第08章 父母和教师的责任
§1
第八章 父母和教师的责任
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Chapter 8—Responsibilities of Parents and Teachers
§3
我对于全地各处的安息日学深切关怀，因为我相信它们是上帝的工具，教育我们的青年以圣经的真理。父母与教师应当不断地努力，使青年人关心永生重大之事。安息日学就是布道园地，在这件重大的工作上，应当表现更多的布道精神，过于以往所有的。无论是初级班还是高级班，教师都需要不断地仰望真光的大源头，求得智慧、恩典和能力，来造就学生的心，并使自己能智慧地对待基督的宝血所买来的人。每一位教师都应是那位心里柔和谦卑之主的谦逊门徒。任何人都不可只为了表明自己是了不起的教师，或具有非凡才干的人而研究或工作。他的目的应是引人归向基督。教师会遇到试探，将自我带进他的一切工作中去。若是这样，工作就会受损，因为这会使教师说话枯燥冗长，提不起儿童的兴趣，无法使他们获益。{TSS 35.1}
§4
I feel a deep interest in our Sabbath-schools throughout the land, because I believe them to be instrumentalities of God for the education of our youth in the truths of the Bible. Constant efforts should be made by both parents and teachers to interest the youth in matters of eternal importance. The Sabbath-school is a missionary field, and very much more of the missionary spirit should be manifested in this important work than has been manifested in the past. In every grade, in both primary and advanced classes, teachers need to look constantly to the great source of light for wisdom, for grace, and for power to mould the hearts of their scholars, and that they may deal intelligently with the purchase of Christ’s blood. Each teacher should be a humble follower of Him who is meek and lowly in heart. No one should study or work that he may be considered a superior teacher, or a person of unusual ability, but that he may lead souls to Christ. There will come temptations to weave self into all that is done, but the work will be marred if this is done, for it will lead to making dry, lengthy remarks that will fail to interest or benefit the minds of the children. {TSS 35.1}
§5
虽然教员应该付出明智耐心的努力，但却不可将工作全部留给安息日学和教会的工人，这工作必须以家庭工作为基础和支撑。父母们有神圣的责任和嘱托，他们蒙召要本着敬畏上帝的心负起职责，履行责任，为自己儿女的灵魂警醒，好像将来交账的人。{TSS 35.2}
§6
While it is essential that wise, patient efforts should be made by the teacher, the work must not be left altogether to the Sabbath-school and church worker, but it must find its foundation and support in the work of the home. Parents have a sacred responsibility and charge committed to them, and they are called upon to keep their charge, to bear their responsibility in the fear of God, watching for the souls of their children and they who must give an account. {TSS 35.2}
§7
家庭布道工作一直被奇怪地忽略了。那些最应该象基督那样切心关怀儿女得救的人，竟然漠视了自己的职责，轻视了自己家庭的需要。上帝已交给为人父母者的责任，许多人竟转交给安息日学工人和教会的感化了。但每一个器皿都有各自的工作，疏于尽本分的父母必被称在天平里，显出亏欠。. {TSS 36.1}
§8
Home missionary work has been strangely neglected. Those who have had the greatest reason for earnest, Christ-like solicitude for the salvation of their children, have been indifferent to their responsibilities, and have lightly regarded the wants of their households. The responsibility which God has given to men and women as parents, many have shifted from themselves to the Sabbath-school worker and to the church influence. But each instrumentality has its work, and parents who neglect their part will be weighed in the balances and found wanting. {TSS 36.1}
§9
基督在云柱中赐给以色列人的指示，规定了父母的责任，并非模糊不定或难以理解的。这个指示也是要警诫我们，使我们受益的。“你们要将我这话存在心内，留在意中，系在手上为记号，戴在额上为经文”（申11:18）。他们做每一样工作，都要想起主的诫命。要将它系在手上，不是照字面意思，而是要它对他们生活中每一件事务都发挥影响。要将它戴在额上。他们的心思要专注于上帝诫命的真理，并受真理的原则管理。“也要教训你们的儿女，无论坐在家里，行在路上，躺下，起来，都要谈论；又要写在房屋的门框上，并城门上，使你们和你们子孙的日子在耶和华向你们列祖起誓、应许给他们的地上得以增多，如天覆地的日子那样多”（申11:19-21）。……{TSS 36.2}
§10
The instruction of Christ from the pillar of cloud to the children of Israel, defines the duty of parents, and is not indefinite or hard to be understood. This instruction is for our admonition and benefit. “Therefore shall ye lay up these My words in your heart and in your soul, and bind them for a sign upon your hand, that they may be as frontlets between your eyes.” In every work of their hands, they were to remember the commandment of the Lord. It was to be bound upon their hands, not literally, but to exert an influence over every transaction of their lives. It was to be as frontlets between their eyes. Their minds were to dwell upon the truth of God’s commandments, and they were to be governed by their principles. “And ye shall teach them your children, speaking of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thine house, and upon thy gates; that your days may be multiplied, and the days of your children, in the land which the Lord sware unto your fathers to give them, as the days of heaven upon the earth.” ... {TSS 36.2}
