第8章 战争及其意外结束 1864-1865年)
§1
第8章 战争及其意外结束 (1864-1865年)
§2
Chapter 8—(1864-1865) The War and Its Unexpected Close
§3
1864年代中期，与战争相关的问题加剧。根据国会于1863年3月3日通过的法律草案，规定那些在良心上反对携带武器的人，可以“在医院服兵役，或照顾被解放的奴隶”，或者付300美元，就可以免除兵役。（《安息日复临信徒对使用武器的看法》第3,4页）由于有这些宽松的条款，安息日复临信徒如果被征兵，一般只要付300美元就可以免除服兵役。按照上帝通过怀爱伦所给的劝勉，采用这种办法看起来解决了许多服兵役后产生的连带问题。但是，1864年7月4日，这条法律修改了；付300美元免服兵役的规定废了，修改后的规定似乎只想到贵格会会员。修正案说:{2BIO 99.1}
§4
In mid-1864 problems related to the war accelerated. Under the draft law passed by Congress on March 3, 1863, there was provision that those conscientiously opposed to bearing arms could be assigned “to duty in the hospitals, or to the care of freedmen,” or could, by the payment of $300, be excused from the draft (“The Views of Seventh-day Adventists Relative to Bearing Arms,” pp. 3,4). Under these liberal provisions, Seventh-day Adventists generally, if drafted, paid $300 and were excused from serving. In the light of the counsel given by God through Ellen White, it seemed consistent to take this course and thus escape the many problems of military service. But the law was amended on July 4, 1864; the $300 commutation provision, was revoked, but with Quakers seemingly in mind, the amendment declared: {2BIO 99.1}
§5
“此法案中任何概念不得修改，也不得以任何形式影响涉及到从良心上反对持枪的法律条款”。（RH 1864.7.4）{2BIO 99.2}
§6
“Nothing contained in this Act is to be construed to alter, or in any way affect the Law relative to those conscientiously opposed to bearing arms.”—The Review and Herald, 4 July, 1864. {2BIO 99.2}
§7
这意味着300美元交换条件只用于被正式认可的文职人员。对于这一点，安息日复临信徒虽然持有坚定的信仰，但并未在公开场合声明过这个事实；而且他们的地位也没有得到正式承认。于是，教会不得不赶快行动，以求得到正式的非战斗员身份。教会领袖通过适宜的渠道，立即采取了行动，以达到这个目的。第一步，是要得到密歇根州长奥斯汀?布莱尔的认可。因此，1864年8月3日，总会委员会的三个成员向他递交了一份文书： {2BIO 99.3}
§8
This meant that the $300 commutation provision now applied only to those officially recognized as noncombatants. Up to this point Seventh-day Adventists, although firmly of that persuasion, had not publicly declared this fact, nor was their position officially recognized. The church must act quickly to obtain official noncombatant status. Church leaders, working through proper channels, took immediate steps to achieve this. The first step was to gain the endorsement of the governor of Michigan, Austin Blair. Hence the following communication was taken to him August 3, 1864, by the three members of the General Conference Committee: {2BIO 99.3}
§9
我们三个在后面签名的人是基督复临安息日会总会执行委员会的成员，谦恭地提请您考虑下列陈述： {2BIO 100.1}
§10
We the undersigned, Executive Committee of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, respectfully beg leave to present for your consideration the following statements: {2BIO 100.1}
§11
自称为安息日复临信徒的基督教宗派，以圣经作为他们信仰和行为的准则；他们一致的观点是圣经的教训，与战争的精神与行为相反；因此，他们一贯从良心上反对持枪。如果我们这班人认为圣经中有哪一部分比其他部分更能作为我们的信条的话，那就是十诫的律法，我们视它为最高的律法，我们按最明显的字面意义来理解每一条诫命。{2BIO 100.2}
§12
The denomination of Christians calling themselves Seventh-day Adventists, taking the Bible as their rule of faith and practice, are unanimous in their views that its teachings are contrary to the spirit and practice of war; hence, they have ever been conscientiously opposed to bearing arms. If there is any portion of the Bible which we, as a people, can point to more than another as our creed, it is the law of ten commandments, which we regard as the supreme law, and each precept of which we take in its most obvious and literal import. {2BIO 100.2}
§13
第四条诫命要求在一周的第七天停止劳动，第六条诫命禁止杀人，在我们看来，这两条诫命在服兵役时都不能遵守。我们的做法一贯是与这些原则一致的。因此，我们的信徒不能随便应征入伍。……{2BIO 100.3}
§14
The fourth of these commandments requires cessation from labor on the seventh day of the week, the sixth prohibits the taking of life, neither of which, in our view, could be observed while doing military duty. Our practice has uniformly been consistent with these principles. Hence our people have not felt free to enlist into the service.... {2BIO 100.3}
