第3章 安息日复临信徒与美国内战1863年)
§1
第三章 安息日复临信徒与美国内战(1863年)
§2
Chapter 3—(1863) Seventh-day Adventists and the Civil War in the United States
§3
甚至在内战打响第一枪之前，1861年1月12日，在密歇根州帕克维尔的怀爱伦就已经蒙指示看到即将到来的冲突和它的残暴。1861年8月3日，她在纽约州罗斯福会议上得以看到战争背后的原理及其最终结果。在《证言》第7辑中，她以说明整个情况的几句话开始：{2BIO 34.1}
§4
Even before the first shots of the Civil War were fired, Ellen White, at Parkville, Michigan, on January 12, 1861, had been given a view of the coming conflict and its ferocity. The philosophy behind the war, and its ultimate outcome, had been opened up to her in the vision at Roosevelt, New York, on August 3, 1861. In Testimony No. 7 she opened her statement with words that threw light on the whole situation: {2BIO 34.1}
§5
上帝正因奴隶制这一大罪惩罚这个国家。这个国家的命运掌握在祂手中。祂要因奴隶制的罪刑罚南方。北方也要因长久容忍奴隶制的蔓延和横行而受到惩罚。（1T 264）{2BIO 34.2}
§6
God is punishing this nation for the high crime of slavery. He has the destiny of the nation in His hands. He will punish the South for the sin of slavery, and the North for so long suffering its overreaching and overbearing influence.—Testimonies for the Church, 1:264. {2BIO 34.2}
§7
在提到8月3日的异象时，她宣称自己“蒙指示看到奴隶制的罪恶，是这个国家长期以来的祸害。”她提到了这个国家不合理的法案——《逃亡奴隶法》，该法案要求逃到北方的所有奴隶都要归还给他们的主人。她说，这是“故意要压制人们心中对受压迫和受苦的奴隶所产生的每一种高尚的、慷慨的同情之情。”几个月前，她写道: {2BIO 34.3}
§8
Making reference to the vision of August 3, she declared that she was “shown the sin of slavery, which has so long been a curse to this nation.” She referred to the unconscionable law of the land, the “fugitive slave law” that required the return to their masters of any slaves who escaped to the North. This, she said, was “calculated to crush out of man every noble, generous feeling of sympathy that should rise in his heart for the oppressed and suffering slave.” Months earlier she had written: {2BIO 34.3}
§9
我国的法律要我们将奴隶交给他的主人，我们就不应顺从这法律，而宁可受犯法的处分。因为奴隶并不是什么人的财产，只有上帝是他合法的主人，人无权把上帝的作品拿来放在自己的手中，说是属于他自己的。（1T 201） {2BIO 34.4}
§10
The law of our land requiring us to deliver a slave to his master, we are not to obey; and we must abide the consequences of violating this law. The slave is not the property of any man. God is his rightful master, and man has no right to take God’s workmanship into his hands, and claim him as his own.—Ibid., 1:202. {2BIO 34.4}
§11
当人的法律与上帝的律法及道理有冲突之时，我们便应不顾一切结果而顺从后者。（1T 201）{2BIO 35.1}
§12
When the laws of men conflict with the Word and law of God, we are to obey the latter, whatever the consequences may be.—Testimonies for the Church, 1:201, 202. {2BIO 35.1}
§13
关于奴隶制，她说: {2BIO 35.2}
§14
As to slavery, she declared: {2BIO 35.2}
§15
上帝的惩罚现已临到北方，因为他们长期容忍了奴隶制的滋长。北方支持奴隶制度之人的罪是大的。他们因纵容奴隶制的扩张而加强了南方的力量；他们在使国家陷入当前的不幸状况的事上起了重要作用。（1T 264）
§16
God’s scourge is now upon the North, because they have so long submitted to the advances of the slave power. The sin of Northern proslavery men is great. They have strengthened the South in their sin by sanctioning the extension of slavery; they have acted a prominent part in bringing the nation into its present distressed condition.—Ibid., 1:264.
§17
她对形势有以下见解: {2BIO 35.3}
§18
She provided the following insight into the situation: {2BIO 35.3}
§19
我蒙指示，见到许多人没有认识到已临到我们身上的不幸有多大。他们盲目乐观，以为国家的困难很快就能克服，混乱与战争很快就会结束，但所有的人将会看到，现实比他们所预想的严酷得多。……
§20
I was shown that many do not realize the extent of the evil which has come upon us. They have flattered themselves that the national difficulties would soon be settled and confusion and war end, but all will be convinced that there is more reality in the matter than was anticipated....
