第48章 改革运动的进展
§1
第48章 改革运动的进展
§2
Chap. 48 - Progress of the Reformation
§3
德皇查理五世即位，罗马的使臣急忙前来道贺，并劝诱皇帝用他的权力来镇压宗教改革运动。在另一方面，撒克逊选侯利用查理因获得皇位而对他的感激，便请求查理在审问路德之前，不要采取任何干涉他的行动。{SR 346.1}[1]
§4
A NEW emperor, Charles the Fifth, had ascended the throne of Germany, and the emissaries of Rome hastened to present their congratulations, and induce the monarch to employ his power against the Reformation. On the other hand, the Elector of Saxony, to whom Charles was in great degree indebted for his crown, entreated him to take no step against Luther until he should have granted him a hearing. {SR 346.1}[1]
§5
查理即位不久，便决定在俄姆斯召开德国的议会。这件事引起了各派人士的注意。在这次国家议会上将要讨论重大的政治问题；但是与威丁堡那个修道士的问题相比，这一切都显得微不足道了。{SR 346.2}[2]
§6
The attention of all parties was now directed to the assembly of the German States which convened at Worms soon after the accession of Charles to the empire. There were important political questions and interests to be considered by this national council; but these appeared of little moment when contrasted with the cause of the monk of Wittenberg. {SR 346.2}[2]
§7
查理曾预先指示撒克逊的选侯把路德带来赴会；他也保证他的安全，并应许他可以和权威人士在所争论的问题上进行自由讨论。路德也急愿谒见皇帝。{SR 346.3}[3]
§8
Charles had previously directed the elector to bring Luther with him to the Diet, assuring him that the Reformer should be protected from all violence, and should be allowed a free conference with one competent to discuss the disputed points. Luther was anxious to appear before the emperor. {SR 346.3}[3]
§9
路德的朋友们都惊恐张皇起来了。他们深知罗马教廷对路德的成见和恶意，所以惟恐皇帝所发的护照不为人所尊重，他们遂恳请路德不要冒性命的危险。他回答说：“这些罗马教徒们不要我到俄姆斯去，只要将我定罪而处死。但这毫无关系。你们不要为我祈祷，但要为上帝的道而祈祷”。 {SR 346.4}[4]
§10
The friends of Luther were terrified and distressed. Knowing the prejudice and enmity against him, they feared that even his safe conduct would not be respected, and they entreated him not to imperil his life. He replied: The papists do not desire my comingto Worms, but my condemnation and my death. It matters not. Pray not for me, but for the Word of God. {SR 346.4}[4]
§11
【路德在议会前】
§12
最后，路德站在大会面前了。皇帝坐在御座上。帝国中的显赫人物都在他的周围。从来没有人出席过比马丁路德这一次必须为自己的信仰作辩护的大会更庄严的会场。{SR 347.1}[5]
§13
【Luther Before the Council】
§14
At length Luther stood before the council. The emperor occupied the throne. He was surrounded by the most illustrious personages in the empire. Never had any man appeared in the presence of a more imposing assembly than that before which Martin Luther was to answer for his faith. {SR 347.1}[5]
§15
他出场的事实乃是真理的一次显著胜利。一个已经被教皇定罪的人居然要接受另一个法庭的审判，实际上就是否定了教皇的最高权威。教皇早已将这位改革家置于禁令之下，并且断绝他的一切社会的关系；如今他却获得安全的保证，得以在国家的最高官员面前申辩。罗马早已禁止他开口，而现在他倒要当着数千来自基督教世界各地的听众演讲了。他很镇静温和，同时也勇敢而高贵地站在世上的伟人当中，俨然作为上帝的见证人。路德用一种缓和而谦卑的声调作了答复，既不激昂，又不急躁。他的举止谦恭有礼，同时也表现有信心和喜乐，使会众感到惊奇。{SR 347.2}[6]
§16
The very fact of that appearance was a signal victory for the truth. That a man whom the pope had condemned should be judged by another tribunal was virtually a denial of the pontiffs supreme authority. The Reformer, placed under ban, and denounced from human fellowship by the pope, had been assured protection, and was granted a hearing by the highest dignitaries of the nation. Rome had commanded him to be silent, but he was about to speak in the presence of thousands from all parts of Christendom. Calm and peaceful, yet grandly brave and noble, he stood as Gods witness among the great ones of the earth. Luther made his answer in a subdued and humble tone, without violence or passion. His demeanor was diffident and respectful; yet he manifested a confidence and joy that surprised the assembly. {SR 347.2}[6]
§17
那些故意闭眼不看真光，并坚决不受真理感化的人，被路德讲话的能力激怒了。在他讲完之后，议会的代言人便怒气冲冲地说：“你还没有答复我们所发的问题。……你必须作一个清楚明确的答复。……你究竟撤回还是不撤回？”{SR 347.3}[7]