§15
我们再进一步提出，安息日复临信徒严厉反对奴隶制，忠于政府，并且认同政府反对叛乱。{2BIO 100.4}
§16
We would further represent that Seventh-day Adventists are rigidly anti-slavery, loyal to the government, and in sympathy with it against the rebellion. {2BIO 100.4}
§17
但由于我们作为一个特别的人群，存在的时间还不长，我们的组织只是现在才完善，我们的观点还没有广泛为人所知。法律的改变，使我们很有必要对于这件事有更公开的立场。有鉴于此，我们现在向阁下提出基督复临安息日教友们的观点。作为一个团体，涉及到当兵，相信您会毫不犹豫批准我们的要求，把我们作为一个特殊人群，归入到国会认可的从良心上反对当兵的人的行列，并且有资格从上述法律中得益。约翰?拜因顿， J.N.拉夫伯勒，乔治W.阿马登，基督复临安息日会总会执行委员会，1864年8月2日，于巴特尔克里克。{2BIO 100.5}
§18
But not having had a long existence as a distinct people, and our organization having but recently been perfected, our sentiments are not yet extensively known. The change in the law renders it necessary that we take a more public stand in the matter. For this reason we now lay before your Excellency the sentiments of Seventh-day Adventists, as a body, relative to bearing arms, trusting that you will feel no hesitation in endorsing our claim that, as a people, we come under the intent of the late action of Congress concerning those who are conscientiously opposed to bearing arms, and are entitled to the benefits of said laws. John Byington General Conference J. N. Loughborough Executive Committee George W. Amadon of Seventh-day Adventists Battle Creek, August 2, 1864. {2BIO 100.5}
§19
这份文书和介绍信，以及巴特尔克里克市长和有影响的市民签名的褒奖信一起递交给州长。{2BIO 101.1}
§20
This communication addressed to the governor was accompanied by letters of introduction and commendation from the mayor and the leading citizens of Battle Creek. {2BIO 101.1}
§21
布莱尔州长的回复
§22
Governor Blair’s Reply
§23
代表团带回了州长的答复，简明扼要，但足以解决问题： {2BIO 101.2}
§24
The delegation carried back with them the governor’s reply, brief and to the point, but adequate: {2BIO 101.2}
§25
上面声明，关于安息复临信徒的准则和行为是正确的，我对此很满意。他们有资格享有所有受法律保护的从良心上反对持枪或打仗人的豁免权。I{2BIO 101.3}
§26
I am satisfied that the foregoing statement of principles and practices of the Seventh-day Adventists is correct, and that they are entitled to all the immunities secured by law to those who are conscientiously opposed to bearing arms, or engaging in war. {2BIO 101.3}
§27
奥斯汀?布莱尔Austin Blair密歇根州州长
§28
Governor of Michigan
§29
日期：1864年8月3日
§30
Dated, August 3, 1864.
§31
下一步是要在华盛顿行动。为了完成这个重要使命，J.N.安德魯斯怀揣特定的文书，被指派为教会的使者。怀雅各在1864年9月6日的《评论与通讯》中报导： {2BIO 101.4}
§32
The next step had to be taken in Washington. For this important mission, J. N. Andrews, armed with appropriate documents, was sent as the church’s emissary. Reported James White in the Review of September 6, 1864: {2BIO 101.4}
§33
J.N.安德魯斯弟兄于（8月29日）星期一离开前往华盛顿，本市最高军事当局在文书上签署了很好的意见。他会尽快通过《评论与通讯》作报导，希望这对那些在和平之君旗下服役的信徒也是有利的。{2BIO 101.5}
§34
Brother J. N. Andrews left for Washington, Monday [August 29], well endorsed from the highest military authority in this city. He will report through the Review as soon as possible. May it be favorable for those who have enlisted to serve under the Prince of Peace. {2BIO 101.5}
§35
两周后的9月1日，《评论与通讯》登载了安德魯斯在首都华盛顿的报导。{2BIO 101.6}
§36
Two weeks later the Review carried Andrews’ Washington, D.C., report, dated September 1: {2BIO 101.6}
§37
怀弟兄:遵照总会委员会的指示，我访问了宪兵司令。……他……说，征兵法的豁免条款并不仅仅针对贵格会教徒，还适用于持有非战斗观点的任何宗教团体。他已根据豁免条款的这条解释，向所有副手发出了命令。{2BIO 101.7}
§38
Brother White: In obedience to the instructions of the General Conference Committee, I have visited the Provost Marshal General.... He ...stated that the exemption clause of the enrollment law was not construed by him to mean Quakers merely, but to apply to any religious body who hold noncombatant views. He has issued orders to all deputy marshals in accordance with this construction of the exemption clause. {2BIO 101.7}
§39
1864年9月18日。September 18, 1864.