§21
北方和南方的的情况我都看到了。北方被南方蒙骗了。南方的人已经准备好要打仗，但他们却说不要打仗。他们大部分男人都会使用武器。有些人打过仗，其他人有喜爱运动的习惯。他们在这方面胜过北方人。但一般来说，南方的人没有北方人的勇猛和吃苦耐劳。（1T 264-266）{2BIO 35.4}
§22
The North and South were presented before me. The North have been deceived in regard to the South. They are better prepared for war than has been represented. Most of their men are well skilled in the use of arms, some of them from experience in battle, others from habitual sporting. They have the advantage of the North in this respect, but have not, as a general thing, the valor and the power of endurance that Northern men have.—Ibid., 1:264-266. {2BIO 35.4}
§23
马纳萨斯战役
§24
The Battle of Manassas
§25
在异象中，怀爱伦被带到马纳萨斯战役的战场；她看到上帝的手在那里发挥的作用： {2BIO 35.5}
§26
Ellen White was in vision taken to the scene of the Battle of Manassas; she was shown God’s hand in what took place there: {2BIO 35.5}
§27
我看到维吉尼亚州马纳萨斯灾难性的战斗。这是一个激动人心的忧伤场景！一切都对南军有利，他们已经准备好进行一场可怕的争夺。北军正在胜利进军，毫不怀疑他们会取胜。许多人鲁莽地向前行进，并自吹自擂，好像胜利已经是他们的了。{2BIO 35.6}
§28
I had a view of the disastrous battle at Manassas, Virginia. It was a most exciting, distressing scene. The Southern army had everything in their favor and were prepared for a dreadful contest. The Northern army was moving on with triumph, not doubting but that they would be victorious. Many were reckless and marched forward boastingly, as though victory were already theirs. {2BIO 35.6}
§29
当他们接近战场的时候，许多人疲惫不堪，毫无力气，需要恢复精力。他们没有估计到，会遇到这么凶猛的敌人。仓促上阵，不顾一切地勇敢战斗。双方各有死伤；北南双方都吃了不少苦头。南军试着发起进攻，但一会儿就被赶退；他们又进攻。北军虽然损失惨重，但奋力向前。{2BIO 36.1}
§30
As they neared the battlefield, many were almost fainting through weariness and want of refreshment. They did not expect so fierce an encounter. They rushed into battle and fought bravely, desperately. The dead and dying were on every side. Both the North and the South suffered severely. The Southern men felt the battle, and in a little while would have been driven back still further. The Northern men were rushing on, although their destruction was very great. {2BIO 36.1}
§31
正在此时，一个天使降临了，招手向后，立刻队列一阵混乱。北军以为他们的军队在撤退，但实际上并非如此！突如其来的撤退开始了。我感到这真是太神奇了！ {2BIO 36.2}
§32
Just then an angel descended and waved his hand backward. Instantly there was confusion in the ranks. It appeared to the Northern men that their troops were retreating, when it was not so in reality, and a precipitate retreat commenced. This seemed wonderful to me. {2BIO 36.2}
§33
随后的解释说：这是上帝把这个国家放在自己的手上，他不会让胜利比他规定的来得快！依他的智慧，他不会再让北军蒙受更大的损失；他只是要适当地惩罚他们所犯的罪孽就可以了。如果北军在他们精疲力竭的情况下，再把战斗推向前进，就必有更大的争斗和毁灭在等待他们，南军会要打大胜仗。{2BIO 36.3}
§34
Then it was explained that God had this nation in His own hand, and would not suffer victories to be gained faster than He ordained, and would permit no more losses to the Northern men than in His wisdom He saw fit, to punish them for their sins. And had the Northern army at this time pushed the battle still further in their fainting, exhausted condition, the far greater struggle and destruction which awaited them would have caused great triumph in the South. {2BIO 36.3}
§35
上帝不会允许这样，祂派了一个天使来干预。北军突然后退，对所有的人来说是个谜！他们不知道是上帝的手在干预。（1T 266, 267）{2BIO 36.4}
§36
God would not permit this, and sent an angel to interfere. The sudden falling back of the Northern troops is a mystery to all. They know not that God’s hand was in the matter.—Ibid., 1:266, 267. {2BIO 36.4}
§37
上帝指引的手在战争中的作用就这样显示出来了。{2BIO 36.5}
§38
Thus was revealed God’s guiding hand in the affairs of the war. {2BIO 36.5}
§39
南军的陆军中校W.W.布莱克福德，在他所著《与杰布斯图亚特论战的岁月》一书中，对1861年7月21日在马纳萨斯战斗中发生的事做了激动人心的说明： {2BIO 36.6}
§40
The Battle as Seen by a Southern Lieutenant Colonel W. W. Blackford, a lieutenant colonel in the Southern Army, in his book War Years With Jeb Stuart, gave a stirring account of what happened at Manassas in the battle of July 21, 1861: {2BIO 36.6}
§41
现在大约是4点钟，猛烈的战斗仍在进行。蓝色的防线没有被攻破，他们仍在猛烈地开火。虽然他们蜂涌到坚固的灰墙下，站在墙的前面一动也不动。就是那天清早，在那个山脉，杰克逊赢得了会使用拖延战术的美名。{2BIO 36.7}
§42
It was now about four o’clock and the battle raged with unabated fury. The lines of blue were unbroken and their fire vigorous as ever while they surged against the solid walls of gray, standing immovable in their front. It was on that ridge earlier in the day Jackson won the name of Stonewall. {2BIO 36.7}
§43
但现在我亲眼所见的最奇特的一幕发生了。我一直在盯着众多的排列整齐的队列向前攻击，我看到大约有15000或者20000人，我因故把头转向另一侧，一会儿，有人惊叫，指着战场——“瞧！瞧！” {2BIO 36.8}
§44
But now the most extraordinary spectacle I have ever witnessed took place. I had been gazing at the numerous well-formed lines as they moved forward to the attack, some fifteen or twenty thousand strong in full view, and for some reason had turned my head in another direction for a moment, when someone exclaimed, pointing to the battlefield, “Look! Look!” {2BIO 36.8}
