第20章 生活实际职责的知识
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第20章 生活实际职责的知识
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Chap. 20 - A Knowledge of Practical Duties of Life
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孩子是上帝宝贵的产业，要接受训练、教育和培养，以便在幼年时就担负则任。担子起初应该轻省，但是孩子必须受到谨慎的教导履行自己的本分，明白如何以乐意的态度做他们的工作。--RH,1898.5.17{DG211.1}[1]
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Children are Gods precious heritage, to be disciplined, educated, and trained to lift burdens in their early years. These should be light at first; but children should be carefully educated to do their part, that they may understand how to do their work with willing aptitude. --Review and Herald, May 17, 1898 {DG 211.1}[1]
§5
【实用技术的重要性】
§6
耶稣作为完美工人的榜样——基督在地上的生活乃是人类大家庭的榜样。祂在家庭中是顺从和有用的。祂学习木工的手艺，用自己的双手在拿撒勒的小作坊中工作。……圣经论到耶稣说：“孩子渐渐长大，强健起来，充满智慧，又有上帝的恩在祂身上”（路2:40）。当祂在童年和青年工作的时候，心智和身体都得到了发育。祂没有滥用体力，而是运用它们以保持身体的健康，以便在各方面做出最出色的工作来。祂不愿有任何缺点，甚至在使用工具的事上也是如此。祂的手艺尽善尽美，正像祂品格的完美一样。--FE417,418(1896).{DG211.2}[2]
§7
【Useful Employment Essential】
§8
Example of Jesus as the Perfect Worker.--In His earth-life, Christ was an example to all the human family, and He was obedient and helpful in the home. He learned the carpenters trade, and worked with His own hands in the little shop at Nazareth. . . . The Bible says of Jesus, And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. As He worked in childhood and youth, mind and body were developed. He did not use His physical powers recklessly, but gave them such exercise as would keep them in health, that He might do the best work in every line. He was not willing to be defective, even in the handling of tools. He was perfect as a workman, as He was perfect in character.--FE 417, 418 (1896). {DG 211.2}[2]
§9
女青年要有家务知识——许多女子受过良好的教育，曾以优异的成绩毕业于某个学府，但对于生活中的实际义务，竟一无所知，十分丢脸。她们缺少适当的持家所必不可少，从而使家庭幸福的资格。她们也许会谈论到妇女的高尚地位和权利，然而她们自己却远落于妇女真正的范畴之外。{DG211.3}[3]
§10
Young Women to Have Knowledge of Household Duties.--Manyladies, accounted well-educated, having graduated with honors at some institution of learning, are shamefully ignorant of the practical duties of life. They are destitute of the qualifications necessary for the proper regulation of the family, and hence essential to its happiness. They may talk of womans elevated sphere, and of her rights, yet they themselves fall far below the true sphere of woman. {DG 211.3}[3]
§11
夏娃的每一个女儿都应该获得充分的家庭义务知识，接受家务中各个部门的训练。每一位青年女子都应该受到适当的教育，好在蒙召充任为妻为母的职分时，能象王后一般治理她自己的辖区。她应有充分的能力教导她的子女，并支配她家中的佣人，若有必要，她也须亲手操持家务。{DG212.1}[4]
§12
It is the right of every daughter of Eve to have a thorough knowledge of household duties, to receive training in every department of domestic labor. Every young lady should be so educated that if called to fill the position of wife and mother, she may preside as a queen in her own domain. She should be fully competent to guide and instruct her children and to direct her servants, or, if need be, to minister with her own hands to the wants of her household.{DG 212.1}[4]
§13
她应该明了人体的构造和卫生的原则、饮食和衣着的事、劳作与消遣之道、以及其他与她家庭福利直接攸关的无数事务。她有权获得医病的最佳方法的知识，好在子女有病时，可以亲自看护，而不必将她的小宝贝完全放在陌生的护士和医生的手中。{DG212.2}[5]
§14
