第18章 上帝的律法
§1
第18章 上帝的律法
§2
Chap. 18 - The Law of God
§3
（本章根据出19;20）
§4
以色列民“离了利非订，来到西奈的旷野，就在那里的山下安营。摩西到上帝那里，耶和华从山上呼唤他说：你要这样告诉雅各家，晓谕以色列人，说：我向埃及人所行的事，你们都看见了，且看见我，如鹰将你们背在翅膀上，带来归我，如今你们若实在听从我的话，遵守我的约，就要在万民中作属我的子民，因为全地都是我的；你们要归我作祭司的国度，为圣洁的国民。这些话你要告诉以色列人。摩西去召了民间的长老来，将耶和华所吩咐他的话，都在他们面前陈明。百姓都同声回答说：凡耶和华所说的我们都要遵行。摩西就将百姓的话回复耶和华”（出19:2-8）。{SR 137.1}[1]
§5
AFTER the children of Israel left Rephidim, they came to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount. And Moses went up unto God, and the Lord called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel; Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles wings, and brought you unto Myself. Now therefore, if ye will obey My voice indeed, and keep My covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto Me above all people: for all the earth is Mine: and ye shall be unto Me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the Lord commanded him. And all the people answered together, and said, All that the Lord hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the Lord. {SR 137.1}[1]
§6
民众在这里同上帝立了严肃的约，并接受了祂为他们的统治者，由此而成为祂神圣权威之下的特殊子民。“耶和华对摩西说：我要在密云中临到你那里，叫百姓在我与你说话的时候可以听见，也可以永远信你了”（出19:9）。每当希伯来人在途中遇到困难时，他们动辄埋怨摩西和亚伦，归咎他们将以色列全族带出埃及乃是要消灭他们。因此上帝要当着他们尊重摩西，使他们信任他的教诲，并且知道祂已将祂的灵加在摩西身上。{SR 137.2}[2]
§7
The people here entered into a solemn covenant with God and accepted Him as their ruler, by which they became the peculiar subjects of His divine authority. And the Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee for ever. When the Hebrews had met with difficulties in the way, they were disposed to murmur against Moses and Aaron, and accuse them of leading the host of Israel from Egypt to destroy them. God would honor Moses before them, that they might be led to confide in his instructions, and know that He had put His Spirit upon him. {SR 137.2}[2]
§8
【准备朝见上帝】
§9
于是主给予摩西明确的指示，命百姓准备上帝降临，使他们得听祂律法的宣布，不是经由天使传授，而是祂亲口说出的。“耶和华又对摩西说：你往百姓那里去，叫他们今天明天自洁，又叫他们洗衣服；到第三天要预备好了，因为第三天耶和华要在众百姓眼前降临在西奈山上”（出19:10,11）。{SR 138.1}[3]
§10
【Preparation to Approach God】
§11
The Lord then gave Moses express directions in regard to preparing the people for Him to approach nigh to them, that they might hear His law spoken, not by angels, but by Himself. And the Lord said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes, and be ready against the third day: for the third day the Lord will come down in the sight of all the people upon Mount Sinai. {SR 138.1}[3]
§12
民众奉命停止属世的劳作和操心，培养属灵的思想。上帝也要他们洗净他们的衣服。祂现今并不比往日更少考究。祂乃是讲究秩序规则的上帝，所以要祂现代住在地上的子民保持严格清洁的习惯。凡以不清洁的身体和污秽的衣服来敬拜上帝的人，都不能进到祂面前来得蒙悦纳。祂不喜悦他们对祂缺少敬意，祂也不接纳污秽之礼拜者的事奉，因为他们羞辱了他们的创造主。天地的创造主非常重视清洁，因此，祂说：“又叫他们洗衣服。”{SR 138.2}[4]
§13
The people were required to refrain from worldly labor and care, and to possess devotional thoughts. God required them also to wash their clothes. He is no less particular now than He was then. He is a God of order, and requires His people now upon the earth to observe habits of strict cleanliness. And those who worship God with unclean garments and persons do not come before Him in an acceptable manner. He is not pleased with their lack of reverence for Him, and He will not accept the service of filthy worshipers, for they insult their Maker. The Creator of the heavens and of the earth considered cleanliness of so much importance that He said, And let them wash their clothes. {SR 138.2}[4]
