第62章 中世纪的改革家
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第62章 中世纪的改革家
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Chap. 62—Medieval Reformers
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【威克里夫】
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能干的教师和传道人——威克里夫是一个精明强干的教师，也是一个富有口才的传道人。他在日常生活上实践他所传讲的真理。他那对于圣经的知识，辩证的能力，和生活的纯正，以及他那不屈不挠的勇敢和正气，博得一般人的尊敬和信任。--GC81.{VSS379.1}[1]
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【Wycliffe】
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Able Teacher and Preacher—He was an able and earnest teacher, and an eloquent preacher, and his daily life was a demonstration of the truths he preached. His knowledge of the Scriptures, the force of his reasoning, the purity of his life, and his unbending courage and integrity, won for him general esteem and confidence.—The Great Controversy, 81.?{VSS 379.1}[1]
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毫无畏惧——威克里夫立即上诉于英国议院。他毫无忌惮地当着众议员控告罗马教廷，并要求对罗马教所赞许的诸多弊端进行改革。他有力地抨击罗马教廷僭越权限和腐化败坏的作为。--GC89.{VSS379.2}[2]
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Lack of Fear—Wycliffe appealed from the synod to Parliament; he fearlessly arraigned the hierarchy before the national council, and demanded a reform of the enormous abuses sanctioned by the church. With convincing power he portrayed the usurpations and corruptions of the papal see.—The Great Controversy, 89.?{VSS 379.2}[2]
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勇敢和谦逊——他勇敢地坚持自己的教义，并反驳了敌人的控告。他一时忘记了自己和自己的地位，以及当时的场合，却把听众带到上帝的审判台前；并把他们那似是而非的理论，和欺骗人的虚言放在永恒真理的天秤上衡量一下。--GC90.{VSS379.3}[3]
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Fearlessness and Humility—He fearlessly maintained his teachings, and repelled the accusations of his persecutors. Losing sight of himself, of his position, of the occasion, he summoned his hearers before the divine tribunal, and weighed their?sophistries and deceptions in the balances of eternal truth.—The Great Controversy, 90.?{VSS 379.3}[3]
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宣讲上帝的道——然而胡斯开始改革运动乃是在另一个工作场所。他作了神父数年之后，被委作布拉格城内伯利恒堂的传道士。该堂的创办者曾竭力主张用民间流行的方言宣讲圣经。这种习惯虽为罗马教廷所反对，但在波希米亚境内始终没有完全停止。当时对圣经有认识的人极少，而且社会各阶层中普遍存在着极腐败的现象。胡斯毫不留情地斥责这些罪恶，用圣经的话来增强他所宣传真实和纯正的道。--GC99.{VSS380.1}[4]
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【Huss】
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Preacher of God’s Word—But it was in another field that Huss began the work of reform. Several years after taking priest’s orders he was appointed preacher of the chapel of Bethlehem. The founder of this chapel had advocated, as a matter of great importance, the preaching of the Scriptures in the language of the people. Notwithstanding Rome’s opposition to this practice, it had not been wholly discontinued in Bohemia. But there was great ignorance of the Bible, and the worst vices prevailed among the people of all ranks. These evils Huss unsparingly denounced, appealing to the Word of God to enforce the principles of truth and purity which he inculcated.—The Great Controversy, 99.?{VSS 380.1}[4]
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清晰而有力——结果耶罗的话引起了普遍的惊异和感佩，连他的仇敌也不得不希奇。因为他被囚在地窖里已有一年之久，非但不能看书，就是什么东西也都看不见，同时他不断地受肉体上的痛苦和思想方面的焦虑。但这次他所提出的理由是那么清晰而有力，好像是他在牢狱中有过良好的机会进行研究一样。--GC112,113.{VSS380.2}[5]
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【Jerome】