§45
我一看，在那一瞬间所发生的何等的变化啊！本来那些穿戴整齐，排列有序的队伍在稳步向前，现在整个战场乱成一锅粥，士兵们像蜜蜂一样尽快逃跑，什么命令，什么队列都没有了。过了一会儿，整个山谷极目望去，尽是士兵。{2BIO 37.1}
§46
I looked, and what a change had taken place in an instant. Where those well-dressed, well-defined lines, with clear spaces between, had been steadily pressing forward, the whole field was a confused swarm of men, like bees, running away as fast as their legs could carry them, with all order and organization abandoned. In a moment more the whole valley was filled with them as far as the eye could reach. {2BIO 37.1}
§47
他们纷纷跳进公牛河，也不管水有多深，有桥还是没有桥，许多人被淹死了。步枪、弹药筒、盒子、皮带、背包、干粮袋和毯子，在他们狂奔的时候都丢掉了，没有什么能阻止他们逃跑。在慌不择路的时候，有人挡道，就向他们开火。救护车和运货马车的车夫割断缰绳，骑着骡子跑了。当他们穿越卡布河时，一颗炮弹在队伍里爆炸了，阻挡了道路，28箱炮弹落入我们手中。{2BIO 37.2}
§48
They plunged through Bull Run wherever they came to it, regardless of fords or bridges, and there many were drowned. Muskets, cartridge boxes, belts, knapsacks, haversacks, and blankets were thrown away in their mad race, that nothing might impede their flight. In the reckless haste, the artillery drove over everyone who did not get out of their way. Ambulance and wagon drivers cut the traces and dashed off on the mules. In [their] crossing Cub Run, a shell exploded in a team and blocked the way and twenty-eight pieces of artillery fell into our hands. {2BIO 37.2}
§49
布莱克福德生动地描述了无序而不明原因的撤退:{2BIO 37.3}
§50
Blackford’s description of the disorderly and unaccounted-for retreat is vivid: {2BIO 37.3}
§51
如果我从一件溃逃中扔掉的东西上跳到另一件上，我就可以连脚都不碰到地面能跑很远，而且在道路两边都有四五十码宽连成片的遗弃物。{2BIO 37.4}
§52
By stepping or jumping from one thing to another of what had been thrown away in the stampede, I could have gone long distances without ever letting my foot touch the ground, and this over a belt forty or fifty yards wide on each side of the road. {2BIO 37.4}
§53
国会许多大胆的议员从华盛顿赶来，到邻近的山上观看这场战斗，他们带来了装满香槟和午餐的篮子。因此，当溃败开始时，呈现了一场貌似常规的战车赛，好车驶在前头，这是我捕获的俘虏和市民们后来非常生动地描述的。....在公牛湖以北，他们的一些军队并没有陷入恐慌，一些军队也没有扔掉武器，但从我们发现的数量来看，大部分军队肯定是扔掉武器的。（W.W.布莱克福德《与杰布.斯图亚特论战的岁月》34、35页， DF 956){2BIO 37.5}
§54
Numbers of gay members of Congress had come out from Washington to witness the battle from the adjacent hills, provided with baskets of champagne and lunches. So there was a regular chariot race when the rout began, with the chariots well in the lead, as was most graphically described by the prisoners I captured and by citizens afterwards.... Some of their troops, north of Bull Run, did not participate in the panic, and some did not throw away their arms, but the greater part must have done so, from the quantities we found.—W. W. Blackford, War Years With Jeb Stuart, pp. 34, 35 (see also DF 956). {2BIO 37.5}
§55
多年以后，一位曾在南部邦联部队服役的约翰逊先生对拉夫伯勒说:{2BIO 38.1}
§56
Years later a Mr. Johnson, who had been among the Confederate forces, told J. N. Loughborough: {2BIO 38.1}
§57
“溃逃发生时，我离博雷加德将军还不到四杆远。博勒加德已经把他们的大炮装上了链弹，准备开火。他望着前进的军队，喊道:“北方佬全都撤退了。不要开火。约翰逊弟兄说:“如果他们开火的话，他们会把面前的一切都夷为平地。”（PUR 1912.3.21）在1862年初的《证言》第7辑中，南方将军们以及事实上几乎所有人都不明白而迷惑的事情，却向余民教会的成员清楚地展示了。{2BIO 38.3}
§58
“I stood not four rods from General Beauregard when that stampede began. Beauregard had their cannons loaded with chain shot, and was about to fire. He looked toward the advancing host, and cried out: ‘The Yanks are all retreating. Don’t fire the guns.”’ Brother Johnson said, “Had they fired that charge, they would have mowed everything down before them to the earth.”—Pacific Union Recorder, March 21, 1912. {2BIO 38.2}What was unclear and puzzling to the Southern generals, and in fact to almost everyone, was clearly opened up in early 1862 to members of the remnant church in Testimony No. 7. {2BIO 38.3}
§59
给教会的预示
§60
The Church Given a Preview
§61
南部邦联和邦联的军队看到了前面战争的复杂性和规模，就开始准备进行一场长期而激烈的战斗。在接近年底的时候，政府为国家指定了一个禁食和祷告的日子。1862年1月4日安息日，上帝在异象中向怀爱伦揭示了许多与战争有关的內容、战争的过程，战争背后的原理，未来的长期斗争，以及在这种情况下全国禁食的无效性。{2BIO 38.4}
§62
The Union and the Confederate forces, having gained a glimpse of the involvements and proportions of the struggle ahead, began to dig in for a long and bitter conflict. Near the close of the year the government appointed a day for the nation to unite in fasting and prayer. On Sabbath, January 4, 1862, God disclosed to Ellen White in vision many elements relating to the war, its prosecution, the philosophy behind it, the protracted struggle ahead, and the futility of national fasts, under the circumstances. {2BIO 38.4}
§63
这场战争似乎不可能成功，因为在我们自己的队伍中许多人不断在做支持南方的事，我们的军队也因支持奴隶制之人的作为而被击败，遭到残杀。我们国会的一些领袖还在不断地做有利于南方的事。{2BIO 38.5}
