第21章 摩西的罪
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第21章 摩西的罪
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Chap. 21 - The Sin of Moses
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（本章根据《民数记》第20章）
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以色列会众再度被领到旷野，到达他们离开埃及不久，上帝初次试验他们的地方。主曾为他们使水从磐石中流出来，这水后来继续涌流着，直到他们又回到此地的前夕，那时主才使这流水的泉源涸竭，为了再度试验祂的子民，要看他们能否忍受信心的考验，或是再度向祂发怨言。{SR 164.1}[1]
§5
AGAIN the congregation of Israel was brought into the wilderness, to the very place where God proved them soon after leaving Egypt. The Lord brought them water out of the rock, which had continued to flow until just before they came again to the rock, when the Lord caused that living stream to cease, to prove His people again, to see if they would endure the trial of their faith or would again murmur against Him. {SR 164.1}[1]
§6
希伯来人一旦感到口渴而找不到水喝，便又急躁不安，就忘记了上帝的大能曾经在大约四十年前，使水从磐石中流出来。这次他们又不信靠上帝，反而埋怨摩西和亚伦，对他们说：“我们的弟兄曾死在耶和华面前，我们恨不得与他们同死”（民20:3）。这意思就是他们甘愿自己也列在可拉、大坍、亚比兰背叛时那班被瘟疫所消灭的人中。{SR 164.2}[2]
§7
When the Hebrews were thirsty and could find no water, they became impatient and did not remember the power of God which had, nearly forty years before, brought them water out of the rock. Instead of trusting God, they complained of Moses and Aaron, and said to them, Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the Lord! That is, they wished that they had been of that number who had been destroyed by the plague in the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. {SR 164.2}[2]
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他们愤怒地质问说：“你们为何把耶和华的会众领到这旷野，使我们和牲畜都死在这里呢？你们为何逼着我们出埃及，领我们到这坏地方呢？这地方不好撒种，也没有无花果树、葡萄树、石榴树、又没有水喝。”{SR 164.3}[3]
§9
They angrily inquired, Why have ye brought up the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it is no place of seed, or offigs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink. {SR 164.3}[3]
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“摩西、亚伦离开会众到会幕门口，俯伏在地；耶和华的荣光向他们显现。耶和华晓谕摩西说：‘你拿着杖去，和你的哥哥亚伦招聚会众，在他们眼前吩咐磐石发出水来，水就从磐石流出，给会众和他们的牲畜喝。’于是摩西照耶和华所吩咐的，从耶和华面前取了杖去。{SR 165.1}[4]
§11
And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared unto them. And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts to drink. And Moses took the rod from before the Lord, as He commanded him. {SR 165.1}[4]
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【摩西失去耐性】
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“摩西、亚伦就招聚会众来到磐石前，摩西说：‘你们这些背叛的人听我说；我为你们使水从这磐石中流出来吗？’摩西举手，用杖击打磐石量下，就有许多水流出来，会众和他们的牲畜都喝了。耶和华对摩西、亚伦说： ‘因为你们不信我，不在以色列人眼前尊我为圣，所以你们必不得领这会众进我所赐给他们的地去。’这水名叫米利巴水，是因以色列人向耶和华争闹，耶和华就在他们面前显为圣”（民20:4-12）。{SR 165.2}[5]
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【Moses Yields to Impatience】
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And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock; and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also. And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed Me not, to sanctify Me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. {SR 165.2}[5]
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摩西这次犯罪了。他因为民众不断地埋怨他而感到厌烦了，于是遵照主的命令拿起杖来，但他却没有照上帝所命令的吩咐那磐石，反而先说：“我为你们使水从这磐石中流出来吗”（民20:10）？随即又用杖击打磐石两下。这次摩西不慎失言了。他没有说，现在上帝要向你们显示祂大能的另一次明证，为你们使水从这磐石中流出来。他没有为这次使水从坚硬磐石中流出来的事将权能和荣耀归与上帝，因此也就没有在民众面前尊祂为大。上帝为了摩西这一次的失败，就不许他将民众领进应许之地去。{SR 165.3}[6]
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Here Moses sinned. He became wearied with the continual murmurings of the people against him, and at the commandment of the Lord, took the rod, and, instead of speaking to the rock, as God commanded him, he smote it with the rod twice, after saying, Must we fetch you water out of this rock? He here spoke unadvisedly with his lips. He did not say, God will now show you another evidence of His power and bring you water out of this rock. He did not ascribe the power and glory to God for causing water to again flow from the flinty rock, and therefore did not magnify Him before the people. For this failure on the part of Moses, God would not permit him to lead the people to the Promised Land. {SR 165.3}[6]