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Clarity and Power—The words of Jerome excited astonishment and admiration, even in his enemies. For a whole year he had been immured in a dungeon, unable to read or even to see, in great physical suffering and mental anxiety. Yet his arguments were presented with as much clearness and power as if he had had undisturbed opportunity for study.—The Great Controversy, 112, 113.?{VSS 380.2}[5]
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深切的热忱——后来路德被封为神父，又被威丁堡大学聘任为教授，他就离开了修道院。在大学里，他专心研究原文圣经，又开始讲授圣经，将《诗篇》，福音书和新约书信讲给成群欢喜倾听的人听。那时他已经是很熟悉圣经的了，而且有上帝的恩典在他身上。他的口才吸引了他的听众。他使真理显得清楚有力，使众人感悟而折服，他的热忱熔化了他们的心。--SR341.{VSS381.1}[6]
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【Luther】
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Deep Fervor—Luther was ordained a priest, and was called from the cloister to a professorship in the University of Wittenberg. Here he applied himself to the study of the Scriptures in the original tongues. He began to lecture upon the Bible; and the book of Psalms, the Gospels, and the Epistles were opened to the understanding of crowds of delighted listeners. He was mighty in the Scriptures and the grace of God rested upon him. His eloquence captivated his hearers, the clearness and power with which he presented the truth convinced their understanding, and his deep fervor touched their hearts.—The Story of Redemption, 341.?{VSS 381.1}[6]
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无畏的风度——他简明话语之中所含的力量，他那无畏的风度和沉着，富有表情的眼目，以及一言一行所表达的坚强意志在会众身上留下了深刻的印象。很明显的，无论是利诱或是恫吓，都不能使他屈服于罗马的命令。{VSS381.2}[7]
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Fearless Bearing—The simple energy of his words, his fearless bearing, his calm, speaking eye, and the unalterable determination expressed in every word and act made a deep impression upon the assembly. It was evident that he could not be induced, either by promises or threats, to yield to the mandate of Rome.?{VSS 381.2}[7]
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藉着路德的见证，基督已经用大能和威严讲话，并一时令朋友和敌人都肃然起敬而大为惊奇。--SR348.{VSS381.3}[8]
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Christ had spoken through Luther’s testimony with a power and grandeur that for the time inspired both friends and foes with awe and wonder.—The Story of Redemption, 348.?{VSS 381.3}[8]
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上帝所拣选的器皿——路德乃是上帝所拣选的器皿，要扯掉罗马教伪善的外衣，揭露她的腐败。他热切地扬声，并且以圣灵的能力大声反对并斥责民中领袖们现存的罪恶。--1T372.{VSS381.4}[9]
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God’s Chosen Instrument—Luther was God’s chosen instrument to tear off the garb of hypocrisy from the papal church and expose her corruption. He raised his voice zealously, and in the power of?the Holy Spirit cried out against and rebuked the existing sins of the leaders of the people.—Testimonies for the Church 1:372.?{VSS 381.4}[9]
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镇静有威严的能力——路德镇静有威严的能力抑制了他的敌人，给了罗马教最可怕的打击。--1T373.{VSS382.1}[10]
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Calm, Dignified Power—The calm, dignified power of Luther humbled his enemies, and dealt a most dreadful blow to the papacy.—Testimonies for the Church 1:373.?{VSS 382.1}[10]
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带有威严的话——路德的祈祷蒙了垂听。当他面对自己的敌人时，他的勇气和信心又回来了。他站在那里，温柔如羔羊，在他周围是世上的大人物们，他们象愤怒的狼一样，紧盯着他，希望他对他们的权势和伟大心生敬畏。但他已持住了上帝的力量，并不惧怕。他所说的话带有的威严和能力使他的敌人不能做什么反对他的事。……{VSS382.2}[11]