§14
“你要在山的四围给百姓定界限，说：你们当谨慎，不可上山去，也不可摸山的边界，凡摸这山的，必要治死他。不可用手摸他，必用石头打死，或用箭射透；无论是人，是牲畜，都不得活；到角声拖长的时候，他们才可到山根来”（出19:12,13）。这道命令乃是要特意感动这班悖逆的百姓，对那位制定并执行他们律法的上帝，深怀崇敬。{SR 138.3}[5]
§15
And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death: there shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount. This command was designed to impress the minds of this rebellious people with a profound veneration for God, the author and authority of their laws. {SR 138.3}[5]
§16
【上帝在可畏的威严中显现】
§17
“到了第三天早晨，在山上有雷轰、闪电、和密云，并且角声甚大；营中的百姓尽都发颤”（出19:16）。那侍立在神圣大君之前的众天使，用一种仿佛号筒般的声音号召民众前来，这声音越来越响，直到全地都震动。{SR 139.1}[6]
§18
【Gods Manifestation in Awful Grandeur】
§19
And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that was in the camp trembled. The angelic host that attended the divine Majesty summoned the people by a sound resembling that of a trumpet, which waxed louder and louder until the whole earth trembled. {SR 139.1}[6]
§20
“摩西率领百姓出营迎接上帝；都站在山下。西奈全山冒烟，因为耶和华在火中降于山上，山的烟气上腾，如烧窑一般，遍山大大的震动”（出19:18）。神圣的上帝带着威荣的侍从天使行列，在云中降临，他们好像发光的火焰。{SR 139.2}[7]
§21
And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. And Mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. The divine Majesty descended in a cloud with a glorious retinue of angels, who appeared as flames of fire. {SR 139.2}[7]
§22
“角声渐渐的高而又高，摩西就说话，上帝有声音答应他。耶和华降临在西奈山顶上，耶和华召摩西上山顶，摩西就上去。耶和华对摩西说：你下去吩咐百姓，不可闯过来到我面前观看，恐怕他们有多人死亡。又叫亲近我的祭司自洁，恐怕我忽然出来击杀他们”（出19:19-22）。{SR 139.3}[8]
§23
And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. And the Lord came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the Lord called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up. And the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the Lord to gaze, and many of them perish. And let the priests also, which come near to the Lord, sanctify themselves, lest the Lord break forth upon them. {SR 139.3}[8]
§24
主如此在可畏的威严中从西奈山上宣布了祂的律法，使民众可以相信。祂在颁布律法的同时，还对自己的权威作了庄严崇高的显示，使他们确知祂乃是独一真实的永生上帝。摩西不得进入那光荣的云彩之内，只能就近进入那环绕着云彩的幽暗之中。他站立在民众与耶和华之间。{SR 140.1}[9]
§25
Thus the Lord, in awful grandeur, spoke His law from Sinai, that the people might believe. He then accompanied the giving of His law with sublime exhibitions of His authority, that they might know that He is the only true and living God. Moses was not permitted to enter within the cloud of glory, but only draw nigh and enter the thick darkness which surrounded it. And he stood between the people and the Lord. {SR 140.1}[9]
§26
【颁布上帝的律法】
§27
主如此显示祂大能的明证之后，便告诉他们祂是谁：“我是耶和华你的上帝，曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来。”那在埃及人中高举祂权能的同一位上帝，这时宣布祂的律法了：{SR 140.2}[10]
§28
【Gods Law Proclaimed】
§29
After the Lord had given them such evidences of His power, He told them who He was: I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. The same God who exalted His power among the Egyptians now spoke His law: {SR 140.2}[10]
§30
“除了我以外，你不可有别的神。{SR 140.3}[11]
§31
Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. {SR 140.3}[11]
§32
“不可为自己雕刻偶像，也不可作什么形象，仿佛上天、下地、和地底下、水中的百物，不可跪拜那些像；也不可事奉他，因为我耶和华你的上帝是忌邪的上帝，恨我的，我必追讨他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代；爱我守我诫命的，我必向他们发慈爱，直到千代。{SR 140.4}[12]
§33
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love Me, and keep My commandments. {SR 140.4}[12]
§34
“不可妄称耶和华你上帝的名；因为妄称耶和华名的，耶和华必不以他为无罪。{SR 140.5}[13]
§35
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain. {SR 140.5}[13]