§64
It seems impossible to have the war conducted successfully, for many in our own ranks are continually working to favor the South, and our armies have been repulsed and unmercifully slaughtered on account of the management of these proslavery men. Some of our leading men in Congress also are constantly working to favor the South. {2BIO 38.5}
§65
在这种形势下，宣布了通国禁食，祈求上帝使这场战争迅速而有利的终止。然后我蒙指示看到了以赛亚58:5-7：“……我所拣选的禁食不是要松开凶恶的绳，解下轭上的索，使被欺压的得自由，折断一切的轭吗？”…… 我看到这些全国性的禁食对耶和华是一种羞辱。祂不悦纳这种禁食。（1T 256, 257）{2BIO 38.6}
§66
In this state of things, proclamations are issued for national fasts, for prayer that God will bring this war to a speedy and favorable termination. I was then directed to Isaiah 58:5-7: ... “Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?” ...I saw that these national fasts were an insult to Jehovah. He accepts no such fasts.—Testimonies for the Church, 1:256, 257. {2BIO 38.6}
§67
这就使安息日复临信徒们处于有利的位置，他们知道会发生什么。在《证言》第7辑的主要文章中，怀爱伦宣称: {2BIO 39.1}
§68
This put Seventh-day Adventists in a vantage position with an understanding of what to expect. In the lead article in Testimony No. 7, Ellen White declared: {2BIO 39.1}
§69
成千上万的人受到劝诱入伍，以为这场战争是要消除奴隶制；现在他们进退维谷，发现自己受了欺骗。这场战争的目的不是要废除奴隶制，而是要保持它。……{2BIO 39.2}
§70
Thousands have been induced to enlist with the understanding that this war was to exterminate slavery; but now that they are fixed, they find that they have been deceived, that the object of this war is not to abolish slavery, but to preserve it as it is.... {2BIO 39.2}
§71
有鉴于这一切，他们询问：我们若成功地镇压了这次反叛，所得到的是什么呢？他们只能失望地回答：什么都没得到。那导致反叛的体制丝毫未动，已经毁了我们国家的奴隶制依然存留并激起另一次的反叛。我国成千上万的士兵心中感到痛苦。（1T 254, 255）{2BIO 39.3}
§72
In view of all this, they inquire: If we succeed in quelling this rebellion, what has been gained? They can only answer discouragingly: Nothing. That which caused the rebellion is not removed. The system of slavery, which has ruined our nation, is left to live and stir up another rebellion. The feelings of thousands of our soldiers are bitter.—Ibid., 1:254, 255. {2BIO 39.3}
§73
她在提到那些同情南方的国会议员和联邦军官的背叛行为时说：“我蒙指示看到了这场战争。这似乎是有史以来最奇特最无常的战争。”( 1T 256) {2BIO 39.4}
§74
Referring to the treachery of Congressmen and of Union Army officers who were sympathetic with the South, she declared, “As this war was shown to me, it looked like the most singular and uncertain that has ever occurred.”—Ibid., 1:256. As to international repercussions she stated: {2BIO 39.4}
§75
我蒙指示，这场战争的目的若是消除奴隶制，在必要时英国原会帮助北方的。但英国完全清楚现在政府的观点。这场战争不是要除掉奴隶制，而只要保护联邦。英国对保护联邦不感兴趣。（1T 258）{2BIO 39.5}
§76
I was shown that if the object of this war had been to exterminate slavery, then, if desired, England would have helped the North. But England fully understands the existing feelings in the Government, and that the war is not to do away slavery, but merely to preserve the Union; and it is not for her interest to have it preserved.—Ibid., 1:258. {2BIO 39.5}
§77
鼓励参军的奖赏
§78
Bounties to Encourage Enlistment
§79
有段时间，对于巴特尔克里克来说，战争似乎很遥远。战场上也没有发生什么事情，雅各和爱伦专心致力于教会的各项活动。{2BIO 39.6}
§80
For a time to those in Battle Creek, the war seemed far away. Little was happening on the battlefields, and James and Ellen White were involved in the various church interests. {2BIO 39.6}
§81
但是随着战事进展，总统发出命令，要招募更多的人当兵。每次在总统发出命令后，各州都要提供一定数额的士兵。这样，又依次指派到每个县、市和行政区。如果自愿当兵的人达不到所需数额，就有必要征兵。为了避免征兵，就要设法鼓励符合服役年龄的男子去当兵，以补满所需名额。为了促使人们自愿报名，许多市政当局成立了市民委员会。他们为新兵准备了奖励金，一开始的时候为25美元；随着越来越多的人被派往前线，奖励金很快提升到100美元。{2BIO 39.7}
§82
But as the war progressed, the President issued calls for more soldiers. Each State was required to furnish a certain quota of men for each call, and this in turn was apportioned to each county, city, and ward. If the number of those who freely volunteered failed to reach the required quota, it would become necessary to institute a draft. To avoid this, ways had to be found to encourage the enlistment of men to make up the required number. To promote enlistment, citizens’ committees were formed in many municipalities; they arranged to offer bounties to be paid to recruits. Beginning at $25, they were soon raised to as high as $100 as more and more men were called to the front. {2BIO 39.7}
§83
安息日复临信徒担心征兵会临到他们头上，这会影响到对安息日的信守，所以怀雅各热忱地参加筹款工作，给那些志愿者们提供丰厚的奖金。安息日复临信徒通常从良心上反对持枪，但他们认为自己有责任筹款，作为奖金提供给那些没有宗教上的顾虑、不反对持枪的人自愿应征。{2BIO 40.1}
§84