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Words With Majesty—Luther’s prayer was heard. His courage and faith returned as he met his enemies. Meek as a lamb he stood, surrounded by the great men of the earth, who, like angry wolves, fastened their eyes upon him, hoping to awe him with their power and greatness. But he had taken hold of the strength of God and feared not. His words were spoken with such majesty and power that his enemies could do nothing against him....?{VSS 382.2}[11]
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路德沉稳镇静的风度与那些所谓伟人表现的激动和恼怒形成了鲜明的对比。他们不能威吓他放弃真理。在高贵的简朴和沉着的坚定中，他稳如磐石地站立着。--1T374,375.{VSS382.3}[12]
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The calm bearing of Luther was in striking contrast to the passion and rage exhibited by those so-called great men. They could not frighten him into a recantation of the truth. In noble simplicity and calm firmness he stood like a rock.—Testimonies for the Church 1:374, 375.?{VSS 382.3}[12]
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有力的解释——在下一次的会谈中，路德对自己的主见作了一个清楚，简明而有力的解释，其中引证了许多经文作为根据。--GC136.{VSS382.4}[13]
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Forcible Exposition—At the next interview, Luther presented a clear, concise, and forcible exposition of his views, fully supported by many quotations from Scripture.—The Great Controversy, 136.?{VSS 382.4}[13]
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严肃而诚恳——他的话严肃而诚恳，给了他一种能力，甚至他的敌人也不能完全抗拒。--GC154.{VSS382.5}[14]
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Solemnity and Earnestness—The solemnity and deep earnestness of his words gave him a power that even his enemies could not wholly withstand.—The Great Controversy, 154.?{VSS 382.5}[14]
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慎重而庄严——“因为这个缘故，我谦卑地恳求皇上，赐我充足的时间加以思考，使我的答复不致触犯上帝的道”。{VSS383.1}[15]
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Prudence and Dignity—“For this reason I entreat your imperial majesty, with all humility, to allow me time, that I may answer without offending against the Word of God.”?{VSS 383.1}[15]
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路德提出这个请求，乃是智慧之举。他使大会看出他行事不是出于情感的冲动。他这样镇静和自制——在他这向来表现自己是勇敢而不肯妥协的一个人，是出乎意料之外的，并且增强了他的力量，使他此后在答复这个问题时，可以表现得慎重而果断，智慧而庄严，以致他的敌人都感到惊奇而失望，使他们的傲慢和自大受到斥责。--GC156.{VSS383.2}[16]
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In making this request, Luther moved wisely. His course convinced the assembly that he did not act from passion or impulse. Such calmness and self-command, unexpected in one who had shown himself bold and uncompromising, added to his power, and enabled him afterward to answer with a prudence, decision, wisdom, and dignity that surprised and disappointed his adversaries, and rebuked their insolence and pride.—The Great Controversy, 156.?{VSS 383.2}[16]
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小心为辩护作准备——路德既能坚心依靠上帝，便下手为他前面的斗争作准备。他考虑了应怎样答复，检查了自己的著作，并从圣经中引证了合适的经文来证明自己的论点。--GC157.{VSS383.3}[17]
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Careful Preparation of His Defense—With his mind stayed upon God, Luther prepared for the struggle before him. He thought upon the plan of his answer, examined passages in his own writings, and drew from the Holy Scriptures suitable proofs to sustain his positions.—The Great Controversy, 157.?{VSS 383.3}[17]
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缓和而谦卑的声调——皇帝的大臣现在要他肯定地答复是否愿意撤回他所讲的道理。路德用一种缓和而谦卑的声调作了答复，既不激昂，又不急躁。他的举止谦恭有礼，同时也表现有信心和喜乐，使会众感到惊奇。--GC158.{VSS383.4}[18]