§18
Those who stubbornly closed their eyes to the light, and determined not to be convinced of the truth, were enraged at the power of Luthers words. As he ceased speaking, the spokesman of the Diet said angrily, You have not answered the question put to you. . . . You are required to give a clear and precise answer. . . . Will you, or will you not, retract? {SR 347.3}[7]
§19
改革家回答说：“最贤明的皇上和诸候既然要我作一个简明的答复，我的答复就是：我不能信仰教皇或是议会，因为他们常常犯错误，并且互相矛盾。若不是藉着圣经的明证，或清晰的推理使我信服，我就别无选择，只能坚持上帝的道，这道控制着我的良心。我就不能也不愿撤回这些著作。因为一个基督徒违背自己的良心是不妥当的。这就是我的立场，此外我别无主张；惟愿上帝帮助我，阿们”。 {SR 347.4}[8]
§20
The Reformer answered: Since your most serene majesty and your high mightinesses require from me a clear, simple, and precise answer, I will give you one, and it is this: I cannot submit my faith either to the pope or to the councils, because it is clear as the day that they have frequently erred and contradicted each other. Unless therefore I am convinced by the testimony of Scripture or by the clearest reasoning, unless I am persuaded by means of the passages I have quoted, and unless they thus render my conscience bound by the Word of God, I cannot and I will not retract, for it is unsafe for a Christian to speak against his conscience. Here I stand, I can do no other; may God help me. Amen. {SR 347.4}[8]
§21
这个义人就这样地立在圣经的稳固根基上。有天上的光辉照耀在他脸上。当他指控谬道的权势，并证明那得胜世界的信心的优越性时，他向众人表现了他人格的伟大和纯洁，以及他内心的平安与喜乐。{SR 348.1}[9]
§22
Thus stood this righteous man, upon the sure foundation of the Word of God. The light of Heaven illuminated his countenance. His greatness and purity of character, his peace and joy of heart, were manifest to all as he testified against the power of error and witnessed to the superiority of that faith that overcomes the world. {SR 348.1}[9]
§23
路德坚如磐石，而世界上的权力所能发动最猛烈的风浪徒然向他袭击。他简明话语之中所含的力量，他那无畏的风度和沉着，富有表情的眼目，以及一言一行所表达的坚强意志在会众身上留下了深刻的印象。很明显的，无论是利诱或是威胁，都不能使他屈服于罗马的命令。{SR 348.2}[10]
§24
Firm as a rock he stood, while the fiercest billows of worldly power beat harmlessly against him. The simple energy of his words, his fearless bearing, his calm, speaking eye, and the unalterable determination expressed in every word and act made a deep impression upon the assembly. It was evident that he could not be induced, either by promises or threats, to yield to the mandate of Rome. {SR 348.2}[10]
§25
藉着路德的见证，基督已经用大能和威严讲话，并一时令他的朋友和敌人都肃然起敬而大为惊奇。有上帝的灵临格在大会之中，感动全国首领们的心。有几位诸侯大胆承认路德的改革运动是正义的。许多人的心被真理所折服；但有一些人所受的感动只是暂时的。还有一些人虽然当时没有发表意见，但经过亲自考查圣经之后，再过一段时期就成了宗教改革运动无畏的拥护者。{SR 348.3}[11]
§26
Christ had spoken through Luthers testimony with a power and grandeur that for the time inspired both friends and foes with awe and wonder. The Spirit of God had been present in that council, impressing the hearts of the chiefs of the empire. Several of the princes openly acknowledged the justice of Luthers cause. Many were convinced of the truth, but with some the impressions received were not lasting. There was another class who did not at the time express their convictions, but who, having searched the Scriptures for themselves, at a future time declared with great boldness for the Reformation. {SR 348.3}[11]
§27
选侯腓特烈曾经热切地期待着路德出席议会。他现在深深感动地听着他的演说。他亲眼见到路德的勇敢，坚决和沉着，就深觉喜乐，并以作他的保护者为荣。他把敌对的双方比较一下，就看出教皇、君王和主教们的智慧在真理的能力之下已化为乌有。罗马教廷已遭受了一次失败，而其影响将要波及各代各国。{SR 349.1}[12]
§28
The elector Frederick had looked forward with anxiety to Luthers appearance before the Diet, and with deep emotion he listened to his speech. He rejoiced at the doctors courage, firmness, and self-possession, and was proud of being his protector. He contrasted the parties in contest, and saw that the wisdom of popes, kings, and prelates had been brought to nought by the power of truth. The Papacy had sustained a defeat which would be felt among all nations and in all ages. {SR 349.1}[12]