It is her right to understand the mechanism of the human body and the principles of hygiene, the matters of diet and dress, labor and recreation, and countless others that intimately concern the well-being of her household. It is her right to obtain such a knowledge of the best methods of treating disease that she can care for her children in sickness, instead of leaving her precious treasures in the hands of stranger nurses and physicians.{DG 212.2}[5]
§15
对实际有用的劳作一无所知，乃是现今所谓真正的绅士、淑女必须具有的特征，这种观念是与上帝创造人类原有的旨意背道而驰的。闲懒乃是一种罪过，而对于一般的义务懵然不知则是愚妄的后果，在日后的生活中，将成为许多痛苦悔恨的根由。--ST,1882.6.29{DG212.3}[6]
§16
The idea that ignorance of useful employment is an essential characteristic of the true gentleman or lady is contrary to the design of God in the creation of man. Idleness is a sin, and ignorance of common duties is the result of folly, which afterlife will give ample occasion to bitterly regret.--ST, June 29, 1882.{DG 212.3}[6]
§17
儿童应当分担家庭的责任——忠信的母亲不会、也不能是时尚的追求者，也不会是家务的奴隶，迁就孩子的奇思异想，并允许他们不干活。她必教导他们分担家务，使他们对实际生活有认识。孩子如果与母亲分担工作，就能学会视有用的服务为幸福所必需，是高尚的而不是屈辱的。然而母亲在做沉重的家务时若教育女儿好逸恶劳，她就是在教导女儿而瞧不起她，轻视她为她们的仆人，要服侍她们并做本应由她们做的事。母亲应该始终保持自己的尊严。--HR,1877.6.1{DG212.4}[7]
§18
Children to Share Domestic Duties.--The faithful mother will not, cannot, be a devotee of fashion, neither will she be a domestic slave, to humor the whims of her children and excuse them from labor. She will teach them to share with her domestic duties, that they may have a knowledge of practical life. If the children share the labor with their mother, they will learn to regard useful employment as essential to happiness, ennobling rather than degrading. But if the mother educates her daughters to be indolent while she bears the heavy burdens of domestic life, she is teaching them to look down upon her as their servant, to wait on them and do the things they should do. The mother should ever retain her dignity.--HR, June 1, 1877. {DG 212.4}[7]
§19
【实际教育的价值】
§20
为什么要先工作后玩耍——我母亲教导我作工。我常问母亲：“为什么我老是要作了这么多的工作，然后才能玩耍呢？”她回答说：“这是为了教育和训练你的心思从事有用的工作，防止你顽皮。你长大了，就会感激我这么做。”我的小孙女问我：“为什么我要针织呢？这是奶奶们的工作呀。”我回答说：“请告诉我，奶奶们是怎么学会针织的呢?”她说：“她们是在作小姑娘的时候开始学的。”--CG124(1887).{DG213.1}[8]
§21
The Value of Practical Education Why Work Before Play?--My mother taught me to work. I used to ask my mother, Why must I always do so much work before I play? It is to educate and train your mind for useful labor, and another thing, to keep you out of mischief; and when you get older, you will thank me for it. When one of my little girls [a granddaughter] said to me, Why must I knit? Grandmothers knit, I replied, Will you tell me how grandmothers learned to knit? Why, [she said,] they began when they were little girls.--CG 124 (1887).{DG 213.1}[8]
§22
要教育姑娘独立——许多人认为儿子必须接受训练，以便将来养家活口，却似乎认为女儿要不要接受训练自食其力，则全在于她自己的选择。.....她在学校里所学到的，很少能实际用于自谋生计的。（本文写于1877年，当时很少有女孩子受到高等教育。）她在家里既没有接受烹饪和家务的训练，长大以后必然百无一用，成为她双亲的重担。……{DG213.2}[9]
§23