§36
“当记念安息日，守为圣日。六日要劳碌作你一切的工，但第七日是向耶和华你上帝当守的安息日；这一日你和你的儿女、仆婢、牲畜，并你城里寄居的客旅，无论何工都不可作；因为六日之内，耶和华造天、地、海、和其中的万物，第七日便安息；所以耶和华赐福与安息日，定为圣日。{SR 140.6}[14]
§37
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. {SR 140.6}[14]
§38
“当孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和华你上帝所赐你的地上，得以长久。{SR 141.1}[15]
§39
Honour thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. {SR 141.1}[15]
§40
“不可杀人。{SR 141.2}[16]
§41
Thou shalt not kill. {SR 141.2}[16]
§42
“不可奸淫。{SR 141.3}[17]
§43
Thou shalt not commit adultery. {SR 141.3}[17]
§44
“不可偷盗。{SR 141.4}[18]
§45
Thou shalt not steal. {SR 141.4}[18]
§46
“不可作假见证陷害人。{SR 141.5}[19]
§47
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. {SR 141.5}[19]
§48
“不可贪恋人的房屋，也不可贪恋人的妻子、仆婢、牛驴，并他一切所有的。”{SR 141.6}[20]
§49
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbours wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbours. {SR 141.6}[20]
§50
耶和华所宣布的第一和第二条诫命，是禁止拜偶像的律例；因为人若拜偶像，就必致在罪恶和叛逆的事上无所不为，结果甚至奉献活人为祭物。上帝要防止这种可憎之事的初步发展。头四条诫命的颁布，乃是要向人类说明他们对上帝的责任。第四条乃是伟大的上帝与人类之间相联的环链。安息日乃是特为人的利益和上帝的荣耀而赐下的。后六条说明人与人之间的本分。{SR 141.7}[21]
§51
The first and second commandments spoken by Jehovah are precepts against idolatry; for idolatry, if practiced, would lead men to great lengths in sin and rebellion, and result in the offering of human sacrifices. God would guard against the least approach to such abominations. The first four commandments were given to show men their duty to God. The fourth is the connecting link between the great God and man. The Sabbath, especially, was given for the benefit of man and for the honor of God. The last six precepts show the duty of man to his fellow man. {SR 141.7}[21]
§52
安息日要永远作为上帝和祂子民之间的记号。它作记号的方式是这样的——凡遵守安息日的人，就借此表明他们是敬拜创造天地的主永生上帝的。只要上帝还有一班子民在地上侍奉祂，安息日就要作为上帝和祂子民之间的记号。{SR 141.8}[22]
§53
The Sabbath was to be a sign between God and His people forever. In this manner was it to be a sign--all who should observe the Sabbath, signified by such observance that they were worshipers of the living God, the creator of the heavens and the earth. The Sabbath was to be a sign between God and His people as long as He should have a people upon the earth to serve Him. {SR 141.8}[22]
§54
“众百姓见雷轰、闪电、角声、山上冒烟，就都发颤，远远的站立，对摩西说：求你和我们说话，我们必听，不要上帝和我们说话，恐怕我们死亡。摩西对百姓说：不要惧怕；因为上帝降临是要试验你们，叫你们时常敬畏祂，不至犯罪。{SR 142.1}[23]
§55
And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die. And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not. {SR 142.1}[23]
§56
“于是百姓远远地站立；摩西就挨近上帝所在的幽暗之中。耶和华对摩西说：你要向以色列人这样说，你们自己看见我从天上和你们说话了”（出20:18-22）。上帝在西奈山的威严临格，和祂临格时所引起的地大震动，以及所配合的可怕雷轰与闪电，使民众在心中对祂的神圣威严留下了非常深刻的印象，以致他们本能地从上帝可畏的临格之前后退，以免他们承受不起祂那可怕的威荣。{SR 142.2}[24]
§57
And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. And the Lord said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. The majestic presence of God at Sinai, and the commotions in the earth occasioned by His presence, the fearful thunderings and lightnings which accompanied this visitation of God, so impressed the minds of the people with fear and reverence to His sacred majesty that they instinctively drew back from the awful presence of God, lest they should not be able to endure His terrible glory. {SR 142.2}[24]
§58
【拜偶像的危险】
§59
上帝要再度防止以色列民陷入拜偶像的罪，祂对他们说：“你们不可做什么神像与我相配，不可为自己做金银的神像”（出20:23）。他们有效法埃及人的危险，以致为自己制作偶像来代表上帝。{SR 142.3}[25]
§60
【The Peril of Idolatry】
§61