Because Seventh-day Adventists were particularly anxious to avoid the threatened draft, which would involve Sabbathkeepers, James White heartily participated in the matter of raising funds to pay attractive bonuses to volunteers. Seventh-day Adventists as a rule were conscientiously opposed to the bearing of arms, yet they felt it to be their duty to join to raise money for the payment of the bonuses offered to volunteers who had no religious scruples against Army service. {2BIO 40.1}
§85
怀雅各、J.P.凯洛格和其它主要的复临信徒，出席和参加了一系列的巴特尔克里克市民聚会。在这些聚会上，虽有对战争活动的自由讨论，讨论的重点是如何尽可能地完成招兵配额，而不必应征。怀雅各讲得很明白，信守安息日的年轻男子并不是因为胆小或贪图安逸而不愿应征。他们虽然很穷，但也愿意像富足的人家一样慷慨捐资。{2BIO 40.2}
§86
James White, J. P. Kellogg, and other leading Adventists attended and took part in a number of mass meetings of Battle Creek citizens. In these meetings there was free discussion of the activities of the war, but particularly the problem of furnishing the quota of men, if possible, without the necessity of the draft. White made it clear that Sabbathkeeping young men had not refrained from volunteering because they were cowards or ease-loving. Though they were generally poor, they would willingly contribute as freely as the well-to-do. {2BIO 40.2}
§87
怀威廉详述道:{2BIO 40.3}
§88
W. C. White recounts: {2BIO 40.3}
§89
怀雅各会向他的妻子讲述他在这些群众大会上的一些经历。他的几位同工将推举他作他们的代表，在最适当的时候向基金承诺捐赠。他会在大会上说:“我代表我的朋友A.B.他受征兵法的限制，我被授权认捐_____美元。还代表我的朋友C.D.，他不受征兵法的限制，但愿意分担基金的负担，我被授权认捐_____美元。（DF 320，《预言之灵与兵役》第六页）
§90
James White would relate to his wife some of his experiences in these mass meetings. Several of his associates would appoint him as their representative to offer their pledges to the fund at the most opportune time. So he would say in the meeting, “In behalf of my friend, A. B., who is subject to the draft, I am authorized to subscribe_____dollars. Also in behalf of my friend, C. D., who is not subject to the draft, but who is willing to share the burden of the bonus fund, I am authorized to subscribe _____dollars.”—DF 320, “The Spirit of Prophecy and Military Service,” p. 6.
§91
战争没有结束的迹象，教会面临着全国壮丁征兵的威胁。随着夏天的消逝，北方地区的情绪高涨，安息日复临信徒自问，在这种情况下他们该怎么做。他们的队伍中没有人，或者几乎没有人参军。他们一直保持低调，但现在却受到了监视。1863年初，怀爱伦写道:{2BIO 40.4}
§92
With no end of the war in sight, the church faced the certain threat of a national draft of able-bodied men. As the summer wore on, excitement ran high in the Northern communities; Seventh-day Adventists asked themselves what they would do in such a situation. From their ranks none, or almost none, had enlisted. They had maintained a low profile, but now they were being watched. Writing of this in early 1863, Ellen White explained: {2BIO 40.4}
§93
许多人的注意力转向了守安息日的人，因为他们表现得不怎么关心战争，也不是志愿者。在一些地方，他们看起来就象同情叛乱一样。时候已经到了，要使人们知道我们对于奴隶制和这场叛乱的真观点。有必要以智慧行事，避免引人猜疑反对守安息日的人。（1T 356）{2BIO 41.1}
§94
The attention of many was turned to Sabbathkeepers because they manifested no greater interest in the war and did not volunteer. In some places they were looked upon as sympathizing with the Rebellion. The time had come for our true sentiments in relation to slavery and the Rebellion to be made known. There was need of moving with wisdom to turn away the suspicions excited against Sabbathkeepers.—Ibid., 1:356. [1.6] James White’s Article “The Nation” {2BIO 41.1}
§95
到1862年8月，怀雅各似乎觉得需要把有些事情说出来。他在8月12日的《评论与通讯》上发表了一篇题为《国家》的社论。在这篇文章中，他表达了自己对应征士兵的行动所负责任的看法。这引起了相当大的争议。他写道: {2BIO 41.2}
§96
By August, 1862, it seemed to James White that something must be said. He placed an editorial in the Review and Herald of August 12 titled “The Nation.” In this article he expressed his own opinion of the responsibility for the acts of the drafted soldiers. This was to cause considerable controversy. He wrote: {2BIO 41.2}
§97
《评论与通讯》在过去的十年教导我们，美国是预言的主体，而预言指出奴隶制是这个国家最黑暗和最臭名昭著的罪恶。它教导说，上天为这个国家准备了让它彻底领略的忿怒，这是对奴隶制罪恶的正当惩罚。在我们的一些出版物中，基于某些预言的反奴隶制道理已经被明确禁止在蓄奴州传播。我们上次参加总统选举的信徒，都投了亚伯拉罕?林肯的票。据我们所知，复临信徒中没有一个人赞成脱离联邦。{2BIO 41.3}
§98
For the past ten years the Review has taught that the United States of America were a subject of prophecy, and that slavery is pointed out in the prophetic word as the darkest and most damning sin upon this nation. It has taught that Heaven has wrath in store for the nation which it would drink to the very dregs, as due punishment for the sin of slavery. And the anti-slavery teachings of several of our publications based upon certain prophecies have been such that their circulation has been positively forbidden in the slave States. Those of our people who voted at all in the last Presidential election, to a man voted for Abraham Lincoln. We know of not one man among Seventh-day Adventists who has the least sympathy for secession. {2BIO 41.3}
§99
但出于我们将要阐述的原因，我们的信徒没有像其他人那样参与目前的战斗。……{2BIO 41.4}
§100