§40
安德鲁斯提到复临应征士兵要遵守的一些细节后,他充满希望地在这份报告的最后说：我认为这个方案明确、简单,能解决我们所有弟兄们的问题,有助于他们遵守免责条款的规定。”（同上）{2BIO 101.8}
§41
After noting some details of the course that a drafted Adventist should follow, Andrews closed his report on the hopeful note: “I believe that this course of action, which is very plain and simple, will meet the case of all our brethren and will enable them to avail themselves of the provisions of the exemption clause.”—Ibid. {2BIO 101.8}
§42
安德鲁斯从华盛顿带回了一份重要的信件: {2BIO 102.1}
§43
Andrews brought back with him from Washington a communication of major import: {2BIO 102.1}
§44
.恭敬地回复J. N.安德鲁斯牧师:应征入伍的宗教团体成员, ,对征兵委员会证实自己从良心上反对持枪,而他们的信仰原则和教义也禁止他们这样做的,那么他们将被安排到合适的岗位，分配给医院, 或照顾被解放的奴隶,或支付300美元交给军事部长指定的人以免除兵役。 {2BIO 102.2}
§45
Respectfully returned to Rev. J. N. Andrews: Members of religious denominations, who have been drawn in the draft, and who establish the fact before the Board of Enrollment that they are conscientiously opposed to the bearing of arms, and are prohibited from so doing by their rules and articles of faith, and that their deportment has been uniformly consistent with their professions, will be assigned to duty in hospitals, or to the care of freedmen, or shall be exempt on payment of $300, to such persons as the Secretary of War may designate. {2BIO 102.2}
§46
按宪兵司令的命令，麦克默特里上校上尉和A.A.A.G。（同上）{2BIO 102.3}
§47
By Command of the Provost Marshal General, Theo. McMurtrie, Capt. & A.A.A.G.—Ibid. {2BIO 102.3}
§48
现在完全被视为非战斗人员
§49
Now Fully Recognized as Noncombatants
§50
现在，安息日复临信徒被联邦政府承认为非战斗人员。要确定地方上的情况如何发展，还需要一些时间。与此同时，教会领袖们忙着准备文件，让应征入伍的人可以用来证明其有资格成为非战斗人员。这些文件汇集成两本小册子，其中一本有二十七页，题目是《安息日复临信徒关于战争罪恶观点的文摘汇编，附在宣誓书中》。另一本是十九页的小册子，题目是《安息日复临信徒对携带武器的看法，提交给几个州的州长和宪兵司令》。这两本小册子都是在1865年初出版的。 {2BIO 102.4}
§51
Seventh-day Adventists were now assured of the acceptance by the United States Government of their status as noncombatants. It would take some time to determine just how things would work out at local levels. In the meantime church leaders hastened to prepare documents that a drafted man could employ in demonstrating his eligibility for noncombatant status. This was done in two pamphlets, one of twenty-seven pages entitled “Compilation of Extracts, From the Publications of Seventh-day Adventists Setting Forth Their View of the Sinfulness of War, Referred to in the Annexed Affidavits.” The other was a pamphlet of nineteen pages titled “The Views of Seventh-day Adventists Relative to Bearing Arms, as Brought Before the Governors of Several States and the Provost Marshal General With a Portion of the Enrollment Law.” Both came from the press very early in 1865. {2BIO 102.4}
§52
有了这些文件，被征召入伍的人仍然可以选择支付300美元的免除兵役，或者在得到承认和顾及他良心的情况下参军。后来《评论与通讯》中的两份报告表明，在地方上很难使安息日复临信徒的要求得到承认。1865年4月，当法案开始施行时，战争突然结束了。 {2BIO 102.5}
§53
Armed with these documents, a draftee still had the choice of paying the $300 commutation money or entering the service, with his conscientious scruples recognized and provided for. Two reports in the Review subsequently indicate that on the local level, recognition of the claims of Adventist men was difficult to secure. The machinery was just beginning to come into use when in April, 1865, the war was suddenly concluded. {2BIO 102.5}
§54
安息日复临信徒响应总会委员会的呼吁，把8月27日安息日，作为禁食和祈祷日。大家关心的三个问题刊登在《评论与通讯》的一篇题为《耶和华啊，求袮顾惜袮的百姓》的短文中： {2BIO 103.1}
§55
Seventh-day Adventists, in harmony with an appeal from the General Conference Committee, observed Sabbath, August 27, 1864, as a day of fasting and prayer. Three points of concern were named in a brief article titled “Spare Thy People, Lord“: {2BIO 103.1}
§56
1.当前的战争，对于第三位天使信息的传播将产生很大的阻碍。 {2BIO 103.2}
§57
1. The existing war, which threatens to very much retard the progress of the third angel’s message. {2BIO 103.2}
§58
2.美国奴隶的情况。{2BIO 103.3}
§59
2. The condition of American slaves. {2BIO 103.3}
§60
3.上帝将指引祂的子民理智而谦恭地对待征兵，并且对有关他们的福祉和祂荣耀的迫在眉睫的大事施加影响。（RH 1864.8.9）{2BIO 103.4}
§61
3. That God will direct His people to act wisely and humbly in reference to the draft, and overrule impending events to their good and His glory.—Ibid., August 9, 1864 {2BIO 103.4}
§62
10月20日，美国总统亚伯拉罕.林肯宣布：“十一月的倒数第二个星期四为感恩节，和向全能的上帝、仁慈的造物主和宇宙的统治者祈祷的日子。”这是谦卑地向上帝请求“整个大陆和平、团结、和谐”的一天。（RH 1864.11.8）{2BIO 103.5}
§63
On October 20 the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, proclaimed “the last Thursday in November next, as a day ...of thanksgiving and prayer to Almighty God, the beneficent Creator and Ruler of the universe.” It was a day for humility and pleading with God for “peace, union, and harmony throughout the land” (Ibid., November 8, 1864). {2BIO 103.5}