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Subdued, Humble Tone—The imperial officer now demanded his decision as to whether he desired to retract his doctrines. Luther made his answer in a subdued and humble tone, without violence or passion. His demeanor was diffident and respectful; yet he manifested a confidence and joy that surprised the assembly.—The Great Controversy, 158.?{VSS 383.4}[18]
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勇敢和毅力——路德有力而清晰的理论，和他所表现的勇敢和毅力，使各派的人都很惊奇。--GC160,161.{VSS383.5}[19]
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Courage and Firmness—The courage and firmness which he now displayed, as well as the power and clearness of his reasoning, filled all parties with surprise.—The Great Controversy, 160, 161.?{VSS 383.5}[19]
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在上帝面前——罗马教的权势曾经使君王与贵族颤抖不已，而现在竟被一个卑微的修道士如此藐视，罗马教廷的领袖们就恼羞成怒。他们巴不得能用苦刑把他折磨至死，使他尝受他们的忿怒。路德明知自己的危险，但他在大会中说话，仍然表现一种基督化的庄严和沉着。他的话语里没有一点骄傲，感情的冲动或虚伪的作风。他竟忘记了自己和那些包围着他的大人物，只感觉到自己是站在那远远超过皇帝，君王，教皇和主教之上的圣者面前。藉着路德的见证，基督已经用大能和威严讲话，并一时令他的朋友和敌人都肃然起敬而大为惊奇。……{VSS384.1}[20]
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In the Presence of God—The papal leaders were chagrined that their power, which had caused kings and nobles to tremble, should be thus despised by a humble monk; they longed to make him feel their wrath by torturing his life away. But Luther, understanding his danger, had spoken to all with Christian dignity and calmness. His words had been free from pride, passion, and misrepresentation. He had lost sight of himself, and of the great men surrounding him, and felt only that he was in the presence of One infinitely superior to popes, prelates, kings, and emperors. Christ had spoken through Luther’s testimony with a power and grandeur that for the time inspired both friends and foes with awe and wonder....?{VSS 384.1}[20]
§48
选侯腓特烈曾经热切地期待着路德出席议会。他现在深深感动地听着他的演说。他亲眼见到路德的勇敢，坚决和沉着，就深觉喜乐而骄傲，并决意要更加努力地维护他。--GC161,162.{VSS384.2}[21]
§49
The elector Frederick had looked forward anxiously to Luther’s appearance before the Diet, and with deep emotion he listened to his speech. With joy and pride he witnessed the doctor’s courage, firmness, and self-possession, and determined to stand more firmly in his defense.—The Great Controversy, 161, 162.?{VSS 384.2}[21]
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清楚的辩证——双方代表（爱克兰帕底和艾克）的对照不是没有效果的。改革家用那么谦恭的态度所作稳健而清楚的辩证，打动了众人的心，使他们厌弃艾克以傲慢暴躁的态度所作的武断。--GC184.{VSS384.3}[22]
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Clear Reasoning—The contrast between the two disputants [Oecolampadius and Eck] was not without effect. The calm, clear reasoning of the Reformer, so gently and modestly presented, appealed to minds that turned in disgust from Eck’s boastful and boisterous assumptions.—The Great Controversy, 184.?{VSS 384.3}[22]
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【卫斯理兄弟和怀特腓德】
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称义和更新——卫斯理终身宣传他所领受的伟大真理──因信基督赎罪的血而称义，并因圣灵在人心中所运行更新的能力，而使生活结出与基督榜样相符的果子。{VSS384.4}[23]
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【The Wesleys and Whitefield】
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Justification and Renewal—Wesley’s life was?devoted to the preaching of the great truths which he had received—justification through faith in the atoning blood of Christ, and the renewing power of the Holy Spirit upon the heart, bringing forth fruit in a life conformed to the example of Christ.?{VSS 384.4}[23]
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怀特腓德和卫斯理兄弟过去既为自己可怜的状况经受长期和严厉的自责，就为自己的工作作了准备；同时为要使他们能像基督的精兵一样忍受苦难起见，他们已经过了火炼的试验，在大学里并在开始服务的时候遭讥诮，侮辱和逼迫。……{VSS385.1}[24]