Again, God would guard the children of Israel from idolatry. He said unto them, Ye shall not make with Me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold. They were in danger of imitating the example of the Egyptians, and making to themselves images to represent God. {SR 142.3}[25]
§62
耶和华对摩西说：“看哪，我差遣使者在你面前，在路上保护你，领你到我所预备的地方去。祂是奉我名来的，你们要在祂面前谨慎，听从祂的话，不可惹祂；因为祂必不赦免你们的过犯。你若实在听从祂的话，照着我一切所说的去行；我就向你的仇敌作仇敌，向你的敌人作敌人；我的使者要在你前面行，领你到亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、迦南人、希未人、耶布斯人那里去。我必将他们剪除。”那行在以色列人前面的使者乃是主耶稣基督。“你不可跪拜他们的神，不可事奉他，也不可效法他们的行为，却要把神像尽行拆毁，打碎他们的柱像。你们要事奉耶和华你们的上帝，祂必赐福与你的粮，与你的水；也必从你们中间除去疾病”（出23:20-23,24,25）。{SR 142.4}[26]
§63
The Lord said to Moses, Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Beware of Him, and obey His voice, provoke Him not; for He will not pardon your transgressions: for My name is in Him. But if thou shalt indeed obey His voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries; for Mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off. The angel who went before Israel was the Lord Jesus Christ. Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images. And ye shall serve the Lord your God, and He shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee. Exodus 23:24, 25. {SR 142.4}[26]
§64
上帝要祂的子民明白，惟独祂应当作他们崇拜的对象；因此在他们胜过四周拜偶像的国家之后，他们也不可保留任何他们所拜的偶像，却要将其尽行销毁。这些异邦的神像多半是很贵重的，而且制作手艺精巧，可能引诱曾见过其盛行于埃及的拜偶像的人，以至对这无知无觉的东西存有崇拜之意。主希望祂的子民明白，祂之所以要用以色列人作为祂的工具、去刑罚这些国度并毁灭他们的神像，正因为这些国民由于拜偶像而导致种种的邪恶。{SR 143.1}[27]
§65
God would have His people understand that He alone should be the object of their worship; and when they should overcome the idolatrous nations around them, they should not preserve any of the images of their worship, but utterly destroy them. Many of these heathen deities were very costly, and of beautiful workmanship, which might tempt those who had witnessed idol worship, so common in Egypt, to even regard these senseless objects with some degree of reverence. The Lord would have His people know that it was because of the idolatry of these nations, which had led them to every degree of wickedness, that He would use the Israelites as His instruments to punish them and destroy their gods. {SR 143.1}[27]
§66
“凡你所到的地方，我要使那里的众民，在你面前惊骇、扰乱，又要使你一切仇敌，转背逃跑。我要打发黄蜂飞在你前面，把希未人，迦南人、赫人撵出去。我不在一年之内，将他们从你们面前撵出去；恐怕地成为荒凉，野地的兽多起来害你。我要渐渐的将他们从你面前撵出去，等到你的人数加多，承受那地为业。我要定你的境界，从红海直到非利士海，又从旷野直到大河；我要将那地的居民交在你手中，你要将他们从你面前撵出去。不可和他们并他们的神立约。他们不可住在你的地上，恐怕他们使你得罪我；你若事奉他们的神，这必成为你的网罗”（出23:27-33）。上帝所给祂子民的这些应许，乃是以他们的顺从为条件的。如果他们肯全心全意地侍奉主，祂必为他们施行大事。{SR 143.2}[28]
§67
I will send My fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee. By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. And I will set thy bounds from the Red Sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand: and thou shalt drive them out before thee. Thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against Me: for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare unto thee. Exodus 23:27-33. These promises of God to His people were on condition of their obedience. If they would serve the Lord fully, He would do great things for them. {SR 143.2}[28]
§68
摩西从主领受了种种典章，和那些以顺从为条件的应许，并为民众写了下来之后，主对他说：“你和亚伦、拿答、亚比户、并以色列长老中的七十人，都要上到我这里来；远远的下拜。惟独你可以亲近耶和华；他们却不可亲近；百姓也不可和你一同上来。摩西下山，将耶和华的命令、典章，都述说与百姓听；众百姓齐声说：耶和华所吩咐的，我们都必遵行”（出24:1-3）。{SR 144.1}[29]
§69
