach the theory, but can show by example how things should be done, will never be a drug on the market.--Ms 61, 1897, p. 6. (Our School Work, June 8, 1897.) {2MR 211.5}[5]
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有人问：“既然万物的结局近了，为什么你们还要这么大张旗鼓地筹建学校？”正因为万物的结局近了，我们才要把资金投入学校建筑。我们希望呼吁青年离开撒但掌权作主、控制人心的城市，在改革的战线上冲锋陷阵。（《文稿》1898年10a号，第1页，〈建校的必要性〉，1898年2月1日）{2MR212.1}[6]
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The inquiry has been made, If the end of all things is at hand, why are you making such large preparations for schools? It is for the very reason that the end of all things is at hand that we are investing means in school buildings. We desire to call the youth away from the cities where Satan has wrought upon the minds of men under his dominion and power, to work against everything in the line of reform.--Ms 10a, 1898, p. 1. (The Necessity of Establishing Schools, Feb. 1, 1898.) {2MR 212.1}[6]
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根据我所得到的亮光，应该为我们的青年开辟资源，使他们在就学期间能学会如何使用工具。要让学生自己在校园建房。在有经验的工匠，适合耐心温和地进行教学的木工指导之下，让青年学习如何节约地建造。还有，我们的印刷务必在我们主要的学校建立的地方进行。我们要有印刷机和字库，让另一班学生接受训练，从事与排版和印刷有关的一切工作。{2MR212.2}[7]
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From the light given me there is to be opened to our youth means whereby they, while attending the school, may learn how to use tools. Buildings should be erected on the school grounds by the students themselves. Under the guidance of experienced workmen, carpenters who are apt to teach, patient, kind, the youth are to learn how to build economically. Then it is essential that our printing be done where our principal school is established, and we should have a printing press and fonts of type where another class of students may be trained to manage everything connected with typesetting and press work. {2MR 212.2}[7]
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我们的男女青年都要学习如何节俭地烹饪，不用任何肉食。（《文稿》1898年105号1-4页，〈我们的学校应当提供的教育〉，1898年8月26日）{2MR212.3}[8]
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Again, our youth, both men and women, should be taught how to cook savingly, and to dispense with everything in the line of flesh foods.--Ms 105, 1898, pp. 1-4. (The Education Our Schools Should Give, Aug. 26, 1898.) {2MR 212.3}[8]
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你们在求学期间，不要花工夫去学习在你们将来的生活中不会有什么用处的东西。不要设法获得几种外语的知识，而要先努力把母语说得正确。一定要学会如何记账。要学好那些会使你无论在哪里都很有用的学科。（《文稿》1902年125号第5页，《致学生》，1902年10月1日在圣费尔南多学校开学典礼上的讲话，《文稿发布》第900号）{2MR212.4}[9]
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In your school work, do not spend time in learning that which will be of little use to you in your after life. Instead of trying to gain a knowledge of foreign languages, strive first to speak the English language correctly. Be sure to learn how to keep accounts. Gain a knowledge of those lines of study that will help you to be useful wherever you are.--Ms 125, 1902, p. 5. (Words to Students, talk at the opening of the San Fernando School, Oct. 1, 1902; a No. 900 Manuscript Release.) {2MR 212.4}[9]
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声音的训练是一门学科，应当在每一所教育青年的学校中占一席之地。（《信函》1904年367号2，3页，致W.W.辛普森，1904年9月18日）{2MR213.1}[10]
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Voice culture is a study that should find an place in every institution for the education of the youth.--Letter 367, 1904, pp. 2, 3. (To W. W. Simpson, Sept. 18, 1904.) {2MR 213.1}[10]
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一所学校的校长若是分心了，就不可能秉公履职。卡迪弟兄无法公正地对待这所学校。他象以往一样，化太多的时间在其他的园地。学校需要他在场。不应该让学校在校长缺席的情况下无所适从。身为一校之长，他即便不能把全部的时间和精力，也必须把他大部分的时间和精力用在学校里。他应该为学校的成功研究规划，全身心推进学校的工作。{2MR213.2}[11]
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The principal of a school cannot do justice to his work when his interests are divided. Brother Cady cannot do justice to this school and be away in the field so much of the time, as has been the case in the past. The school needs his presence. It should not be left to the uncertainty that arises when the one who stands at its head is absent. The one who stands as principal should devote the greater part, if not all, of his time and energy to the school. He should study and plan for its success, and should put his whole soul into an effort for its advancement. {2MR 213.2}[11]