§11
教导礼貌和谦恭
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Teach Modesty and Humility
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上帝的儿子为要教导以色列人而赐给摩西的指示，如今和当时一样重要，今日的父母应当与上帝古时的子民一样予以听从。我们若想看到上帝所定遵循祂道路的结果，就必须将宗教结合到家庭生活的每一部分。骄傲、自负和狂妄是今日儿童的特征，是时代的祸害。我看见到处都有这种不象基督的、不可爱的表现，又看见父母和教师们力图炫耀他们子女和学生的能耐和专长时，就感到心痛；因为我知道，这正与我们应有的表现背道而驰。{TSS 37.1}
§14
The direction given by the Son of God to Moses, for the instruction of the children of Israel, is just as essential now as it was then, and it should be heeded as diligently by parents today as by God’s ancient people. Religion must be woven into every part of the home life if we would see the results that God has designed as the fruit of following His way. Pride, self-esteem, and boldness are marked characteristics of the children of this day, and they are the curse of the age. When I see this unchristlike, unlovely manifestation on every side, and then see parents and teachers seeking to display the ability and proficiency of their children and scholars, I am pained to the heart; for I know that it is exactly the opposite course from the one that should be pursued. {TSS 37.1}
§15
父母和教师若从圣经收集知识，以其神圣的原则来管理自己的心思和行动，就不必迷路，陷入旁门左道，走上禁路。要在家里或安息日学中教导儿童虚心和谦卑最神圣的教训。要教导他们上帝律法的崇高要求和他们在上帝面前的责任。所给予他们的教训应该使他们在今生有用，并在来生不朽的国度中有一席之地。 {TSS 37.2}
§16
Parents and teachers who gather their knowledge from the Bible, who are governed in mind and action by its holy principles, need not go astray, and be found in by and forbidden paths. The most sacred lessons of modesty and humility are to be taught to the children, both at home and in the Sabbath-school. They are to be instructed as to the high claims of the law of God, and as to their responsibility before Him. The lessons that should be presented to them should be of such a character as would qualify them for usefulness in this life, and for a place in the future, immortal kingdom. {TSS 37.2}
§17
“你要尽心，尽性，尽力爱耶和华你的上帝。我今日所吩咐你的话都要记在心上，也要殷勤教训你的儿女，无论你坐在家里，行在路上，躺下，起来，都要谈论”（申6:5-7）。这些话清楚地界定了父母和教师的责任；他们若是愿意遵行这个指示，就不会看不到最佳结果。大蒙主眷爱的以色列国若是实施了永生上帝的儿子在云柱中赐给他们的指示，圣经所记以色列人的历史就会多么不同啊！但他们却没有殷勤遵行所得的警戒。他们没能教导儿女上帝的要求；结果在我们面前的悲惨画面便是一个国家被上帝弃绝。他们离上帝的智慧那么远，以致当大教师耶稣，世界的救赎主出现时，他们竟然喊着说：“除掉祂”（约19:15)！人的遗传竟比上帝的诫命更受尊重。虚伪的习惯和人的发明取代了上帝纯正的教训。那应该成为他们生命一部分的，竟被视为无足轻重而没什么价值了。{TSS 37.3}
§18
“And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart; and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.” These words plainly define the duty of parents and teachers; and if they will follow this instruction, they will not fail to see the best results. How different would have been the scriptural record of the history of Israel, a nation so highly favored of the Lord, if they had carried out the instruction given them from the pillar of cloud by the Son of the living God. But they did not diligently follow the admonitions given. They failed to teach their children the requirements of God; and the sad results are pictured before us in a nation rejected of God. They separated so far from the wisdom of God that when the great Teacher, Jesus, the world’s Redeemer, appeared, they cried, “Away with Him!” The tradition of men was more highly revered than the commandments of God. False practises and human inventions had taken the place of the pure teaching of God. That which was to have become a part of their being, was regarded as of small consequence and little worth. {TSS 37.3}
§19
基督来到世上要示范真正的宗教，高举那些应该统管人的内心与行为的原则时，那些曾有大光的人竟因根深蒂固的虚谎而不再领悟亮光，不想放弃遗传，接受真理。他们拒绝了天上的教师，钉死了荣耀的主，以便维护他们自己的习俗和发明。今日的世界正在表现同样的精神。人们反对察验真理，惟恐自己的传统受到干扰，带来新的局面。人是不断倾向于犯错的，而且人们自然趋向于推崇人的理念和知识，却不领悟和赏识神圣永恒的事。对于没有成见的人来说，基督的话如同来自天上的亮光。“从来没有象祂这样说话的”（约7:46）。当大教师提出永恒将来的动人现实时，这个将亡世界的事就黯然失色了。那些一直在祈求亮光的人多么急切地接受了真理啊。但骄傲而自以为义的人却拒绝了祂的信息。{TSS 38.1}
§20