After Moses had received the judgments from the Lord, and had written them for the people, also the promises, on condition of obedience, the Lord said unto him, Come up unto the Lord, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off. And Moses alone shall come near the Lord: but they shall not come nigh; neither shall the people go up with him. And Moses came and told the people all the words of the Lord, and all the judgments: and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the Lord hath said will we do. Exodus 24:1-3. {SR 144.1}[29]
§70
摩西所写的不是十条诫命，而是上帝所要他们遵守的种种典章，以及那以他们顺从祂为条件的各项应许。他将这些话念给民众听了，他们也保证要遵守主所说的一切话。于是摩西将他们严肃的誓愿写在书中，并为民众向主献祭。“又将约书念给百姓听；他们说：耶和华所吩咐的，我们都必遵行。摩西将血洒在百姓身上，说：你看，这是立约的血，是耶和华按这一切话与你们立约的凭据”（出24:7-8）。民众重新向主郑重许愿，决心照祂所讲的一切话而行，并且顺从。{SR 144.2}[30]
§71
Moses had written, not the Ten Commandments, but the judgments which God would have them observe, and the promises on condition that they would obey Him. He read this to the people, and they pledged themselves to obey all the words which the Lord had said. Moses then wrote their solemn pledge in a book and offered sacrifice unto God for the people. And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words. The people repeated their solemn pledge to the Lord to do all that He had said, and to be obedient. (Exodus 24:7, 8.) {SR 144.2}[30]
§72
【上帝永恒的律法】
§73
上帝的律法在人类受造之前就已经存在了。天使都受这律法的管束。撒但之所以堕落，乃是因为他违背了上帝政权的原则。在亚当夏娃受造之后，上帝便向他们传讲祂的律法。那时律法不是写下来的，而是耶和华向他们宣讲的。{SR 145.1}[31]
§74
【Gods Eternal Law】
§75
The law of God existed before man was created. The angels were governed by it. Satan fell because he transgressed the principles of Gods government. After Adam and Eve were created, God made known to them His law. It was not then written, but was rehearsed to them by Jehovah. {SR 145.1}[31]
§76
第四诫的安息日乃是在伊甸园中设立的。上帝在创造世界并在其上创造人类之后，祂便为人类设立了安息日。在亚当犯罪堕落之后，上帝的律法并未作丝毫的删改。十条诫命的原则在人类堕落之前早已存在，而且它的性质是适合于人类圣洁情况的。在人类堕落之后，这些条例的原则并没有改变，只是颁布了附加的条例来应付人类堕落的状况。{SR 145.2}[32]
§77
The Sabbath of the fourth commandment was instituted in Eden. After God had made the world and created man upon the earth, He made the Sabbath for man. After Adams sin and fall nothing was taken from the law of God. The principles of the Ten Commandments existed before the fall and were of a character suited to the condition of a holy order of beings. After the fall the principles of those precepts were not changed, but additional precepts were given to meet man in his fallen state. {SR 145.2}[32]
§78
那时需要奉献祭牲的制度也建立了，为要使堕落的人类常常记起那蛇使夏娃变成不信的是什么，及记住违命的刑罚便是死亡。因违背上帝的律法，致使基督不得不作牺牲而死，借此一面为人类打开一条逃脱刑罚的出路，而同时仍得以保持对上帝律法的尊重。献祭的制度乃是教训人鉴于自己堕落的状态而谦虚自卑，并导使悔改、及借着那应许的救赎主而专一信靠上帝赦免过去违背祂律法的罪。如果上帝的律法未曾被违犯，就绝不致有死亡，而也就不需要附加的条例来适应人堕落的状况了。{SR 145.3}[33]
§79
A system was then established requiring the sacrificing of beasts, to keep before fallen man that which the serpent made Eve disbelieve, that the penalty of disobedience is death. The transgression of Gods law made it necessary for Christ to die a sacrifice, and thus make a way possible for man to escape the penalty, and yet the honor of Gods law be preserved. The system of sacrifices was to teach man humility, in view of his fallen condition, and lead him to repentance and to trust in God alone, through the promised Redeemer, for pardon for past transgression of His law. If the law of God had not been transgressed, there never would have been death, and there would have been no need of additional precepts to suit mans fallen condition. {SR 145.3}[33]