Teach Girls to Be Independent.--Many who consider it necessary for a son to be trained with reference to his own future maintenance seem to consider it entirely optional . . . whether or not their daughter is educated to be independent and self-supporting. She usually learns little at school which can be put to practical use in earning her daily bread, [THIS WAS WRITTEN IN 1877, WHEN FEW GIRLS ACQUIRED ANY HIGHER EDUCATION.] and receiving no instruction at home in the mysteries of the kitchen and domestic life, she grows up utterly useless, a burden upon her parents. . . . {DG 213.2}[9]
§24
一个受过教育能照顾自己的女子，也有资格照顾别人。她无论在家庭中或社上会都不会成为负担。万一遭遇逆境，她总会找到栖身之所，不但能诚实地自食其力，还能帮助依靠她生活的人。女子应接受职业训练，以便必要时可以谋生。除了正式的工作之外，每一个女子都应该学习如何操持家务。她应当是厨师、管家和裁缝。不论她的家境或贫或富，她都应该知道一个家庭主妇所必须知道的一切事情。这样，一旦陷于逆境，她就已准备好应付任何变故。她在一定程度上能不为环境所左右。--HR,1877.12.1{DG213.3}[10]
§25
A woman who has been taught to take care of herself is also fitted to take care of others. She will never be a drug [a drag or burden] in the family or in society. When fortune frowns, there will be a place for her somewhere, a place where she can earn an honest living, and assist those who are dependent upon her. Woman should be trained to some business whereby she can gain a livelihood if necessary. Passing over other honorable employments, every girl should learn to take charge of the domestic affairs of home, should be a cook, a housekeeper, a seamstress. She should understand all those things which it is necessary that the mistress of a house should know, whether her family is rich or poor. Then, if reverses come, she is prepared for any emergency; she is, in a manner, independent of circumstances.--HR, Dec. 1, 1877. {DG 213.3}[10]
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这位思想尚未成熟的女生，还依赖着父母和监护人的保护，没有理智去应付恋爱婚姻的问题。她应当拒绝一切稍有可能导致这方面后果的特别关注，专心造就自己成为完美的女性，使自己的人生成为有用，学会一门手艺，能以就业，并能独立。--TSB21(1880).{DG213.4}[11]
§27
The child, the mere undisciplined immature schoolgirl, the Miss, dependent upon the discretion of parents and guardians, has no reason to listen to anything like courtship or marriage. She should decline all special attentions which would have the least likelihood to lead to any such results, and devote herself intently to making herself as perfect a woman as possible, that her life may be useful, and learn a trade that she will have employment and be independent.--TSB 21(1880). {DG 213.4}[11]
§28
【所有的人，甚至女性，都要学一门技术】
§29
所有的人都要养成勤劳的习惯——私下或者用教会的钱来支持懒惰人的做法，是鼓励他们养成不良的习惯。应当认真避免这样做。要教育每一个成人和儿童从事实际有用的工作。大家都要学一门手艺。也许是制造帐篷，也许是其他行业。每一个人都要接受训练，为了某种目的而使用他们的能力。凡是愿意养成勤劳习惯的人，上帝都预备好增进他们的才干。我们要“殷勤不可懒惰，要心里火热，常常服事主”（罗12:11）。凡这样关注自己感化力的人，都会蒙上帝赐福。--RH,1900.3.13{DG214.1}[12]
§30
【All, Even Women, Should Learn a Trade】
§31
All to Educate Themselves to Industrious Habits.--The custom of supporting men and women in idleness by private gifts or church money encourages them in wrong habits. This course should be conscientiously avoided. Every man, woman, and child should be educated to practical, useful work. All should learn some trade. It may be tentmaking, it may be some other business, but all should be trained to use their powers to some purpose. And God is ready to increase the capabilities of all who will educate themselves to industrious habits. We are to be not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord. God will bless all who will guard their influence in this respect.--RH, Mar. 13, 1900.{DG 214.1}[12]
§32