§29
倘若路德仅仅让了一步，撒但和他的全军就必得胜了。但由于他坚定不移的忠心，教会终于获得了释放。一个新的，更美好的时代已经开始了。这一个在自己的宗教信仰上敢想敢作的人，不仅影响到当时代的教会和全世界，而也要影响到以后的每一个时代。他的坚强和忠心将要激励每一个遭遇同样经历的人，直到末时。在那一次的会议上，上帝的能力和威严已经显现出来，超过了人的计谋和撒但的权力。{SR 349.2}[13]
§30
Had the Reformer yielded a single point, Satan and his hosts would have gained the victory. But his unwavering firmness was the means of emancipating the church and beginning a new and better era. The influence of this one man, who dared to think and act for himself in religious matters, was to affect the church and the world, not only in his own time, but in all future generations. His firmness and fidelity would strengthen all, to the close of time, who should pass through a similar experience. The power and majesty of God stood forth above the counsel of men, above the mighty power of Satan. {SR 349.2}[13]
§31
我看到路德在谴责罪恶和提倡真理方面是热情热心，大胆无畏的。他不顾恶人或鬼魔；他知道有一位比他们都大的与他同在。路德具有热心、勇气和胆量，有时有走极端的危险。但是上帝兴起了刚好具有相反性格的梅兰克吞来帮助路德继续开展改革工作。梅兰克吞生性胆小、畏惧、谨慎、并且极具耐心。他是大蒙上帝眷爱的人。他对圣经的认识很深刻，他的判断力和智慧也很优越。他与路德一样热爱上帝的圣工。主将这两个人的心紧紧契合在一起；他们是密不可分的朋友。当有胆怯和迟缓的危险时，路德对梅兰克吞是极大的帮助，而当有行动过快的危险时，梅兰克吞反过来对路德就是极大的帮助了。{SR 349.3}[14]
§32
I saw that Luther was ardent and zealous, fearless and bold, in reproving sin and advocating the truth. He cared not for wicked men or devils; he knew that he had One with him mightier than they all. Luther possessed zeal, courage, and boldness, and at times was in danger of going to extremes. But God raised up Melancthon, who was just the opposite in character, to aid Luther in carrying on the work of reformation. Melancthon was timid, fearful, cautious, and possessed great patience. He was greatly beloved of God. His knowledge of the Scriptures was great, and his judgment and wisdom excellent. His love for the cause of God was equal to Luthers. The hearts of these men the Lord knit together; they were inseparable friends. Luther was a great help to Melancthon when in danger of being fearful and slow, and Melancthon in turn was a great help to Luther when in danger of moving too fast. {SR 349.3}[14]
§33
梅兰克吞有远见的警告往往防止了如果只留下路德一人去做圣工就会临到的麻烦；而要是留下梅兰克吞独自一人去作圣工的话，这工作往往就不会被抓紧进行了。我蒙指示看到了上帝在拣选这两个人坚持改革工作上的智慧。{SR 350.1}[15]
§34
Melancthons far-seeing caution often averted trouble which would have come upon the cause had the work been left alone to Luther; and ofttimes the work would not have been pushed forward had it been left to Melancthon alone. I was shown the wisdom of God in choosing these two men to carry on the work of reformation. {SR 350.1}[15]
§35
【英格兰和苏格兰得光照】
§36
正当路德把一本封闭的圣经向德国人民敞开的时候，廷达尔在上帝圣灵的督促之下，也在英国作这同样的工作。他殷勤地研究圣经，勇敢地宣讲他所信仰的真理，并竭力主张一切道理都应以圣经为准则。他的热忱自然激起了罗马教徒的反对。有一个博学的罗马天主教博士同廷达尔辩论说：“没有教皇的律法，还不如没有上帝的律法。”廷达尔回答说：“我反对教皇和他一切的律法；如果上帝给我相当寿命的话，过不多年，我必要使农村中耕田的童子比你更明白圣经”。 {SR 350.2}[16]
§37
【England and Scotland Enlightened】
§38
While Luther was opening a closed Bible to the people of Germany, Tyndale was impelled by the Spirit of God to do the same for England. He was a diligent student of the Scriptures, and fearlessly preached his convictions of truth, urging that all doctrines be brought to the test of Gods Word. His zeal could but excite opposition from the papists. A learned Catholic doctor who engaged in controversy with him, exclaimed, It were better for us to be without Gods law than without the popes. Tyndale replied, I defy the pope and all his laws; and if God spare my life, ere many years I will cause a boy who driveth the plow to know more of the Scriptures than you do. {SR 350.2}[16]