§64
1865年1月24日，《评论与通讯》发表了一篇署名为《征兵新呼吁》的来稿。信的开头是这样写的： “美国总统又发布一道命令，征召300,000志愿者当兵补充兵源。”作者指出补充的兵源大多需要通过征兵完成，这中间就会征到一些复临信徒。怀雅各无奈地评论道： {2BIO 103.6}
§65
On January 24, 1865, there appeared in the Review a contributor’s note titled “The New Call for Men.” It opened with the words “The President of the United States has issued another call for 300,000 volunteers to fill up the ranks in our armies.” The writer pointed out that most of this need would probably be supplied by a draft, and this would take not a few Seventh-day Adventists. James White wearily commented: {2BIO 103.6}
§66
如果这场战争持续下去，上帝只知道将如何对待双方的非战斗人员。除非上天介入，否则，他们就不会总是得到现在所享有的那种尊重和恩待。”（RH 1865.1.24）{2BIO 103.7}
§67
If this war continues, God only knows what it will do for even noncombatants. Unless Heaven interposes, they may not always be treated with that respect and mercy which they now receive.—Ibid., January 24, 1865 {2BIO 103.7}
§68
恳求上帝制止战争的呼吁
§69
A Call to Importune God to Stop the War
§70
接下来一个星期，怀雅各向《评论与通讯》的读者致词。在对“政府免除非战斗人员携带杀伤性武器的规定”表示谢意后，他向复临信徒同道们提议： {2BIO 103.8}
§71
The next week James White addressed the readers of the Review. After expressing gratitude for “the provision made by the government for the exemption of noncombatants from bearing carnal weapons,” he proposed to fellow Adventists: {2BIO 103.8}
§72
让我们祈祷和感恩当局。希望制定合适条款，在安息日和其它公共礼拜时间，进行公共祈祷，以及家庭和个人祈祷。此外，我们建议在现在可怕的战争期间，把每月的第二个安息日作为禁食和祈祷日, 以及非战斗人员与政府维持的特殊关系，使他们仍能享有良心自由，过着虔诚诚实的宁静平和的生活。（RH 1865.1.31）{2BIO 103.9}
§73
Prayer and giving of thanks for those in authority constitute a proper portion of their Sabbath and other seasons of public worship, and also of family and private devotions. And besides this, we recommend that the second Sabbath in each month be especially set apart to fasting and prayer in view of the present terrible war, and the peculiar relations which noncombatants sustain to the government, that they may still enjoy liberty of conscience, and lead quiet and peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty.—Ibid., January 31, 1865 {2BIO 103.9}
§74
“总会委员会赞同他所采取的立场，“对怀弟兄提出的建議表示赞同”，并建议“我们所有的弟兄，执行上述文章的提议，将2月11日安息日作为禁食和祷告的日子。”(同上)。{2BIO 104.1}
§75
“Gratified with the article presented by Brother White,” the General Conference Committee endorsed the position he had taken and recommended “to all our brethren to observe Sabbath, February 11, as a day of fasting and prayer, for the objects specified in said article” (Ibid.). {2BIO 104.1}
§76
到1865年2月中旬，委员会很清楚，如果战争不很快结束，如果每五到六个月就要更多的人去当兵，“我们将不可避免地会损失钱财，或者减少我们的人员，失去将信奉真理的人，减少人们对我们的注意。”（RH 1865.2.21）{2BIO 104.2}
§77
By mid-February, 1865, it was clear to the committee that if the war did not come to an early close, and if there was to be a call for more men every five or six months, “we must inevitably lose means, or lose our own numbers, and lose those who would embrace the truth, and lose the attention of the people.”—Ibid., February 21, 1865 {2BIO 104.2}
§78
事情似乎很明白，我们已经处于这样一个境地！如果战争继续，我们就必须停止。我们再说一遍，战争必须停止！否则，我们传播真理的工作就必须停止！何去何从？(同上) {2BIO 104.3}
§79
We are thus brought, as it plainly appears to us, to a place where if the war continues, we must stop. We repeat it, the war must stop, or our work in spreading the truth must stop. Which shall it be? {2BIO 104.3}
§80
我们信靠上帝，深信祷告的功效和祂预言的启示，相信上帝圣工必不被拦阻。真正的基督徒是世上的光，是世上的盐。所多玛若发现有十个义人，就可以得救。在这末世，上帝圣工决不能停止，也决不会停止。（同上）{2BIO 104.4}
§81
Relying upon God, and having confidence in the efficacy of prayer, and the indications of His prophetic word, we believe that the work of God must not be hindered. True Christians are the light of the world, and the salt of the earth. If ten righteous persons could have been found in Sodom, it would have been spared. God’s work in these last days must not, will not, stop.— Ibid. {2BIO 104.4}
§82
然后有一个很不寻常的呼吁： {2BIO 104.5}
§83
Then came a most unusual appeal: {2BIO 104.5}
§84
我们还有一个最后的诚挚的请求，我们教会所有的人以及分散的弟兄们，从三月一日星期三开始，直到接下来的安息日为止的四天里，我们就这件事恳切不断地进行祷告。放下手中的事务，各个教会在每天下午一点聚会一次，安息日两次，在上帝面前倾诉他们的祈愿。
§85
We would recommend, nay more, earnestly request, all our churches and scattered brethren to set apart four days commencing Wednesday, March 1, and continuing till the close of the following Sabbath, as days of earnest and importunate prayer over this subject. Let business be suspended, and the churches meet at one o’clock on the afternoon of each of the weekdays, and twice on the Sabbath, to pour out their supplications before God.