要求每一个以色列人让儿女学一门技术——在以色列，职业训练被视为一种本分。每一个父亲都必须教导儿子一门实用的技术。以色列最伟大的人物也受过职业的训练。每一个妇女都要有料理家务的知识。精通这方面的责任，被视为最高地位的妇女所拥有的荣誉。--MH185,186(1905).{DG214.2}[13]
§33
Every Israelite Required to Teach Children a Trade.--In Israel, industrial training was regarded as a duty. Every father was required to teach his sons some useful trade. The greatest men in Israel were trained to industrial pursuits. A knowledge of the duties pertaining to housewifery was considered essential for every woman. And skill in these duties was regarded as an honor to women of the highest station.--MH 185, 186 (1905).{DG 214.2}[13]
§34
【需要有睿智的女性管理业务】
§35
（下文节选自于1884年2月写给在圣赫勒那健康所女主管的一封信。怀夫人恳劝她在上帝的工作中发挥果断的影响，训练青年女子成为有用的人，劝她尽力运用她自己的才干。）{DG214.3}[14]
§36
【Women of Sharp Intellect Needed to Manage Business】
§37
FOLLOWING IS A PORTION OF A LETTER WRITTEN IN FEBRUARY 1884 TO THE MATRON OF THE ST. HELENA HEALTH RETREAT. MRS. WHITE PLEADS WITH THIS WOMAN TO MAKE A DECIDED IMPACT ON THE WORK OF GOD, TO TRAIN YOUNG WOMEN TO BE USEFUL, AND TO USE HER OWN TALENTS TO HER BEST ABILITY. {DG 214.3}[14]
§38
你不可由着性子，而当非常谨慎，在凡事上树立正确的榜样。不可懒惰。要激发你的潜能，通过关心和帮助，使丈夫感到需要你。要在凡事上使他幸福。要负起应尽的义务。要研究怎样愉快地履行简单、乏味、平凡，但又不可少的家庭生活义务。本应用坚定的努力严加提防之时，你却放纵并培养了你的惰性。{DG214.4}[15]
§39
You should not follow your own inclinations. You should be very careful to set a right example in all things. Do not be inactive. Arouse your dormant energies. Make yourself a necessity to your husband by being attentive and helpful. Be a blessing to him in everything. Take up the duties essential to be done. Study how to perform with alacrity the plain, uninteresting, homely, but most needful duties which relate to domestic life. Your inactivity has been indulged and cultivated when it should be guarded against strictly and with a determined effort. {DG 214.4}[15]
§40
我的姐妹，你的智力要予以运用。你如果担负起你应负的责任，就会成为圣赫勒那健康所的福气。然而放纵你的惰性对你的身、心、灵来说都是一种伤害。你需要上帝活泼而改变人心的能力。你应该为上帝及正义真诚地站稳。你需要基督的恩典赋予你生机。你愿醒起，让你几乎瘫痪的精力负起责任来，在你能力范围内尽力做有益的事吗？你必须操练这部活机器，否则你不能排除废料，也不会拥有健康。……{DG214.5}[16]
§41
My sister, your mind will bear taxing. If you take up the burdens that you should, you can be a blessing to the [St. Helena] HealthRetreat. But the indulgence of your sluggish temperament is a detriment to you, physically, mentally, and spiritually. You need the quickening, converting power of God. You need to stand firmly and truly for God and the right. You need to be vitalized by the grace of Christ. Will you wake up, and put to the task your almost-paralyzed energies, seeking to do all the good in your power? You must exercise the living machinery, or else you will not be able to throw off the waste matter, and you will fall short of gaining health. . . . {DG 214.5}[16]
§42
时间是宝贵的，光阴似金；它不应被用在次要的小事上，只满足口腹之欲。我的姐妹，如果你不再允许次要的事占据你的黄金时间，如果把你的注意力和时间都用在有用及必要的事上，你必会更有效能。在我们的世界上有太多该做的事，我希望你不要忽略需要操心费神的那部分工作。要是你用心工作了，原可以挽救这个你投入了数百元的机构。要是你这里说了一句话，那里计划了一些事，原可成为真正的福气。要是你借着户外运动激活了你潜在的活力，快乐敏捷地做了你力所能及的事，原可成就比现在多得多事，并成为真实的福气。{DG215.1}[17]
§43
