第22章 摩西的死
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第22章 摩西的死
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Chap. 22 - The Death of Moses
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（本章根据《申命记》 31-34章）
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摩西快要逝世了，上帝吩咐他在他去世之前将以色列民招集前来，向他们叙述希伯来全军自从离开埃及以来所有的经历，以及他们的父老们所犯的大罪，这些罪曾使上帝的刑罚临到他们身上，使祂不得不宣布禁止他们进入应许之地。他们的父老们已经照主所说的死在旷野了。他们的孩子们已经长大成人，因此占领迦南地的应许将要实现在他们身上。这些人当中有许多在颁布律法时还是小孩子，所以他们对当时在庄严肃穆的场面已不复记忆了。其他的人则是在旷野中出生的，惟恐他们不能认识遵守十条诫命以及所赐摩西一切律例典章的必要。他得蒙上帝的指示，将十条诫命以及颁布律法的一切经过重申一次。{SR 170.1}[1]
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MOSES was soon to die, and he was commanded to gather the children of Israel together before his death and relate to them all the journeyings of the Hebrew host since their departure from Egypt, and all the great transgressions of their fathers, which brought His judgments upon them, and compelled Him to say that they should not enter the Promised Land. Their fathers had died in the wilderness, according to the word of the Lord. Their children had grown up, and to them the promise was to be fulfilled of possessing the land of Canaan. Many of these were small children when the law was given, and they had no remembrance of the grandeur of the event. Others were born in the wilderness, and lest they should not realize the necessity of their obeying the Ten Commandments and all the laws and judgments given to Moses, he was instructed of God to recapitulate the Ten Commandments, and all the circumstances connected with the giving of the law. {SR 170.1}[1]
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摩西曾将上帝所传给他的一切律例典章都写在书上，并且忠心记录了祂沿途所给于他们的指示，以及祂为他们所行的一切神迹，和以色列民所发的一切怨言。摩西也记录了他自己因他们的怨言而被试探所胜的经过。{SR 170.2}[2]
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Moses had written in a book all the laws and judgments given him of God, and had faithfully recorded all His instructions given them by the way, and all the miracles which He had performed for them, and all the murmurings of the children ofIsrael. Moses had also recorded his being overcome in consequence of their murmurings. {SR 170.2}[2]
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【对以色列人的最后指示】
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全体会众聚集在摩西面前了，他便从他所写的书中诵读了他们以往历史的重大事件，还读了上帝在他们顺命时的各项应许，以及他们违命时所要受的种种咒诅。{SR 171.1}[3]
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【Final Instruction to Israel】
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All the people were assembled before him, and he read the events of their past history out of the book which he had written. He read also the promises of God to them if they would be obedient, and the curses which would come upon them if they were disobedient. {SR 171.1}[3]
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摩西告诉他们说，主曾数度定意要因他们叛逆的罪而消灭他们，但他却为他们十分恳切地代求，结果上帝开恩饶恕了他们。他使他们回想到主对法老和埃及全地所行的神迹。他对他们说：“惟有你们亲眼看见耶和华所作的一切大事。所以你们要守我今日所吩咐的一切诫命，使你们壮胆，能以进去，得你们所要得的那地”（申11:7-8）。{SR 171.2}[4]
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Moses told them that, for their rebellion, the Lord had several times purposed to destroy them, but he had interceded for them so earnestly that God had graciously spared them. He reminded them of the miracles which the Lord did unto Pharaoh and all the land of Egypt. He said to them, But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the Lord which He did. Therefore shall ye keep all the commandments which I command you this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, whither ye go to possess it. Deuteronomy 11:7, 8. {SR 171.2}[4]