§39
这就坚定了他素来所怀抱的意向，就是将本国语文的新约圣经献给他的同胞。于是他立时着手工作。全英国似乎都闭门不纳，他就决意到德国去避难。他在德国开始印行英文新约圣经。不久他出版印了三千本新约圣经，而同年又再版一次。{SR 350.3}[17]
§40
The purpose which he had begun to cherish, of giving to the people the New Testament Scriptures in their own language, was now confirmed, and he immediately applied himself to the work. All England seemed closed against him, and he resolved to seek shelter in Germany. Here he began the printing of the English New Testament. Three thousand copies of the New Testament were soon finished, and another edition followed in the same year. {SR 350.3}[17]
§41
廷达尔终于为道殉身，藉此为自己的信仰作了见证；但他所预备的武器在以后的世纪中，使许多其他福音的战士能以相继兴起作战，直到今日。{SR 351.1}[18]
§42
He finally witnessed for his faith by a martyrs death, but the weapons which he prepared have enabled other soldiers to do battle through all the centuries even to our time. {SR 351.1}[18]
§43
在苏格兰，福音在约翰.诺克斯身上找到了一个捍卫者。这一个忠实的改革家毫不畏惧世人。在他周围猛烈地焚烧着殉道者的火焰，反而使他越发热心。当暴君的刀斧放在他颈上恫吓他时，他仍屹然坚立，顽强地抵挡多方面的打击，大力摧毁拜偶像的恶习。他就这样贯彻他的目的，祈祷，为主作战，直到苏格兰挣脱了罗马教的桎梏。{SR 351.2}[19]
§44
In Scotland the gospel found a champion in the person of John Knox. This truehearted reformer feared not the face of man. The fires of martyrdom, blazing around him, served only to quicken his zeal to greater intensity. With the tyrants ax held menacingly over his head, he stood his ground, striking sturdy blows on the right hand and on the left, to demolish idolatry. Thus he kept to his purpose, praying and fighting the battles of the Lord, until Scotland was free. {SR 351.2}[19]
§45
在英格兰。拉替麦在讲道时也主张众人应当用本国的文字研读圣经。他说：圣经“乃是上帝自己所著作的，具有它著作者的能力和永恒的性质。任何君王，皇帝，官长和统治者都有本分顺从祂的圣言。我们不可走人的遗传的那些旁门左道，那些道路充满石头、荆棘和连根拔起的树木。我们务要顺从上帝圣言的正路。我们不要关心我们的祖辈做了什么，而要关心他们应该做什么。”{SR 351.3}[20]
§46
In England, Latimer maintained from the pulpit that the Bible ought to be read in the language of the people. The Author of Holy Scripture, said he, is God Himself; and this Scripture partakes of the might and eternity of its Author. There is no king, emperor, magistrate, and ruler . . . but are bound to obey . . . His holy word. Let us not take any by-walks, but let Gods word direct us: let us not walk after . . . our forefathers, nor seek not what they did, but what they should have done. {SR 351.3}[20]
§47
廷达尔的忠实朋友巴恩斯和弗黎斯也曾起来维护真理。相继兴起的还有黎特理和克蓝麦。这些英国的改革家都是很有名的学者，其中多数人曾因热诚或敬虔而一度为罗马教会所器重。他们反对罗马教，乃是因为看出教廷的许多错谬。他们既然熟悉巴比伦的奥秘，这就使他们为反对她所作的见证更显有力了。{SR 351.4}[21]
§48
Barnes and Frith, the faithful friends of Tyndale, arose to defend the truth. The Ridleys and Cranmer followed. These leaders in the English Reformation were men of learning, and most of them had been highly esteemed for zeal or piety in the Romish communion. Their opposition to the Papacy was the result of their knowledge of the errors of the Holy See. Their acquaintance with the mysteries of Babylon gave greater power to their testimonies against her. {SR 351.4}[21]
§49
廷达尔、弗黎斯、拉替麦和利特理所维护的伟大原则就是圣经的神圣权威和充足的能力。他们否认教皇、议会、教父和君王在宗教信仰问题上有控制人良心的权柄。圣经乃是他们的标准，他们用圣经的教训来检测一切的道理和主张。当这些圣徒在火刑柱上殉身的时候，这种对于上帝和圣经的信仰支持了他们。{SR 352.1}[22]
§50
The grand principle maintained by Tyndale, Frith, Latimer, and the Ridleys was the divine authority and sufficiency of the sacred Scriptures. They rejected the assumed authority of popes, councils, fathers, and kings to rule the conscience in matters of religious faith. The Bible was their standard, and to this they brought all doctrines and all claims. Faith in God and His Word sustained these holy men as they yielded up their lives at the stake. {SR 352.1}[22]