But for reasons which we will here state, our people have not taken that part in the present struggle that others have.... {2BIO 41.4}
§101
我们的信徒对十诫中上帝律法的永恒性和神圣性所采取的立场，与战争的一切要求并不一致。这部律法的第四条诫命说:“当记念安息日，守为圣日。”第六条说:“不可杀人。”但在征兵的事例中，政府承担了惩治违犯上帝律法之行为的责任，抵制它是疯狂的。在军事法律的管理下，抵制它直至被击毙的人做得太过分了。我们认为，他们要承担自杀的责任。（RH 1862.8.12）{2BIO 41.5}
§102
The position which our people have taken relative to the perpetuity and sacredness of the law of God contained in the Ten Commandments is not in harmony with all the requirements of war. The fourth precept of that law says, “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy”: the sixth says, “Thou shalt not kill.” But in the case of drafting, the government assumes the responsibility of the violation of the law of God, and it would be madness to resist. He who would resist until, in the administration of military law, he was shot down, goes too far, we think, in taking the responsibility of suicide.—The Review and Herald, August 12, 1862. (Italics supplied.) {2BIO 41.5}
§103
他以称赞和表扬之语提及美国、美国政府和美国法律:{2BIO 42.1}
§104
In words of commendation and praise he referred to the United States, its government, and its laws: {2BIO 42.1}
§105
我们目前正享受着天底下最好的政府对我们公民权利和宗教权利的保护。除了蓄奴势力强加于它的那些法令之外，其余法律是好的。……无论我们如何评价我们和蔼可亲的总统、他的内阁或军官，尊重我们国家的每一条好的法律均属基督化。耶稣说，“耶稣说，这样，凯撒的物当归给凯撒，上帝的物当归给上帝。”(太22:21)。那些藐视民法的人应该立刻收拾行装，到没有民法的地方去坐在上帝的脚凳上。（同上）{2BIO 42.2}
§106
We are at present enjoying the protection of our civil and religious rights, by the best government under heaven. With the exception of those enactments pressed upon it by the slave power, its laws are good.... Whatever we may say of our amiable President, his cabinet, or of military officers, it is Christlike to honor every good law of our land. Said Jesus, “Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s; and unto God the things that are God’s” (Matthew 22:21). Those who despise civil law should at once pack up and be off for some spot on God’s footstool where there is no civil law.—Ibid. {2BIO 42.2}
§107
他接着宣布:“对于我们来说，试图反抗天下最好的政府的法律，而这个政府正竭力镇压自撒但和他的使者背叛以来最可怕的叛乱，……那是疯狂的行为。”他补充道: {2BIO 42.3}
§108
He then declared that “for us to attempt to resist the laws of the best government under heaven, which is now struggling to put down the most hellish rebellion since that of Satan and his angels, ...would be madness.” He added: {2BIO 42.3}
§109
那些对天上的政权忠诚，对宇宙统治者的律法忠诚的人，是最不可能“偷偷”逃到加拿大或欧洲，或因害怕被征兵而恐惧战惊的。上帝是他们的父吗?祂是大能的上帝。“看哪，万民都像水桶的一滴，又算如天平上的微尘。他举起众海岛，好像极微之物”(赛40:15)。（同上）{2BIO 42.4}
§110
Those who are loyal to the government of Heaven, true to the constitution and laws of the Ruler of the universe, are the last men to “sneak” off to Canada, or to Europe, or to stand trembling in their shoes for fear of a military draft. Is God their Father? He is a mighty God. “Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing” (Isaiah 40:15).—Ibid. {2BIO 42.4}
§111
几个星期后，为了对怀雅各在征兵时所持的立场进行解释和辩护，怀爱伦同那些在应征士兵行为的责任问题上有分歧的人们进行了热烈的讨论，她宣布: {2BIO 42.5}
§112
In explanation and defense of James White’s position ventured on the draft—when it should come—a few weeks later Ellen White, in the heat of a very earnest discussion with various ones who were divided on the matter of the responsibility for actions of soldiers drafted into military service, declared: {2BIO 42.5}
§113
我蒙指示看到了由《评论与通讯》中那篇题为《国家》的文章在我们的人中引起的兴奋。有人这么理解它，有人那么理解它。明白的话语被曲解了，成了作者无意表达的意思。他给出了他当时所有的最好亮光。有必要说些什么。（1T 356）{2BIO 43.1}
§114
I was shown the excitement created among our people by the article in the Review headed, “The Nation.” Some understood it in one way, and some another. The plain statements were distorted, and made to mean what the writer did not intend. He gave the best light that he then had. It was necessary that something be said.—Testimonies for the Church, 1:356. {2BIO 43.1}
§115
她写了一份声明，跨越了几个月的历史: {2BIO 43.2}
§116
She wrote a statement that bridged several months of history: {2BIO 43.2}
§117
我蒙指示看到有些人对于上面提到的那篇文章行事非常不谨慎。那篇文章并非在各方面都与他们的意见一致，他们没有冷静地权衡这个问题，从各方面观察它，反而变得激动兴奋，有些人抓起笔，匆忙写出了经不起追究的结论。有些人是前后不一致而且不讲道理的。他们做了撒但总是催着他们去做的事，就是说，将他们自己反叛的情绪付诸了行动。（1T 356）
§118
I was shown that some moved very indiscreetly in regard to the article mentioned. It did not in all respects accord with their views, and instead of calmly weighing the matter, and viewing it in all its bearings, they became agitated, excited, and some seized the pen and jumped hastily at conclusions which would not bear investigation. Some were inconsistent and unreasonable. They did that which Satan is ever hurrying them to do, namely, acted out their own rebellious feelings.—Ibid.