§80
亚当曾将上帝的律法教导他的子孙，这律法也曾世代相传给忠心的人。由于人不断地违犯上帝的律法，致使洪水临到地上。那时这律法乃是由挪亚和他全家保存的；他们是因行义而靠上帝的神迹，在方舟中得蒙拯救的。挪亚将十诫教导他的子孙。主从亚当一直到现代，已为自己保留一班心中藏有祂律法的子民，祂论到亚伯拉罕说：他“听从我的话，遵守我的吩咐，和我的命令、律例、法度”（创26: 5）。{SR 146.1}[34]
§81
Adam taught his descendants the law of God, which law was handed down to the faithful through successive generations. The continual transgression of Gods law called for a flood of waters upon the earth. The law was preserved by Noah and his family, who for right-doing were saved in the ark by a miracle of God. Noah taught his descendants the Ten Commandments. The Lord preserved a people for Himself from Adam down, in whose hearts was His law. He says of Abraham, He obeyed My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws. Genesis 26:5. {SR 146.1}[34]
§82
主曾向亚伯拉罕显现，并对他说：{SR 146.2}[35]
§83
The Lord appeared unto Abraham, and said unto him: {SR 146.2}[35]
§84
“我是全能的上帝，你当在我面前作完全人。我就与你立约，使你的后裔极其繁多”（创17:1-2）。“我要与你并你世世代代的后裔坚立我的约，作永远的约，是要作你和你后裔的上帝”（创17:7）。{SR 146.3}[36]
§85
I am the Almighty God; walk before Me, and be thou perfect. And I will make My covenant between Me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. Genesis 17:1, 2. And I will establish My covenant between Me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. Genesis 17:7. {SR 146.3}[36]
§86
那时上帝吩咐亚伯拉罕和他的后裔遵守割礼，就是在肉上割去一圈，象征上帝曾将他们割出，并从各国分别出来作祂特殊的宝贝。他们借这个记号严肃地许愿，不与其他国民通婚，因为他们如果这样行，势必失去尊敬上帝和祂神圣律法的心，而变成象四围拜偶像的民族一样了。{SR 146.4}[37]
§87
He then required of Abraham and his seed, circumcision, which was a circle cut in the flesh, as a token that God had cut them out and separated them from all nations as His peculiar treasure. By this sign they solemnly pledged themselves that they would not intermarry with other nations, for by so doing they would lose their reverence for God and His holy law, and would become like the idolatrous nations around them. {SR 146.4}[37]
§88
他们借割礼而郑重地承诺，要履行那和亚伯拉罕所立之约中他们应守的条件，就是与各国分别，作完全人。如果亚伯拉罕的子孙保持与其他各国分离，他们就不会被引诱拜偶像了。他们由于与其他各国保持分离，就可以免去参与他们罪恶行为及反叛上帝的大试探了。可惜他们因与邻邦交往混合，以致他们特殊而圣洁的性质大为丧失了。主为惩罚他们起见，便使饥荒临到他们的地上，这就迫使他们下到埃及去，保全自己的性命。但上帝因祂与亚伯拉罕所立的约，并没有在他们留居埃及时遗弃他们，祂让他们受埃及人的压迫，使他们得以在急难中转向祂，拣选祂公义怜悯的政权，并顺从祂的律例。{SR 147.1}[38]
§89
By the act of circumcision they solemnly agreed to fulfill on their part the conditions of the covenant made with Abraham, to be separate from all nations and to be perfect. If the descendants of Abraham had kept separate from other nations, they would not have been seduced into idolatry. By keeping separate from other nations, a great temptation to engage in their sinful practices and rebel against God would be removed from them. They lost in a great measure their peculiar, holy character by mingling with the nations around them. To punish them, the Lord brought a famine upon their land, which compelled them to go down into Egypt to preserve their lives. But God did not forsake them while they were in Egypt, because of His covenant with Abraham. He suffered them to be oppressed by the Egyptians, that they might turn to Him in their distress, choose His righteous and merciful government, and obey His requirements. {SR 147.1}[38]
§90
起先下到埃及去的，只不过几家人。后来人口增加成了一大群。有些人颇留心将上帝的律法教导儿女，但许多以色列人既对拜偶像的事司空见惯，以致对于上帝律法的看法模糊了。那些敬畏上帝的人苦苦呼吁祂，要求打断他们痛苦奴役的轭，领他们从为奴之地出来，使他们得以自由侍奉祂。上帝垂听他们的呼求，就兴起摩西作祂的工具，完成拯救祂百姓的工作。在他们出离埃及与红海的水在他们面前分开之后，主试验他们，要看他们是否信靠祂这位曾经借着神迹奇事与试验将他们这一族从另一族中救出来的上帝。可惜他们经不起考验。他们因为途中的艰苦埋怨上帝，并希望重返埃及。{SR 147.2}[39]