Time is precious, time is golden; it should not be devoted to little, unimportant things, which serve only to gratify the taste. You can be more useful, my sister, when you cease to allow unimportant things to take your golden moments, when useful and necessary things engage your attention and your time. There are many things to be done in this world of ours, and I hope you will not neglect the thoughtful, caretaking part of your work. You might have saved the institution with which you are connected hundreds of dollars, had you put your soul into the work. Had you spoken a word here, and done some planning there, you could have been a real blessing. Had you awakened your dormant energies by exercise in the open air, and done what it was in your power to do with cheerfulness and alacrity, you could have accomplished much more than you have, and been a real blessing. {DG 215.1}[17]
§44
我希望你在工作上能奉献你的心思和智慧。要知道每件事都应在节约的计划上运作。必须这样做，否则债务就会积累。敏锐机智的妇女要分辨出哪里有些许浪费的事并且纠正它。你已经处在健康所主管的位置，这是你的责任所在。{DG215.2}[18]
§45
I hope that you will devote your mind and your wisdom to the work. See that everything is run on an economical plan. This must be done, or debts will accumulate. Women of sharp, quick intellect are needed to discern where there is waste in little things and to rectify it. You have stood at the head of the Health Retreat as matron, and it was your duty to do this. {DG 215.2}[18]
§46
本应节省的许多东西现在却浪费了，需要有一位主管能看见、计划并告诉他们要做什么，需要一位能正确掌控、言传身教地做这项工作。需有一位身为领袖的能以身作则，否则女孩子们将无法成为认真、殷勤及节俭的人。如果那些女孩不愿受教，如果她们不愿按你要求的去做，就解雇她们。我知道如果把细心与辛苦的努力带到工作中，我们的宿舍和疗养院就必节省许多。……{DG215.3}[19]
§47
Much could be saved that is now wasted for the want of a [department] head to see and plan and tell what should be done, one who will take right hold, and by precept and example do this work. Girls will not be conscientious, diligent, and economical unless a right example is given them by the one standing at the head. If the girls are not willing to be taught, if they will not do as you wish them, let them be discharged. I know that much can be saved at our boarding house, and much at the sanitarium, if thoughtfulness and painstaking effort is brought into the work. . . . {DG 215.3}[19]
§48
通过在这些方面发挥适当的影响，你可以在家务上教导女孩子。这对她们来说必是极大的福气。{DG216.1}[20]
§49
By exerting a proper influence in these lines, you may educate girls for domestic service. This will be a great blessing to them. {DG 216.1}[20]
§50
我们所有的才干都应运用，不可因闲置而生锈。我们所有的影响都应充分发挥。基督在给大批听众吃饱后说：“把剩下的零碎收拾起来，免得有糟蹋的”（约6:12）。这个教训既适用于属世的事务，也适用于属灵的事务。那些不赏识、不充分利用其属灵的福气、收集每一宝贵亮光的人，很快就会变得冷漠和麻木！福气不会临到不珍惜的人。我们所有的体力都是上帝所赐的才干，应为荣耀上帝而用。要承认和发挥我们的影响为属于上帝的。上帝呼吁所有的人都尽心竭力。--Letter5,1884.{DG216.2}[21]
§51
All our talents should be used; they should not be allowed to rust through inaction. All our influence should be used to the very best account. After Christ fed the multitude, He said, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost. This lesson may apply to spiritual things as well as temporal. Those who do not appreciate and make the best use of their spiritual blessings, gathering up every precious ray of light, will soon become indifferent and inappreciative! Blessings are not given to those who do not value them. All our physical energies, as one of Gods talents, should be used to the glory of God. Our influence is to be recognized and employed as belonging to God. God calls upon all to do their best.--Letter 5, 1884. {DG 216.2}[21]