§119
怀雅各的社论内容广泛，涵盖了安息日复临信徒与征兵问题及政府相关的许多要点。他建议安息日复临信徒直面问题和政府。但大多数读者的注意力集中在他关于征兵的观点上：是政府，而不是应征入伍者，对违犯上帝的法律负有全部责任。 {2BIO 43.3}
§120
James White’s editorial was broad, covering many points in the relation that he suggested Seventh-day Adventists should take toward the issues and the government. But most readers focused attention on his opinion that in regard to the draft, it was the government, not the draftee, that was fully responsible for any violations of God’s laws. {2BIO 43.3}
§121
8月26日的《评论与通讯》刊登了他的征稿呼吁，征集“任何精心撰写，旨在阐明我们这班人与当前战争之责任的文章”。威斯康辛州的T.M.斯图尔德太太曾写信给怀爱伦，询问与战争有关的一些问题，以及似乎即将临到的征兵问题。1862年8月19日，就在那篇社论发表一周后，爱伦进行了回复。她明确承认自己没有这方面的特别亮光。她主张采取一种温和的立场: {2BIO 43.4}
§122
The Review of August 26 carried his appeal for “any well-written articles, calculated to shed light upon our duty as a people in reference to the present war.” Mrs. T. M. Steward of Wisconsin had written to Ellen White inquiring on some points relating to the war, and the draft that seemed imminent. Ellen answered this August 19, 1862, just a week after the editorial had appeared. Without special light on the matter, a fact that she clearly acknowledged, she advocated a moderate stance: {2BIO 43.4}
§123
关于拿起武器的问题，我还没有完全确定，但这在我看来是一致的。我认为，如果我们顽固地拒绝遵守我们国家的法律(当法律不违反我们的宗教信仰时)而牺牲我们的生命，这会让敌人感到高兴。在我看来，撒但看到我们如此轻易地被射倒，一定会高兴得发狂，因为我们对旁观者的影响不会像殉道者的死那样有效。不，所有人都会认为我们得到了公正的待遇，因为我们不愿向陷入危机的国家伸出援手。如果我们的宗教信仰受到威胁，我们应该愉快地为基督舍命受苦。{2BIO 43.5}
§124
I am not fully settled in regard to taking up arms, but this looks consistent to me. I think it would please the enemy for us to obstinately refuse to obey the law of our country (when this law is not against our religious faith) and sacrifice our lives. It looks to me that Satan would exult to see us shot down so cheaply, for our influence could not have a salutary influence upon beholders, as the death of the martyrs. No, all would think we were served just right, because we would not come to the help of our imperiled country. Were our religious faith at stake, we should cheerfully lay down our lives and suffer for Christ. {2BIO 43.5}
§125
现在正是我们受试炼的时候，要证明我们信心的真诚。那些自称相信，却没有体验的人，将被带到艰难的境地。年轻人和老年人现在都应该在上帝的事物中寻求经验。流于表面的工作现在没用。我们必须使真理的原则深深扎根于我们的心灵之中，并在我们的生活中加以实践，这样，在困难和斗争的日子里，我们就会得到有力的支持。我们现在必须相信上帝。祂的手臂将支撑我们。（《信函》1862年第7号）{2BIO 44.1}
§126
Now is the time we are to be tested, and the genuineness of our faith proved. Those who have merely professed the faith, without an experience, will be brought into a trying place. Young and old should now seek for an experience in the things of God. A superficial work will not avail now. We must have the principles of truth wrought deep in the soul, and practice it in our life, and then we shall be girded with strength in the day of trouble and conflict before us. We must trust in God now. His arm will sustain us.—Letter 7, 1862. {2BIO 44.1}
§127
上帝确实支持信徒，当几个月后危机终于来临时，祂提供了一条逃生之路。 {2BIO 44.2}
§128
And God did sustain the believers, and He provided a way of escape when the crisis finally came months later. {2BIO 44.2}
§129
战争和教会的工作
§130
The War and the Work of the Church
§131
随着奖金攀升，更加重了人们对于战争的困惑！基督复临安息日会信徒不得不更艰难地奔走呼喊筹钱。在这个领域的圣职人员报告，布道很难进行。威廉?英格拉哈姆报告，伊利诺斯州的帐篷闲置了。因为在战乱期间，在一个新开辟的地方搭帐篷毫无用处。（RH 1862.8.19）在爱荷华州，J.H.瓦格纳和B.F.斯努克由于戒严法而被捕，直到他们从县法官那里取得证明，“说明他们的居住地，他们现在的工作和职业”才获释。法官随后奉劝他们赶快回家，因为他们每天会遇到越来越多的麻烦和困难。(RH1862.8.26) {2BIO 44.3}
§132