When Christ came into the world to exemplify true religion, and to exalt the principles that should govern the hearts and actions of men, falsehood had taken so deep a hold upon those who had had so great light, that they no longer comprehended the light, and had no inclination to yield up tradition for truth. They rejected the heavenly Teacher, they crucified the Lord of glory, that they might retain their own customs and inventions. The very same spirit is manifested in the world today. Men are averse to investigating truth, lest their traditions should be disturbed, and a new order of things should be brought in. There is with humanity a constant liability to err, and men are naturally inclined to highly exalt human ideas and knowledge, while the divine and eternal is not discerned or appreciated. To those who were unprejudiced, the words of Christ were as the light from heaven. “He spake as never man spake.” As the great Teacher presented the absorbing realities of the eternal future, the things of this perishing world were eclipsed. How eagerly did those who had been praying for light receive the truth. But the proud and self-righteous refused His message. {TSS 38.1}
§21
如何教导How to Teach
§22
本着基督的简朴，将圣经中的教训向儿童和青少年讲明，这是多么重要啊。教师要把一切高深难懂的字句留在家里，只用年幼的脑筋容易理解的最简单的字眼。然而为了作一名成功的教师，你们不仅应该使用简单的教学方法，而且必须把同情和慈爱带入安息日学中。孩子们会认出这种要素并受它影响。男男女女只不过是长大了的孩子。我们岂不也会响应真实的同情与慈爱的言语表情吗？神圣的教师耶稣使祂的门徒确信祂对他们的爱。祂取了人性，不过是为了向人们显示上帝的怜悯、慈爱和善良，为祂所造的人提供救恩和幸福。祂为此而死。祂在说出最温柔同情的话语时，也因意识到祂想要为他们“充充足足”的成就一切，超过他们所求所想的而欢喜快乐。祂每天都从事造福人类的工作，向他们显明祂向堕落人类所存的温柔和爱心是多么浩大。祂的心是永不枯竭的怜悯之源，饥渴的心灵可以从而得到生命水的供应。{TSS 39.1}
§23
How important are the lessons that may be given to the children and youth in unfolding the Scriptures in the simplicity of Christ! Let the teacher leave all his hard, high-sounding words at home, and take only the simplest words, that will be readily comprehended by the minds of the young. But in order to be a successful teacher, not only should the methods of teaching be simple, but you must take sympathy and love with you into the Sabbath-school. The children will recognize this element and be influenced by it. Men and women are only grown-up children. Do we not respond to words and looks of real sympathy and love? Jesus, the divine Teacher, assured His disciples of His love toward them. He assumed human nature for no other purpose than to display to men the mercy, the love, and the goodness of God in providing for the salvation and happiness of His creatures. It was for this end that He died. While uttering His tenderest words of sympathy, He rejoiced in the consciousness that He intended to do “exceedingly abundantly,” above what they were able to ask or think. Daily He exhibited before them, in works of blessing to man, how great was His tenderness and love to the fallen race. His heart was a fountain of inexhaustible compassion, from which the longing heart could be supplied with the water of life. {TSS 39.1}
§24
耶稣对民众讲道的时候，他们都对祂的道理感到惊讶；因为祂教导他们好像有权柄的人，不象文士。文士们曾努力建立自己的理论，还得藉着无休止地重复寓言和幼稚的遗传来努力维持那些理论，好保持他们对民众心思的影响力。他们最堂皇的公开施教方式大半是例行一轮轮没有意义的仪式，以及重复那些琐屑无聊的意见。耶稣的教训却以最容易理解和最简单的方式谆谆教导最重要的理念和最崇高的真理，而“众人都喜欢听祂”（可12:37）。这就是应该在我们的安息日学中给予的那种教导。亮光，天上的亮光，必须从耶稣反照出来，祂是奇妙的教师，儿童和青少年的心灵必须被祂的品格和慈爱的神圣荣耀所照亮。这样就可以美好的单纯引导孩子们归向“上帝的羔羊，除去世人罪孽的”（约1:29）。（《安息日学工作者》1889年4月1日）{TSS 40.1}
§25
When Jesus spoke to the people, they were astonished at His doctrine; for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes. The scribes had labored to establish their theories, and they had to labor to sustain them, and to keep their influence over the minds of the people, by endless repetition of fables and childish traditions. The loftiest models of public instruction consisted largely in going through heartless rounds of unmeaning ceremonies, and in the repetition of frivolous opinions. The teaching of Jesus inculcated the weightiest ideas and the most sublime truths in the most comprehensible and simple manner, and “the common people heard Him gladly.” This is the kind of instruction that should be given in our Sabbath-schools. Light, heaven’s light, must be reflected from Jesus, the wonderful Teacher, and the souls of the children and youth must be illumined with the divine glory of His character and love. Thus the children may be led in beautiful simplicity to “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.”—Sabbath-School Worker, April 1, 1889, par. 11. {TSS 40.1}