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摩西特别警告以色列民，要防止受引诱陷入拜偶像的罪。他恳切地嘱咐他们，要遵守上帝的诫命。如果他们能顺服并敬爱主，全心全意地侍奉祂，祂就必按时降雨给他们，使他们的土产繁盛，牲畜增多。他们也必享有特别而崇高的特权，并且战胜他们的仇敌。{SR 171.3}[5]
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Moses especially warned the children of Israel against being seduced into idolatry. He earnestly charged them to obey the commandments of God. If they would prove obedient and love the Lord and serve Him with their undivided affections, He would give them rain in due season and cause their vegetation to flourish, and increase their cattle. They should also enjoy especial and exalted privileges, and should triumph over their enemies. {SR 171.3}[5]
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摩西用诚恳深刻的方式教训以色列民。他知道这是他最后向他们讲话的机会。他随后在书中写完了上帝所传给他的一切律例、典章，以及有关献祭礼节的种种条例。他将这书交在负有圣职之人的手中，并且吩咐他们为保全这书起见，要将它置于约柜旁边，因为上帝时常照料那神圣的约柜。这部摩西的书必须予以保存，以便在有必要时可供以色列的士师参考。一般容易犯错的人往往会解释上帝的律法，来迁就自己的情况；故此摩西的书要存放在最神圣的所在，以供将来参考。{SR 171.4}[6]
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Moses instructed the children of Israel in an earnest, impressive manner. He knew that it was his last opportunity to address them. He then finished writing in a book all the laws, judgments, and statutes which God had given him, also the various regulations respecting sacrificial offerings. He placed the book in the hands of men in the sacred office and requested that, for safe keeping, it should be put in the side of the ark, for Gods care was continually upon that sacred chest. This book of Moses was to be preserved, that the judges of Israel might refer to it if any case should come up to make it necessary. An erring people often understand Gods requirements to suit their own case; therefore the book of Moses was preserved in a most sacred place, for future reference. {SR 171.4}[6]
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摩西以一次最有力而含有预言意义的演说，结束了他对百姓的最后指示。这篇演说措辞悲壮动人。他在上帝灵感之下分别为以色列各支派祝福。他在结束的话中强调上帝的威严和以色列的优越，只要他们顺服上帝，把握住祂的能力，他们的优势就必持续。{SR 172.1}[7]
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Moses closed his last instructions to the people by a most powerful, prophetic address. It was pathetic and eloquent. By inspiration of God he blessed separately the tribes of Israel. In his closing words he dwelt largely upon the majesty of God and the excellency of Israel, which would ever continue if they would obey God and take hold of His strength. {SR 172.1}[7]
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【摩西的死亡与复活】
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“摩西从摩押平原登尼波山，上了那与耶利哥相对的毗斯迦山顶。耶和华把基列全地直到但、拿弗他利全地、以法莲、玛拿西，犹大全地直到西海、南地，和棕树城耶利哥的平原，直到锁珥，都指给他看。耶和华对他说：‘这就是我向亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各、起誓应许之地，说，我必将这地赐给你的后裔；现在我使你眼睛看见了，你却不得过到那里去。’于是耶和华的仆人摩西死在摩押地，正如耶和华所说的。耶和华将他埋葬在摩押地，伯毗珥对面的谷中，只是到今日没有人知道他的坟墓。摩西死的时候，年一百二十岁；眼目没有昏花，精神没有衰败”（申34:1-7）。{SR 172.2}[8]
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【The Decease and Resurrection of Moses】
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And Moses went up from the plains of Moab unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho. And the Lord shewed him all the land of Gilead, unto Dan. And all Naphtali, and the land of Ephraim, and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea, and the south, and the plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto Zoar. And the Lord said unto him, This is the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy seed: I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt not go over thither. So Moses the servant of the Lord died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord. And He buried him in a valley in the land of Moab, over against Beth-peor: but no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day. And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deuteronomy 34:1-7. {SR 172.2}[8]