§86
这些聚会不应受到任何讨论的影响，应以谦卑、忏悔的态度，为亮光和真理祷告，致力于在上帝的事上获得个人的新体验。{2BIO 105.1}
§87
These meetings should be free from anything like discussion, and be characterized by humiliation, confessions, prayers for light and truth, and efforts for a fresh and individual experience in the things of God.... {2BIO 105.1}
§88
在这些祈祷的日子里，我们建议大家食用非常有节制和简单的饮食。……. 《评论与通讯》出版社将停止工作。接下来一周将不出刊。……{2BIO 105.2}
§89
During these days of prayer, we recommend on the part of all a very abstemious and simple diet.... Labor will be suspended at the Review office, and there will consequently be no paper next week.... {2BIO 105.2}
§90
我们期望所有心中关切此信息的人都乐意和真诚地参与此事，我们祈愿那些对我们当下和前景尚无感触的人赶快觉醒。（同上）{2BIO 105.3}
§91
We shall expect that all who have the interests of the message at heart will engage willingly and earnestly in this matter; and we pray that those who do not feel over our present times and prospects may be speedily aroused.—Ibid. {2BIO 105.3}
§92
安息日复临信徒非常热烈地响应。{2BIO 105.4}
§93
Seventh-day Adventists responded most heartily. {2BIO 105.4}
§94
林肯总统于1865年3月4日，在他的第二次就职演讲时承认，战争灾难是奴隶制罪恶的结果。他是这样讲的： {2BIO 105.5}
§95
President Lincoln, in his second inaugural address, given on March 4, 1865, acknowledged the scourge of the war as a result of the crime of slavery. Here are his words: {2BIO 105.5}
§96
我们深情地期望，热忱地祈祷，这场巨大的战争灾难快过去。然而，要是上帝的意愿要它继续，直到250年，由奴隶无偿劳动堆积的所有财富被偿还；直到皮鞭抽出的每一滴血被利剑刺出的每一滴血来偿还；三千年前说过的话现在还要这样说，上帝的审判完全是对的，是公正的。（RH 1865.3.21）{2BIO 105.6}
§97
Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman’s 250 years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so, still it must be said, that the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.—Ibid., March 21, 1865 {2BIO 105.6}
§98
此时，《评论与通讯》几乎每期都登载关于征兵形势的消息，以及给被征招入伍者的劝勉。3月14日的那一期刊登了乌利亚?史密斯的一篇社论，他指出，身处要职的人以及人的态度发生了显着的变化，这似乎使国家所处的立场，令联邦军队的努力得到了上帝的悦纳。有人问:{2BIO 105.7}
§99
By this time the Review and Herald carried in almost every issue information concerning the draft situation and advice to draftees. The issue of March 14 had an editorial written by Uriah Smith, noting marked changes of men in key positions and attitudes that, it seemed, placed the nation in a position where God could favor the efforts of Union forces. The question was asked: {2BIO 105.7}
§100
这个国家难道不是站在上帝能以悦纳的立场上，使自己的努力获得成功吗?让以后联邦的胜利和反叛所遭遇的灾难来回答吧。让南方邦联势力的崩溃来回答吧。让萨凡纳、威尔明顿和查尔斯顿的陷落来回答吧。让格兰特在彼得堡和里士满牢牢地箝制着反叛的恶魔，而谢尔曼则以他胜利的步伐穿过佐治亚和南卡罗来纳的心脏，给这个恶魔致命的一击，来回答吧。…… {2BIO 105.8}
§101
Is not the nation taking a position where God can favor it, and crown its efforts with success? Let the late Union victories, and the rebel disasters, answer. Let the crumbling power of the Confederacy answer. Let the fall of Savannah, Wilmington, and Charleston answer. Let the giant grip which Grant holds upon the demon of rebellion before Petersburg and Richmond, while Sherman, by his triumphant march through the heart of Georgia and South Carolina, deals death blows to its very vitals, answer.... {2BIO 105.8}
§102
未来事态会怎样发展，我们不知道。我们祷告风波平息，停止纷争。……{2BIO 106.1}
§103
What the course of events in the future may be, we cannot tell. We pray for the holding of the winds, the cessation of this strife.... {2BIO 106.1}
§104
同时，我们深信上帝会按祂的方式和时间行事，所以我们坚定地盼望风波迅速平息，真理最后大声宣告，以色列不久就会得到安慰。（RH 1865.3.14）{2BIO 106.2}
§105
Meanwhile strong in our trust that God will work in His own good way and time, we wait for the speedy holding of the winds, the last loud proclamation of the truth, and the not-far-distant consolation of Israel.—Ibid., March 14, 1865 {2BIO 106.2}
§106
灾难性的战争突然结束
§107
The Devastating War Suddenly Ends
§108
4月19日，罗伯特E.李将军在弗吉尼亚州阿波马托克斯县投降。战争事实上结束了。向南和向西的一些镇压行动还在继续；但是4月11日，李将军投降的两天后，《评论与通讯》的编辑史密斯认识到，这是上帝对祈祷作出的看得见的回答，他谨慎地谈到了和平的前景: {2BIO 106.3}
§109