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Whitefield and the Wesleys had been prepared for their work by long and sharp personal convictions of their own lost condition; and that they might be able to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ, they had been subjected to the fiery ordeal of scorn, derision, and persecution, both in the university and as they were entering the ministry....?{VSS 385.1}[24]
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他们既是英国国教的教友，就固守她敬拜的仪式。但主已经在圣经中向他们提出一个更高的标准。圣灵督促他们传讲基督并祂钉十字架的福音。有至高者的能力随着他们。千万人信服并真心悔改了。这些羊群必须受到保护，脱离残暴豺狼的伤害。卫斯理本来没有意思成立一个新的宗派，只是在所谓“美以美团契”的名义之下把信徒组织起来。--GC256,257.{VSS385.2}[25]
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As members of the Church of England, they were strongly attached to her forms of worship, but the Lord had presented before them in His Word a higher standard. The Holy Spirit urged them to preach Christ and Him crucified. The power of the Highest attended their labors. Thousands were convicted and truly converted. It was necessary that these sheep be protected from ravening wolves. Wesley had no thought of forming a new denomination, but he organized them under what was called the Methodist Connection.—The Great Controversy, 256, 257.?{VSS 385.2}[25]
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上帝恩典的福音——这样，卫斯理宣讲上帝恩惠的福音时，也像他的主一样，设法“使律法为大，为尊。”他忠心地完成了上帝所交付给他的工作。同时，上帝所让他看到的结果是光荣的。当他漫长的八十余年——旅行布道的时间达半个世纪以上——的一生结束的时候，他的门人竟有五十余万之多。至于那些藉着他的工作而从罪恶的败亡和堕落之中被提拔起，过一种更高尚更纯洁之生活的人，以及那些因了他的训教而得到更深刻更丰富之经验的人，其数目的多少非到得赎之人完全聚集到上帝国的时候，是无法知道的。他的人生给予每个基督徒一个极宝贵的教训。惟愿基督这个仆人的信心、谦卑、不倦的热诚、自我牺牲和虔诚，能在今日的教会中反映出来！--GC264.{VSS385.3}[26]
§61
Gospel of the Grace of God—Thus while preaching the gospel of the grace of God, [John] Wesley, like his Master, sought to “magnify the law, and make it honorable.” Faithfully did he accomplish the work given him of God, and glorious were the results which he was permitted to behold. At the close of his long life of more than fourscore years—above half a century spent in itinerant ministry—?his avowed adherents numbered more than half a million souls. But the multitude that through his labors had been lifted from the ruin and degradation of sin to a higher and a purer life, and the number who by his teaching had attained to a deeper and richer experience, will never be known till the whole family of the redeemed shall be gathered into the kingdom of God. His life presents a lesson of priceless worth to every Christian. Would that the faith and humility, the untiring zeal, self-sacrifice, and devotion of this servant of Christ, might be reflected in the churches of today!—The Great Controversy, 264.?{VSS 385.3}[26]
§62
【改革时代卑微的人】
§63
简单率直的理论——有许多人想藉着争论、诡辩、教父的传说、以及教会的权威，来推翻真理。所以真理的拥护者不得不用圣经来维护第四诫的威信。这些卑微的人以真理的圣经为唯一的武器来反抗学者和名人的攻击，使他们既表惊异又感恼怒，发觉自己的巧言诡辩竟无力对抗那些不懂得烦琐哲学而精通圣经之人的简单率直的理论。--GC455.{VSS386.1}[27]
§64
【Humble Men of Reformation Times】
§65
Simple, Straightforward Reasoning—By argument, sophistry, the traditions of the Fathers, and the authority of the church, many endeavored to overthrow the truth. Its advocates were driven to their Bibles to defend the validity of the fourth commandment. Humble men, armed with the Word of truth alone, withstood the attacks of men of learning, who, with surprise and anger, found their eloquent sophistry powerless against the simple, straightforward reasoning of men who were versed in the Scriptures rather than in the subtleties of the schools.—The Great Controversy, 455.?{VSS 386.1}[27]