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这次原有彰显上帝大能的必要，因此使当时的场合非常严肃；而摩西、亚伦本应利用这次机会在民众心中留下良好的印象。但摩西既受了刺激，因为民众的怨言，便使他对他们感到厌烦而愤怒，他说：“你们这些背叛的人听我说：‘我为你们使水从磐石中流出来吗？’”他这样说话等于向发怨言的以色列人承认那控告他把他们领出埃及的话乃是正确的。过去上帝曾经饶恕过民众所犯比摩西这次所犯更大的罪，但祂对祂子民的领袖所犯的罪，却不能同那班受领导之人的罪一样看待。祂不能宽恕摩西的罪而让他进入应许之地。{SR 166.1}[7]
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This necessity for the manifestation of Gods power made the occasion one of great solemnity, and Moses and Aaron should have improved it to make a favorable impression upon the people. But Moses was stirred, and in impatience and anger with the people, because of their murmurings, he said, Hear now, ye rebels, must we fetch you water out of this rock? In thus speaking he virtually admitted to murmuring Israel that they were correct in charging him with leading them from Egypt. God had forgiven the people greater transgressions than this error on the part of Moses, but He could not regard a sin in a leader of His people as in those who were led. He could not excuse the sin of Moses and permit him to enter the Promised Land. {SR 166.1}[7]
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主在这事上向祂子民提出确凿的凭据，证明那位曾为他们行了如此奇妙拯救，而将他们从埃及为奴之地领出来的，并不是摩西，而是在他们一切行程中走在他们前面的大能使者，祂曾论到这使者说：“看哪，我差遣使者在你面前，在路上保护你，领你到我所预备的地方去。祂是奉我名来的，你们要在祂面前谨慎，听从祂的话，不可惹祂；因为祂必不赦免你们的过犯”（出23:20,21）。{SR 166.2}[8]
§21
The Lord here gave His people unmistakable proof that He who had wrought such a wonderful deliverance for them in bringing them from Egyptian bondage, was the mighty Angel, and not Moses, who was going before them in all their travels, and of whom He had said, Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Beware of Him, and obey His voice, provoke Him not; for He will not pardon your transgressions: for My name is in Him. Exodus 23:20, 21. {SR 166.2}[8]
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摩西将原属于上帝的荣耀归给自己，所以上帝不得不这样对待他，为要使悖逆的以色列永远确认：那将他们从埃及地领出来的并不是摩西，而是上帝自己。主固然曾将领导祂百姓的责任放在摩西肩上，但同时在他们全部的行程中，却仍有那大能的使者走在前面指引他们一切的路。正因他们很轻易忘记上帝常藉祂的使者引领他们，又很轻易将那惟有上帝大能力方能成就的事归功于人，所以祂曾考验他们，要看他们肯不肯顺从祂。可惜他们在每次考验上都失败了。他们既不相信上帝，也不承认那一路向他们显明祂大能的明证，和那作为祂照顾与慈爱的重要凭据，反而不信任祂，并为他们离开埃及的事归咎于摩西，说他是他们一切灾难的祸根。摩西已经以非常的耐性容忍了他们悖谬的作风。有一次，他们竟声言要用石头打他呢。{SR 166.3}[9]
§23
Moses took glory to himself which belonged to God, and made it necessary for God to do that in his case which should forever satisfy rebellious Israel that it was not Moses who had led them from Egypt, but God Himself. The Lord had committed to Moses the burden of leading His people, while the mighty Angel went before them in all their journeyings and directed all their travels. Because they were so ready to forget that God was leading them by His Angel, and to ascribe to man that which Gods power alone could perform, He had proved them and tested them, to see whether they would obey Him. At every trial they failed. Instead of believing in, and acknowledging, God, who had strewed their path with evidences of His power and signal tokens of His care and love, they distrusted Him and ascribed their leaving Egypt to Moses, charging him as the cause of all their disasters. Moses had borne with their stubbornness with remarkable forbearance. At one time they threatened to stone him. {SR 166.3}[9]
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【严厉的惩罚】
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主不许摩西进入应许之地，为要藉此永远从他们心中排除这一错误印象。主曾经高举摩西，并向他显示祂的大荣耀。祂曾使他在山上与祂特别接近，甚至纡尊降贵与他说话像人与朋友说话一样。祂曾将祂的旨意，祂的典章和祂的律法传与摩西，再由他传给民众。他既受过这样的抬举和尊荣，就使他的错误更显严重了。摩西为自己的罪悔改了，并在上帝面前极度自卑。他向全以色列说明他因自己的罪而感到的忧伤。他也没有隐瞒他犯罪的后果，却告诉他们：他既没有将荣耀归与上帝，因此不能引领他们进入应许之地。他随即问他们，他这方面的错误既然十分严重，以致需要上帝如此加以惩戒，那么上帝将要如何看待他们再三归咎于他的怨言，而因他们的罪将祂的特殊刑罚加在他们身上呢？{SR 167.1}[10]