On April 9 General Lee surrendered at the Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. The war was virtually over. There were still some activities to be quelled farther south and to the west, which ran into May. But on April 11, two days after Lee’s surrender, Editor Smith of the Review and Herald, recognizing the visible answer to prayer, wrote cautiously of the prospects of peace: {2BIO 106.3}
§110
里士满的陷落让忠诚的北方欣喜万分,这代表联邦军队的最终胜利,即将彻底消灭叛乱,以及随之而来的和平,没有人比守诫命的上帝子民更有理由欣喜,也没有人能比他们更能理解这种喜乐。 {2BIO 106.4}
§111
While the loyal North is rejoicing in the downfall of Richmond, the signal successes of the Union arms, and the apparent nearness of the complete overthrow of the rebellion, and the consequent peace, none have more reason to rejoice than the commandment-keeping people of God, and none can rejoice more understandingly than they. {2BIO 106.4}
§112
他们在期待中看到的，不只是别人看到的立即的效果——屠杀和流血停止了。……他们看到的是预言的实现，是对祈祷的回答，是以色列伟大的牧人走到他的羊群前的光明的象征。我们感谢上帝，我们目睹了他的手指点着我们国家的事务。（RH 1865.4.11）{2BIO 106.5}
§113
They see in the prospect not only the immediate effects that others see, the cessation of slaughter and bloodshed, ...but they see in it a fulfillment of prophecy, an answer to prayer, a bright token that the great Shepherd of Israel is going before His flock. We therefore thank God for the visible manifestation of His hand in our national affairs.—Ibid., April 11, 1865 {2BIO 106.5}
§114
一周后，史密斯提到对于上帝神圣的手干预国家事务的普遍的赞誉声： {2BIO 106.6}
§115
A week later Smith referred to the wide acclaim of God’s providential hand in the affairs of the nation: {2BIO 106.6}
§116
在举国感恩之时，我们认识到是上帝的作用！这是正确的，是恰当的；因为是他给我们带来胜利。但从手执大权的官员，到最卑微的平民百姓，上帝的作用得到如此广泛的认同，这是从没料到过的。（RH 1865.4.18）{2BIO 106.7}
§117
It is right and appropriate that God should be recognized in the national gratitude; for He it is who has given the victory. But to see so general an acknowledgment from the official under his seal of authority, to the humblest citizen, is more than could have been expected.—Ibid., April 18, 1865 {2BIO 106.7}
§118
他引用了一些支持证据，其中包括《芝加哥论坛报》，以“荣耀归于上帝”的感言结束了对格兰特胜利的宣告。底特律一位著名的演讲者宣称: {2BIO 107.1}
§119
He cited several supporting exhibits, among them the Chicago Tribune. It closed its announcement of Grant’s victory with the exclamation “Glory to God.” A prominent speaker in Detroit declared: {2BIO 107.1}
§120
这是一个大喜的日子，我们应该高兴。我们占领了里士满和彼得斯堡，李将军已经投降了。听到这个消息，我的心是何等的激动，怀着何等的感激之情。……上帝与我们同在，站在我们一边，终于指引我们英勇的军队走向胜利。（同上）{2BIO 107.2}
§121
This is a day of delirious joy, and we do well to be glad. Richmond and Petersburg are ours, and Lee has surrendered. How the heart leaps at the announcement, and with what grateful aspirations to ...God, who with us and on our side has at last guided our gallant hosts to the victory.—Ibid. {2BIO 107.2}
§122
人们普遍认为，是上帝的眷顾，加快了战争结束！四月份的《美国传道士》杂志把《评论与通讯》的读物当成一条有意义的新闻，呼吁人们在欢庆胜利的时候，注意这个强大的宗教元素——把我们伟大的胜利归因于上帝，几乎是普遍公认的。在大陆的每一个地方，在最繁忙的商贸中心，以及在教堂和基督徒家庭的祭坛周围，都同样得到虔诚的认同。幻灯打出的灿烂的字体“上帝的作为，我们亲眼目睹的奇迹，”照耀在华盛顿国会大厦上。华尔街上民众在露天加入到虔诚祈祷的行列，唱着基督徒赞美上帝的歌。这是很罕见的场面，但却是很有代表意义的事实。（RH 1865.6.6）{2BIO 107.3}
§123
The recognition of God’s providence in the speedy closing of the war was quite generally accepted. The readers of the Review were treated to a significant item in the American Missionary for April, calling attention to {2BIO 107.3}
§124
国会的一条法令指示，美国造币厂造的所有新金属印模上都铭刻上“我们信仰上帝”的座右铭有何意义？ {2BIO 107.4}
§125
the strong religious element in the rejoicing over our victories. The ascription of our great successes to God was all but universal. In the high places of the land and on the busiest marts of trade, as well as in churches and around the domestic altars of Christian families, the same pious recognition was manifest. The brilliant transparency on the Capitol at Washington, “It is the Lord’s doing and it is marvelous in our eyes,” and the uncovered multitude in Wall Street joining reverently in prayer and singing the Christian Doxology were rare but representative facts.—Ibid., June 6, 1865 And what was the significance of a recent act of Congress that directed that all new dies made at the United States Mint were to bear the motto “In God We Trust”? {2BIO 107.4}