§91
There were but a few families that first went down into Egypt. These increased to a great multitude. Some were careful to instruct their children in the law of God, but many of the Israelites had witnessed so much idolatry that they had confused ideas of Gods law. Those who feared God cried to Him in anguish of spirit to break their yoke of grievous bondage and bring them from the land of their captivity, that they might be free to serve Him. God heard their cries and raised up Moses as His instrument to accomplish the deliverance of His people. After they had left Egypt, and the waters of the Red Sea had been divided before them, the Lord proved them to see if they would trust in Him who had taken them, a nation from another nation, by signs, temptations, and wonders. But they failed to endure the trial. They murmured against God because of difficulties in the way and wished to return again to Egypt. {SR 147.2}[39]
§92
【写在石版上】
§93
主为要使他们无可推诿起见，竟亲自驾临西奈山，为荣耀所包围，为天使所环绕，并用最庄严可畏的方式宣布了祂的十诫圣律。祂没有把祂的律法交给任何人甚或天使去传授，却亲口用人所能听见的声音向全体民众宣布。但即使到了这个地步，祂仍不让民众单凭记忆力保存这诫命。却亲自用祂圣洁的手指将诫命写在石版上。祂要消除他们一切足使祂的神圣律例与遗传混淆，或将祂的命令与人的习惯搀合的可能性。{SR 148.1}[40]
§94
【Written in Tables of Stone】
§95
To leave them without excuse, the Lord Himself condescended to come down upon Sinai, enshrouded in glory and surrounded by His angels, and in a most sublime and awful manner made known His law of Ten Commandments. He did not trust them to be taught by anyone, not even His angels, but spoke His law with an audible voice in the hearing of all the people. He did not, even then, trust them to the short memory of a people who were prone to forget His requirements, but wrote them with His own holy finger upon tables of stone. He would remove from them all possibility of mingling with His holy precepts any tradition, or of confusing His requirements with the practices of men. {SR 148.1}[40]
§96
上帝后来再和祂的子民更加接近一步，而且不愿撇下他们，因为他们是十分容易偏离正路的，所以祂不愿仅仅赐给他们十条诫命的条例。祂命摩西照祂所吩咐的将律例和典章写出来。对祂所要他们行的事作了详尽的指示，借此保护了祂所刻在石版上的十条律法。这些明确指示和条例的赐下，乃为引导犯错的人遵守他们所易于干犯的道德律。{SR 148.2}[41]
§97
He then came still closer to His people, who were so readily led astray, and would not leave them with merely the ten precepts of the Decalogue. He commanded Moses to write, as He should bid him, judgments and laws, giving minute directions in regard to what He required them to perform, and thereby guarded the ten precepts which He had engraved upon the tables of stone. These specific directions and requirements were given to draw erring man to the obedience of the moral law, which he is so prone to transgress. {SR 148.2}[41]
§98
人类如果曾经遵守上帝在亚当堕落之后所赐给他，又经挪亚在方舟中所保存，并由亚伯拉罕所遵守的律法，那就没有制定割礼的必要了。而且亚伯拉罕的子孙如果曾经遵守那以割礼为表号或保证所代表的约，他们就绝不致陷入拜偶像的罪中。也不致受惩罚下到埃及去，更不需要上帝在西奈山宣布祂的律法，且将它刻在石版上，并借摩西的律例典章中的详细指示来保护它了。{SR 148.3}[42]
§99
If man had kept the law of God, as given to Adam after his fall, preserved in the ark by Noah, and observed by Abraham, there would have been no necessity for the ordinance of circumcision. And if the descendants of Abraham had kept the covenant, of which circumcision was a token or pledge, they would never have gone into idolatry or been suffered to go down into Egypt, and there would have been no necessity of Gods proclaiming His law from Sinai and engraving it upon tables of stone and guarding it by definite directions in the judgments and statutes of Moses. {SR 148.3}[42]