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上帝的旨意没让任何人陪同摩西上毗斯迦山顶。他站在那高高耸立的毗斯迦山顶，在上帝和众天使的面前。在他心满意足瞻望到迦南地之后，他便像一个疲乏的战士躺下休息了。他安睡了，但那是死亡的长眠，有天使将他的遣体取去埋葬在山谷中，以色列人永远找不到他埋葬的所在。他的秘密埋葬，乃是要防止民众因他的遗体而犯拜偶像的罪，以致得罪耶和华。{SR 173.1}[9]
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It was not the will of God that anyone should go up with Moses to the top of Pisgah. There he stood, upon a high prominence on Pisgahs top, in the presence of God and heavenly angels. After he had viewed Canaan to his satisfaction, he lay down, like a tired warrior, to rest. Sleep came upon him, but it was the sleep of death. Angels took his body and buried it in the valley. The Israelites could never find the place where he was buried. His secret burial was to prevent the people from sinning against the Lord by committing idolatry over his body. {SR 173.1}[9]
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撒但因为他终于使摩西得罪上帝而狂喜了。因为这一次的过犯，摩西落在了死亡的权下。如果他一直能保持忠心，使他的生平不受那一次未将磐石出水的荣耀归给上帝的过犯所亏损，他就必得以进入应许之地，并且不尝死味而变化升天了。在摩西被葬在坟墓中一个短暂的时期后，米迦勒，就是基督，和那些埋葬他的天使从天上下来，使他复活了，并把他带到天上。{SR 173.2}[10]
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Satan exulted that he had succeeded in causing Moses to sin against God. For this transgression Moses came under the dominion of death. If he had continued faithful, and his life had not been marred with that one transgression, in failing to give God the glory of bringing water from the rock, he would have entered the Promised Land, and would have been translated to heaven without seeing death. Michael, or Christ, with the angels that buried Moses, came down from heaven, after he had remained in the grave a short time, and resurrected him and took him to heaven. {SR 173.2}[10]
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基督和天使临近摩西的坟墓时，撒但和他的使者竟在坟墓出现，看守着摩西的尸体，惟恐它被挪去。当基督和祂的使者靠近的时候，撒但抗拒他们靠近，但终于因基督和祂使者的荣耀和权能不得不后退。撒但声称因为摩西犯了那一次的罪，他的遗体应该是属于他的。但基督却温和地向他提到祂的父说：“主责备你吧”（犹9）！基督告诉撒但，祂知道摩西已经谦卑地为这一件错行悔改，所以他的品格上并没有瑕疵，而且他的名字在天上的卷册上是无污点的，于是基督就使撒但所主张属于自己的摩西身体复活了。{SR 173.3}[11]
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As Christ and the angels approached the grave, Satan and his angels appeared at the grave and were guarding the body of Moses, lest it should be removed. As Christ and His angels drew nigh, Satan resisted their approach, but was compelled, by the glory and power of Christ and His angels, to fall back. Satan claimed the body of Moses, because of his one transgression; but Christ meekly referred him to His Father, saying, The Lord rebuke thee. Jude 9. Christ told Satan that He knew Moses had humbly repented of this one wrong, that no stain rested upon his character, and that his name in the heavenly book of records stood untarnished. Then Christ resurrected the body of Moses, which Satan had claimed. {SR 173.3}[11]
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在基督登山变像时，摩西和被接升天的以利亚，曾奉差遣去和基督谈论祂受苦的事，并将上帝的荣耀带给祂的爱子。摩西是上帝特别看重的。他曾享有与上帝面对面谈话，像人与朋友谈话一样的特权。上帝也曾向他彰显祂无上的荣耀，是祂所从未向别人显示过的。{SR 174.1}[12]
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At the transfiguration of Christ, Moses, and Elijah who had been translated, were sent to talk with Christ in regard to His sufferings, and be the bearers of Gods glory to His dear Son. Moses had been greatly honored of God. He had been privileged to talk with God face to face, as a man speaketh with his friend. And God had revealed to him His excellent glory, as He had never done to any other. {SR 174.1}[12]