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让学生自行选择学科是不对的。在过去的年间，希尔兹堡的学校就犯了这样的错误。结果，并未掌握普通学科的学生，却试图攀登比他们的学识更高的地位。一些连母语都说不好的人居然想学外语。正确读写本国语言的知识比外语的知识更加重要。{2MR213.3}[12]
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It is a mistake to allow students to choose their studies. In years past this mistake has been made in the Healdsburg school. As a result, students who had not mastered the common branches have sought to climb higher than they were prepared to go. Some who could not speak the English language correctly have desired to take up the study of foreign languages. A knowledge of how to speak and write our own language correctly is more important to us than the knowledge of a foreign language. {2MR 213.3}[12]
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声音训练的重要性。主指示我：声音的训练是非常重要的。学生所接受的训练应能使他们把所领受的知识传播出去。如果不教导他们阅读和说话时做到缓慢清晰、抑扬顿挫，他们教别人怎么会有良好的效果呢？不要让他们说得太快，叫人听不明白。要清楚地说出每一个词，每一个音节。{2MR213.4}[13]
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The Importance of Voice Culture. Voice culture is presented to me as of the greatest importance. Students should receive a training that will prepare them to impart the knowledge they receive. Unless they are taught to read and speak slowly and distinctly, with clearness and force, placing the emphasis where it belongs, how can they teach with any good effect? They should not be allowed to speak so fast that they cannot be clearly understood. Every word, every syllable, should be plainly spoken. {2MR 213.4}[13]
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不要教学生用喉咙说话，而要运用腹部的肌肉。喉咙只是发声的通道。公共演讲的人若是学会了正确地发声，就不会有那么多喉咙的毛病了。{2MR214.1}[14]
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Students should be taught not to speak from the throat, but to bring the abdominal muscles into action. The throat is only the channel through which the voice is to pass. If public speakers would learn to use the voice properly, there would not be so much throat trouble among them. {2MR 214.1}[14]
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那些要进入园地担任教师和传道士的人应当接受训练，使他们说话能引起人们对他们所宣讲宝贵真理的兴趣。一个人可能没有很多的知识，但是他的声音若是经过训练，能清晰地传达他所知道的知识，他就能取得很大的成就。但是如果一个人不能有力地传达他的知识，即使他满腹经纶，那又有什么用呢？{2MR214.2}[15]
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Those who are to go into the field as teachers and ministers should be trained to speak in a way that will arouse an interest in the precious truths which they present. A man may not have so much knowledge, yet he can accomplish much if he has a voice so well trained that he can impart clearly that which he knows. But if a man cannot tell in a forcible manner what he knows, of what benefit is his learning, even though his mind be stored with knowledge? {2MR 214.2}[15]
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卡迪教授：我们需要提供专业的声音训练老师，还是在所有的教师中推广这门学科的教学？{2MR214.3}[16]
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PROF. CADY: SHOULD WE PROVIDE A SPECIAL INSTRUCTOR FOR VOICE- TRAINING, OR SHOULD WE DISTRIBUTE THE TEACHING OF THIS BRANCH AMONG ALL THE INSTRUCTORS? {2MR 214.3}[16]
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怀爱伦夫人：最聪明的做法是尝试一下。在确定哪一种方法最好之前，你们必须做大量的试验。你如果认识特别适合从事声音训练的老师，最好聘用他。我知道声音是能够而且必须训练的。主希望我们学校的教师充分开发自己，并教导学生也充分开发自己。{2MR214.4}[17]
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Mrs. E. G. White: The wisest thing to do is to experiment. You will have to do much experimenting before you can decide upon the best methods. If you should know of someone who is especially fitted to teach voice culture, it might be best to secure his services. I know that the voice can and must be trained. The Lord wants the teachers in our schools to make the most of themselves, and to teach the students to make the most of themselves. {2MR 214.4}[17]
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普通学科的价值。必须教导学生正确地拼字和清晰地写字。要提供学生这些学科的充分训练。有些负责人员、医师、律师、甚至编辑，写的字很难认出来。他们的教育有重大的失误。{2MR214.5}[18]
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The Value of the Common Branches. It is important that students be taught to spell correctly and to write plainly. They should be given a thorough drill in these branches. There are men in responsible positions, physicians, lawyers, and even editors, whose writing can scarcely be read. A great mistake has been made in their education. {2MR 214.5}[18]