§126
有利的形势使怀雅各向教会呼吁:{2BIO 107.5}
§127
The favorable trend led James White to appeal to the church: {2BIO 107.5}
§128
在镇压反叛时把握动向，在突然执行时甚至超过我们的信仰，是在我们前面打开一张宽敞的门。为了加快战争的结束，数千守安息日者的祈祷上升了两个月；现在得到无误的回答，让它再上升。救主这位伟大的船长将会应允祂的子民。（RH 1865.5.9）
§129
The holding of the winds, in the suppression of the rebellion, outstripping even our faith in the suddenness of its execution, is opening a wide door before us. Let the thousands of Sabbathkeepers whose prayer ascended two months since for the speedy accomplishment of this work, now so signally answered, again ascend that the great Captain of the Lord’s host will meet with His people.—Ibid., May 9, 1865
§130
确立复临信徒关于战争的立场
§131
Adventist Position on Relation to War Established
§132
安息日复临信徒刚刚建立教会组织，及至南北开战后，他们被迫在一个非常困难和敏感的环境中探索。他们没有指导可遵循！虽然十条诫命禁止杀生，反对亵渎第七日安息日，神权政治下上帝古时的子民们的历史并没有提供一个范例，但上帝并没有让他的余民们惊慌失措！他们祈祷、研究；当上帝通过祂的使者怀爱伦赐下勉言时，他们就听从了。然而，主并没有在一开始就明确应走的路。上一次怀爱伦笔下的指引信息发表于征兵前的1863年1月。随着时间的推移和形势的恶化，教会找到了出路。{2BIO 107.6}
§133
Seventh-day Adventists, just moving into church organization, were, as the War Between the States opened, forced to find their way in a very difficult and sensitive area. They had no guidelines to follow. While the Ten Commandments prohibited the taking of life and the desecration of the seventh-day Sabbath, the history of God’s people of old under the theocracy was not a paradigm. But God did not leave His remnant people to flounder. They prayed and studied, and when God gave counsel through His messenger Ellen White they listened. Yet the Lord did not, at the outset, make absolutely clear the path to follow. The last message of direction from Ellen’s pen on record was given in January, 1863, before there was a draft. As time went on and situations worsened, the church found its way. {2BIO 107.6}
§134
人们可能认为，即便没有上帝的指引，也可以做出决定。但情况并非如此。也许有充分的理由，为使教会在世界各地的运作更能被理解，因为政府的法律结构和政治理念各不相同，故没有藉着怀爱伦的声音和文章发布普遍适用的指示。20年后的一段话，令人确信19世纪60年代早期教会领袖所采取的立场是符合上帝的指引和美意的。这是在另一种逼迫的环境下所采取的，即在征兵的形势下。{2BIO 107.7}
§135
It may be thought that decisions could have been made without the guidance of Providence. But not so. For perhaps good reasons, better understood in the worldwide outreach of the church functioning in many lands, with governments of differing legal structures and political philosophies, no universal mandate was given through the voice or pen of Ellen G. White. One statement made twenty years later offers a satisfying assurance that the positions taken by church leaders in the early 1860s were in harmony with God’s guidance and approval. This is found in a setting of another oppressive situation, in which the draft is named. {2BIO 107.7}
§136
在1886年写给教会领袖的信中，怀爱伦说： {2BIO 107.8}
§137
Writing to church leaders in 1886, Ellen White stated: {2BIO 107.8}
§138
你询问我们的人要获得按照自己良心的指示敬拜上帝的权利应该采取的做法。这有一段时间成了我心中的一个负担，无论这是否会否认我们的信仰，证明我们没有完全倚靠上帝。但我想到了上帝在过去指示我看到的许多类似性质的事，比如征兵和其它的事。我可以本着敬畏上帝的心说，尽力转移正在施加给我们信徒的压力是对的。（《信函》1886年第55号，2SM 334）
§139
You inquire in regard to the course which should be pursued to secure the rights of our people to worship according to the dictates of our own conscience. This has been a burden of my soul for some time, whether it would be a denial of our faith and an evidence that our trust was not fully in God. But I call to mind many things God has shown me in the past in regard to things of a similar character, as the draft and other things. I can speak in the fear of God, it is right we should use every power we can to avert the pressure that is being brought to bear upon our people.—Letter 55, 1886 (see also Selected Messages 2:334, 335).