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【The Heavy Penalty】
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The Lord would remove this impression forever from their minds, by forbidding Moses to enter the Promised Land. The Lord had highly exalted Moses. He had revealed to him His great glory. He had taken him into a sacred nearness with Himself upon the mount, and had condescended to talk with him as a man speaketh with a friend. He had communicated to Moses, and through him to the people, His will, His statutes, and His laws. His being thus exalted and honored of God made his error of greater magnitude. Moses repented of his sin and humbled himself greatly before God. He related to all Israel his sorrow for his sin. The result of his sin he did not conceal, but told them that for thus failing to ascribe glory to God, he could not lead them to the Promised Land. He then asked them, if this error upon his part was so great as to be thus corrected of God, how God would regard their repeated murmurings in charging him (Moses) with the uncommon visitations of God because of their sins. {SR 167.1}[10]
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摩西只有这一次让人留下这样的印象：那使水从磐石流出来的乃是他；而按理他原应在主的子民中间尊祂为大。现在耶和华要为祂的子民将这事加以澄清，让他们看出摩西不过是人，是在遵从着一位较比他远为强大者就是上帝儿子的领导和指示。祂不愿他们在这事上有一点怀疑。多给谁，就向谁多要。摩西已经得蒙享有瞻仰上帝威严的殊荣。上帝的光明和荣耀曾经丰丰富富地分授与他。他的脸也曾将上帝所照在他身上的荣光反射在民众身上。人人都要按照他们所已享有的特权，以及所赐给他们的亮光和福惠而受审判。{SR 168.1}[11]
§29
For this single instance, Moses had allowed the impression to be entertained that he had brought them water out of the rock, when he should have magnified the name of the Lord among His people. The Lord would now settle the matter with His people, that Moses was merely a man, following the guidance and direction of a mightier than he, even the Son of God. In this He would leave them without doubt. Where much is given, much is required. Moses had been highly favored with special views of Gods majesty. The light and glory of God had been imparted to him in rich abundance. His face had reflected upon the people the glory that the Lord had let shine upon him. All will be judged according to the privileges they have had, and the light and benefits bestowed. {SR 168.1}[11]
§30
平时一般行为端正而值得效法的良善人士所犯的罪，乃是上帝所特别憎恶的。这些罪使撒但夸耀，而以上帝所选器皿的失败嘲笑上帝的天使，又给予不义的人大胆抗拒上帝的借口。主曾亲自以特殊方式引领摩西，并曾向他显示祂的荣耀，是从未向地上任何其他人显示过的。他天生是没有耐心的，但因紧紧握住了上帝的恩典，又极其谦卑地恳求天上的智慧，以致使他从上帝那里得力，胜过了自己的急躁性情，而得蒙上帝称他为地上最谦和的人。{SR 168.2}[12]
§31
The sins of good men, whose general deportment has been worthy of imitation, are peculiarly offensive to God. They cause Satan to triumph, and to taunt the angels of God with the failings of Gods chosen instruments, and give the unrighteous occasion to lift themselves up against God. The Lord had Himself led Moses in a special manner, and had revealed to him His glory, as to no other upon the earth. He was naturally impatient, but had taken hold firmly of the grace of God and so humbly implored wisdom from heaven that he was strengthened from God and had overcome his impatience so that he was called of God the meekest man upon the face of the whole earth. {SR 168.2}[12]
§32
亚伦死在何珥山，因为主曾说过他不能进入应许之地，这是因为他在米利巴使水从磐石流出来时曾和摩西一同犯罪。摩西和亚伦的儿子将他葬在山间，以免民众受到试探，为他的尸体作过分隆重的葬礼，而犯下拜偶像的罪。{SR 168.3}[13]
§33
Aaron died at Mount Hor, for the Lord had said that he should not enter the Promised Land, because, with Moses, he had sinned at the time of bringing water from the rock at Meribah. Moses and the sons of Aaron buried him in the mount, that the people might not be tempted to make too great ceremony over his body, and be guilty of the sin of idolatry. {SR 168.3}[13]