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教育工作必须从阶梯的最低级向上攀登。许多自以为毕业了的人在拼字和书写时错误百出。他们既不会正确的阅读，也不能正确地讲话。他们必须回过头来从阶梯的最低级开始攀登。{2MR215.1}[19]
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In education the work of climbing must begin at the lowest round of the ladder. There are many who feel that they have finished their education, but who are faulty in spelling and in writing, and who can neither speak nor read correctly. These need to go back and begin to climb from the first round of the ladder. {2MR 215.1}[19]
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我们的学校若把声音的训练、阅读、写作和拼写置于正确的地位，就会发生巨大的变化。过去这方面由于教师没有认识到其价值而受到了忽视。但这些比拉丁文和希腊文更加重要。我并不是说学习拉丁文和希腊文不对，我是说忽视基础功课去苦学拉丁文和希腊文是不对的。{2MR215.2}[20]
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When voice culture, reading, writing, and spelling take their rightful place in our schools, a great change for the better will be seen. These subjects have been neglected, because our teachers have not realized their value. But they are more important than Latin or Greek. I do not say that it is a wrong to study Latin or Greek, but I do say that it is a wrong to neglect the subjects that lie at the foundation of education in order to tax the mind with the study of Latin and Greek. {2MR 215.2}[20]
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分级的问题。年级制度有时会妨碍学生的真正进步。一些学生起初进步缓慢。教师需要表现极大的耐心，不久之后，这些学生学习进步的速度就会使教师惊奇不已。另一些学生看起来也许很有才气，但日后将显明他们是起先发育太快了。死板地把学生限制在各年级中的做法是不智的。{2MR215.3}[21]
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The Question of Grading. The system of grading is a hindrance to the pupils real progress. Some pupils are slow at first, and the teacher needs to exercise great patience. But these pupils may, after a short time, learn so rapidly as to astonish him. Others may appear to be very brilliant, but time may show that they have blossomed too suddenly. The system of confining children rigidly to grades is not wise. {2MR 215.3}[21]
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A.T.琼斯：越早取消分级制，使教师能接近孩子，那就越好。{2MR215.4}[22]
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A. T. JONES: THE SOONER GRADES ARE DONE AWAY WITH, SO THAT THE TEACHER CAN GET CLOSE TO THE CHILDREN, THE BETTER. {2MR 215.4}[22]
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怀爱伦夫人：我知道我们的教育者一旦学到了教育的真原则，就会找到更好的制度。……{2MR215.5}[23]
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Mrs. E. G. White: I know that some better system can be found just as soon as our instructors learn the true principles of education. . . . {2MR 215.5}[23]
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你们已开始走上正确的道路。学生们必须到户外劳动。他们的肌肉必须维护在健康状态，使头脑保持清晰。大脑的健康取决于人体机器其他部分的健康。你不必因花费在实业部门的精力而灰心。这种经验会使你在将来避免更大的损失。实业劳动对于学生来说是很大的帮助和福气。……{2MR215.6}[24]
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You have begun in the right way. Students must have outdoor labor, that their muscles may be kept in a healthy condition, that the brain may be kept clear. The health of the brain depends on the health of the other parts of the human machinery. You need not be discouraged because there has been a loss in the industrial departments. This experience may save you from a larger loss in the future. Industrial work is a great help and blessing to the students. . . . {2MR 215.6}[24]
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体力劳动培训对学生所发挥向善的影响可抵消财政上的亏损而有余，将是它本来的十倍。这项工作已经帮助多少人得救，非到审判之时是不得而知的。撒但总要找点坏事给闲懒的手去干，但学生若积极从事有用的工作，上帝就有机会为他们工作。（《文稿》1903年69号，1-4；7-9页，怀爱伦夫人在希尔兹堡学院董事会上的讲话：〈关于学校工作的指示〉，1903年7月7日）1962年8月29日发表{2MR216.1}[25]
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The influence for good that the manual training work has exerted over the students overbalances the financial loss, and would overbalance it were it ten times as large as it is. How many souls this work has helped to save, you will never know till the day of judgment. Satan finds some mischief still for idle hands to do. But when students are kept busy in useful labor, the Lord has opportunity to work with them.--Ms 69, 1903, pp. 1-4, 7-9. (Talk given by Mrs. E. G. White at Healdsburg College board meeting, Instruction Regarding School Work, July 7, 1903.) Released August 29, 1962. {2MR 216.1}[25]