§140
南北战争结束得太快，以致不能检验出政府作出的规定，对于当兵的安息日复临信徒是否有解除兵械之效。但在第一次世界大战和后来的战争中，1864和1865年所采取的步骤，为服役的安息日复临信徒解除对抗性服役，铺平了道路。{2BIO 108.1}
§141
The Civil War came to a close too soon to test well the provisions made by the government to bring relief to drafted Seventh-day Adventists. But in World War I and subsequent military situations, the steps taken in 1864 and 1865 paved the way for relief of Seventh-day Adventists in the armed services. {2BIO 108.1}
§142
从联邦士兵到总会会长
§143
From Union Soldier to General Conference President
§144
（主要依据《评论与通讯》1913年6月5日G.A.欧文的讣告。）
§145
[Account based primarily on G. A. Irwin obituary, The Review and Herald, June 5, 1913.]
§146
我们接下来提说及一位来自俄亥俄州的年轻人——他不是安息日复临信徒——他在戰爭一开始就被征召到了北方军队，他名叫乔治.A.欧文。他9岁时他的母亲去世，之后被寄托在不同亲戚家，17岁时他应征加入了联邦军队，并服役三年。1864年，他重新入伍，一直服役到战争结束。 {2BIO 109.1}
§147
We pause to mention one young man from Ohio—not a Seventh-day Adventist—who at the outset of the conflict enlisted in the forces of the North, George A. Irwin. His mother died when he was 9, and after being shifted around among various relatives, at 17 he enlisted in the Union Army for three years. In 1864 he reenlisted and served until the end of the war. {2BIO 109.1}
§148
1863年，他在格兰特将军手下参与了围攻密西西比河畔的维克斯堡。欧文在谢尔曼麾下參加他的第十七次战役，于佐治亚州亚特兰大附近被俘。他被押往安德森维尔的战俘营。战争期间，在令人难以置信的情况下，一万三千名联邦士兵在那里阵亡，但乔治幸存了下来。在安德森维尔，一位战友送给他一本书，是巴克斯特的《圣徒永久的安息》，这使他改变了信仰。 {2BIO 109.2}
§149
In 1863, serving under General Grant, he participated in the siege of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Later, fighting under Sherman in his seventeenth engagement, Irwin was captured near Atlanta, Georgia. He was consigned to the prisoner-of-war stockade at Andersonville. Under unbelievable conditions, thirteen thousand Union soldiers died there during the war, but George survived. At Andersonville a fellow soldier gave him a book, Baxter’s Saints’ Everlasting Rest, which led to his conversion. {2BIO 109.2}
§150
欧文被关押了七个月，在战争结束时获释，他开始在俄亥俄州务农。他婚后加入了公理教会，后来又加入了卫理公会。{2BIO 109.3}
§151
Freed at war’s end after seven months of imprisonment, Irwin took up farming in Ohio. He married and joined the Congregational Church, and later the Methodist Church. {2BIO 109.3}
§152
在儿子C. W.查尔斯准备上学时，乔治捐出自己农田的一角建立了学校。不久以后，在这座校舍里，他听到并接受了第三位天使的信息。他很快就成为了自己家乡的复临信徒领袖，并担任俄亥俄州区会的司库。后来，有着四年复临信仰背景的欧文被选为俄亥俄州区会会长。 {2BIO 109.4}
§153
When his son, Charles (C. W.), was ready for school, George gave a corner of his farmland for a school; a little later, in this school building, he heard and accepted the third angel’s message. He soon became a leader of the Adventists in his home district, and then treasurer of the Ohio Conference. Then, with a four-year Adventist background, Irwin was elected president of the Ohio Conference. {2BIO 109.4}
§154
他担任了四年的会长。在1901年重新组织总会之后，欧文，接着是A.G.丹尼尔斯加入了总会。在接下来的12年里，欧文在澳大利亚和北美担任了几个重要的领导职位。他的儿子查尔斯，在后来的几年担任总会教育部干事。{2BIO 109.5}
§155
In 1895 he was called to take charge of the work of the church in the Southern States, and in 1897 was elected president of the General Conference, a position he filled for four years. On the reorganization of the General Conference in 1901, Irwin was followed in the General Conference by A. G. Daniells. Through the next twelve years Irwin filled several important positions of leadership in Australia and North America. His son, Charles, in later years served as secretary of the General Conference Department of Education. {2BIO 109.5}