§100
【律例和典章】
§101
摩西将他在山上与上帝同在，经祂口授的律例典章写了下来。如果上帝的子民已经遵守了十诫的原则。那就毋需再向摩西作详尽的指示了——这就是摩西所写在书中，有关他们对于上帝以及彼此之间的本分。主所给予摩西关于祂民众彼此之间，以及有关对待外人的本分的明确指示，乃是十诫原则的简化和具体明白的发表，使他们不致犯错。{SR 149.1}[43]
§102
【The Judgments and Statutes】
§103
Moses wrote these judgments and statutes from the mouth of God while he was with Him in the mount. If the people of God had obeyed the principles of the Ten Commandments, there would have been no need of the specific directions given to Moses, which he wrote in a book, relative to their duty to God and to one another. The definite directions which the Lord gave to Moses in regard to the duty of His people to one another, and to the stranger, are the principles of the Ten Commandments simplified and given in a definite manner, that they need not err. {SR 149.1}[43]
§104
主把将要在基督受死时终止的祭礼明确地教训了摩西。献祭制度全是预表基督作毫无瑕疵之羔羊的牺牲。{SR 149.2}[44]
§105
The Lord instructed Moses definitely in regard to the ceremonial sacrifices which were to cease at the death of Christ. The system of sacrifices foreshadowed the offering of Christ as a Lamb without blemish. {SR 149.2}[44]
§106
主首先在亚当堕落之后设立了献祭的制度，而由亚当传授给他的子孙。这个制度被洪水之前那些与忠心跟从上帝之人分离、以及日后参加建造巴别塔的人所败坏了。他们竟向自己所造的假神献祭，而不献祭与天上的上帝。他们之所以献祭，并不是因为他们相信那要来的救赎主，而是因为他们自以为当在污秽的偶像坛上奉献许多牲畜，借此取悦于他们的神明。他们的迷信致令他们非常的奢侈浪费。他们教导人说：他们所献的牺牲越贵重，就越讨偶像邪神的喜悦，而他们国家的兴盛和财富也就越大。故此，往往有将活人献给这些无知觉的偶像之举。那些国家也有许多管制民众行为的律法和条例，是最残酷无情的。他们的律法乃是一班内心未经恩德软化之人所制定的；因此他们一方面容忍最卑鄙的罪行，同时动辄因轻微的犯法而由当权者处以最残忍的刑罚。{SR 149.3}[45]
§107
The Lord first established the system of sacrificial offerings with Adam after his fall, which he taught to his descendants. This system was corrupted before the Flood, and by those who separated themselves from the faithful followers of God and engaged in the building of the tower of Babel. They sacrificed to gods of their own make instead of the God of heaven. They offered sacrifices not because they had faith in the Redeemer to come but because they thought they should please their gods by offering a great many beasts upon polluted idol altars. Their superstition led them to great extravagances. They taught the people that the more valuable the sacrifice the greater pleasure would it give their idol gods, and the greater would be the prosperity and riches of their nation. Hence, human beings were often sacrificed to these senseless idols. Those nations had laws and regulations to control the actions of the people, which were cruel in the extreme. Their laws were made by those whose hearts were not softened by grace; and while they would pass over the most debasing crimes, a small offense would call forth the most cruel punishment from those in authority. {SR 149.3}[45]
§108
摩西在作以下声明时，就考虑到这一点说：“我照着耶和华我上帝所吩咐的，将律例、典章教训你们，使你们在所要进去得为业的地上遵行。所以你们要谨守遵行，这就是你们在万民眼前的智慧、聪明；他们听见这一切律例，必说：这大国的人真是有智慧，有聪明。哪一大国的人有神与他们相近，象耶和华我们的上帝，在我们求告祂的时候与我们相近呢？又哪一大国有这样公义的律例，典章；象我今日在你们面前所陈明的这一切律法呢”（申4:5-8）？{SR 150.1}[46]
§109
Moses had this in view when he said to Israel, Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the Lord my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people. For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the Lord our God is in all things that we call upon Him for? And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day? Deuteronomy 4:5-8. {SR 150.1}[46]