The perplexities incident to the war increased as the rate of bounty was raised, necessitating still heavier calls for means from Seventh-day Adventists. Workers in the field reported difficulties in connection with attempts in evangelism. William Ingraham reported the Illinois tent was laid up because it was useless to pitch the tent in new fields during the war excitement (The Review and Herald, August 19, 1862). In Iowa J. H. Waggoner and B. F. Snook were arrested under martial law and detained till they secured a certificate from the county judge “setting forth their place of residence, their present occupation and calling.” The judge advised them to repair immediately to their homes, as they would be daily more and more liable to troubles and difficulties (Ibid., August 26, 1862). {2BIO 44.3}
§133
M.E.科內尔从纽约州的罗切斯特报导说： {2BIO 44.4}
§134
From Rochester, New York, M. E. Cornell reported: {2BIO 44.4}
§135
战争骚动是巨大的，我们不得不休会两个晚上。我们的帐篷被用于召开战争方面的会议。我从没有见过罗切斯特有过这样的骚动。街道被征兵军官的帐篷堵塞了。店铺下午3点到6点都关门了，一切都在力劝男子去当兵。每晚都开战争会议。（同上)
§136
The war excitement was so great we had to adjourn for two nights. Our tent was used for the war meetings. I never saw such an excitement as there is here in Rochester. The streets are blocked up with the tents of recruiting officers. The stores are all closed up 3:00 to 6:00 P.M., and all are trying to induce men to enlist. War meetings every night.—Ibid.
§137
然而，进行公共努力所遇到的困难造成了补偿的状态。烦恼和困惑使传道士和平信徒的心冷静下来。他们更加恳切地寻求主，在所住的地方热心传道，主就赐福给他们，救了许多人的灵魂。{2BIO 45.1}
§138
Yet the difficulties that attended the holding of public efforts created compensating conditions. The troubles and perplexities sobered the hearts of ministers and laity. They sought the Lord more earnestly, they were more zealous in missionary activity in the communities where they lived, and the Lord blessed them with the salvation of many souls. {2BIO 45.1}
§139
而后于1863年1月，怀爱伦在《证言》第9辑中所写的一个全面信息，使安息日复临信徒得到了宽慰。小册子的广告刊登在新年第一期的《评论与通讯》上。上面写着:{2BIO 45.2}
§140
Then in January, 1863, relief came to the ranks of Seventh-day Adventists in a comprehensive message penned by Ellen White in Testimony No. 9. The advertisement for the pamphlet appeared in the first issue of the Review published in the new year. It read: {2BIO 45.2}
§141
《教会证言》第9辑将在几天内准备好，以邮寄方式发行，邮资已付，每本12美分。主题——战争，我们对与战争的责任——父母和孩子的责任——传道士的危机，等等。(RH 1863.1.6){2BIO 45.3}
§142
Testimony for the Church, No. 9, will be ready in a few days. It will be sent by mail, postpaid, for 12 cents a copy. Subjects—The war, and our duty in relation to it—Duty of parents and children—Danger of our ministers, et cetera.—Ibid., January 6, 1863 {2BIO 45.3}
§143
它在三期之后又刊登如下广告:“主题——战争——我们对与战争的责任——圣灵引导我们的军队，等等”。(RH 1863.1.27)信徒们一直在寻求指引。这正是该48页的小册子所承诺的。{2BIO 45.4}
§144
It was again advertised three issues later, as follows: “Subjects—The war—Our duty in relation to it—Spirits lead our army, et cetera, et cetera” (Ibid., January 27, 1863). Believers had been reaching out for guidance. It was promised in this little forty-eight-page pamphlet. {2BIO 45.4}
§145
这本感人《证言》内容将在第4章涉及征兵问题时进行讨论。{2BIO 45.5}
§146
The content of this intriguing Testimony will await discussion till the issues of the military draft are dealt with in chapter 4. {2BIO 45.5}
§147
奴隶制和战争问题
§148
Slavery and War Issues
§149
这时，《评论与通讯》刊登了一系列文章，标题是《圣经不是奴隶制的避难所》。怀雅各写道，“奴隶制的话题自然或多或少在全国引起了骚动。”相信现代真理的人经常遭到反对者的攻击，他们声称圣经支持奴隶制。有人要求《评论与通讯》提供这方面的资料。”（RH 1863.2.3）根据要求，从2月3日这期开始摘录登载路德?李的一本书，作为头版文章，为期3个月。 {2BIO 45.6}
§150
At this time a series of articles was running through the Review under the title “The Bible No Refuge for Slavery.” Wrote James White, “The subject of slavery naturally enough is being agitated more or less throughout the country. Believers in present truth are often met by opponents with the assertion that slavery is upheld by the Bible; and requests have been sent in that something be given on the subject through the Review.”—Ibid., February 3, 1863. In accordance with the request, extracts from a book authored by Luther Lee were begun in the February 3 issue and were run as first-page articles for a period of three months. {2BIO 45.6}