第07章 教师与教导
§1
第07章 教师与教导
§2
Chap. 7 - Teachers and Teaching.
§3
真教育，并不只是学习某门课程，它的范围是很广泛的。它包括身体、心智各方面才能的均衡发展。它教导人敬爱上帝，并为忠心履行人生的本分作好准备。{SpTEd 47.1}[1]
§4
True education means more than taking a certain course of study. It is broad. It includes the harmonious development of all the physical powers and the mental faculties. It teaches the love and fear of God, and is a preparation for the faithful discharge of lifes duties. {SpTEd 47.1}[1]
§5
有一种教育，在本质上是世俗化的。它的目的是世俗方面的成功，满足自私的奢望。为了接受这种教育，许多学生枉费了光阴和钱财，心里装满了许多无关重要的知识。世人把他们看作是有学问的，但他们的思想中，没有上帝。他们从属世的知识树上取食，其上的果子只能产生并助长人的骄傲。他们逐渐悖逆并远离上帝。他们把上帝所赐的才能，用在仇敌的方面。现代的许多教育都是具有这种性质。世人或许以为它是值得追求的，但它只能增加学生的危险。{SpTEd 47.2}[2]
§6
There is an education that is essentially worldly. Its aim is success in the world, the gratification of selfish ambition. To secure this education many students spend time and money in crowding their minds with unnecessary knowledge. The world accounts them learned; but God is not in their thoughts. They eat of the tree of worldly knowledge, which nourishes and strengthens pride. In their hearts they become disobedient and estranged from God; and their entrusted gifts are placed on the enemys side. Much of the education at the present time is of this character. The world may regard it as highly desirable; but it increases the peril of the student. {SpTEd 47.2}[2]
§7
另有一种教育与此大不相同。世界有史以来，最伟大的教师为它指出了基本的原理，就是：“你们要先求祂的国和祂的义”（太6:33）。它的目的不是自私的。它的宗旨是尊荣上帝，在世上事奉祂。功课的学习和实业的训练，都不偏离这个目标。这种教育研究上帝的话，与上帝保持活泼的联系，并操练更美的情感和品格的特性。这种教育必产生永久的成果。因为“敬畏耶和华，是智慧的开端”（箴9:10），认识祂的话，比一切知识更好。{SpTEd 48.1}[3]
§8
There is another kind of education that is very different. Its fundamental principle, as stated by the greatest Teacher the world has ever known, is, Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness. Its aim is not selfish; it is to honor God, and to serve him in the world. Both the studies pursued and the industrial training have this object in view. The word of God is studied; a vital connection with God is maintained, and the better feelings and traits of character are brought into exercise. This kind of education produces results as lasting as eternity. For the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and better than all other knowledge is an understanding of his word. {SpTEd 48.1}[3]
§9
我们的学校应提供哪一种教育？是遵循世界的智慧，还是遵循上头来的智慧？教师们难道没有认识到自己在这方面的责任，以保证圣经在我们学校的教育中占有更重要的位置吗？ {SpTEd 48.2}[4]
§10
What shall be the character of the education given in our schools? Shall it be according to the wisdom of this world, or according to that wisdom which is from above? Will not teachers awake to their responsibility in this matter, and see that the word of God has a larger place in the instruction given in our schools? {SpTEd 48.2}[4]
§11
教师的工作，应不限于传授书本知识。他们引导和教育青年的工作，是很重要的。因为他们的责任是塑造心灵和品格。凡担负这项工作的人，应具有端庄均衡的品格。他们应举止优雅，服装整洁，处处谨慎。应当有真基督化的礼貌，博得人的信任和尊敬。教师希望学生怎样，他们自己就先当怎样。{SpTEd 48.3}[5]
§12
Teachers are to do more for students than to impart a knowledge of books. Their position as guide and instructor of youth is most responsible; for to them is given the work of molding mind and character. Those who undertake this work should possess well-balanced, symmetrical characters. They should be refined in manner, neat in dress, careful in all their habits; and they should have that true Christian courtesy that wins confidence and respect. The teacher should be himself what he wishes his students to become. {SpTEd 48.3}[5]
§13
教师应看顾他们的学生，如同牧人看顾所交付他的羊群一样；应当关心学生，如同要交账的人。{SpTEd 49.0}[6]
§14
Teachers are to watch over their students, as the shepherd watches over the flock entrusted to his charge. They should care for souls as they that must give account. {SpTEd 48.4}[6]
§15
教师可以懂得许多物质世界的事。他可以明白动物的构造，自然科学的发现，机械技术的发明，但他若没有从内心认识上帝和基督，就不配作教师，担任教导青年的工作。他自己若还没有成为基督学校的学生，在神圣的教师门下受教，就不能作一个真正的教育者。{SpTEd 49.1}[7]
§16
The teacher may understand many things in regard to the physical universe; he may know all about the structure of animal life, the discoveries of natural science, the inventions of mechanical art; but he cannot be called educated, he is not fitted for his work as an instructor of youth, unless he has in his own soul a knowledge of God and of Christ. He cannot be a true educator until he is himself a learner in the school of Christ, receiving an education from the divine Instructor. {SpTEd 49.1}[7]
§17
上帝是一切智慧的泉源。祂的智慧、公义和良善，都是无限的。离开基督，世界上最聪明的人，也不能认识上帝。他们可能自以为有智慧，凭着自己的学识夸口。但这种纯属心智方面的知识，若与以基督为中心的真理相比较，就显得微不足道了。“智慧人不要因他的智慧夸口，……夸口的却因他有聪明，认识我是耶和华，又知道我喜悦在世上施行慈爱公平和公义，以此夸口”（耶9:23,24）。{SpTEd 49.2}[8]
§18
God is the source of all wisdom. He is infinitely wise, and just, and good. The wisest men that ever lived cannot comprehend him. They may profess to be wise; they may glory in their great attainments; but mere intellectual knowledge, aside from the great truths that center in Christ, is as nothingness. Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom;... but let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth. {SpTEd 49.2}[8]
§19
如果人能片时看见将来的景象，瞥见永在的主，他就必不再以自己夸口了。生活在这地球狭小范围中的人是有限的。上帝有无数顺从祂律法、彰显祂荣耀的星球，即使人尽他有限的智力进行科学研究，仍有无穷的范围他们无法理解。{SpTEd 49.3}[9]
§20
If men could see for a moment beyond the finite vision, if they could catch a glimpse of the Eternal, every mouth would be stopped in its boasting. Men, living in this little atom of a world, are finite; God has unnumbered worlds that are obedient to his laws, and are conducted with reference to his glory. When men have gone as far in scientific research as their limited powers will permit, there is still an infinity beyond what they can apprehend. {SpTEd 49.3}[9]
§21
人在获得真智慧之先，必须认识自己需要倚靠上帝，并为祂的智慧所充满。上帝是智力和灵力的泉源。那些世人所认为在科学上已经登峰造极的伟人，根本不能同蒙爱的约翰或使徒保罗相比。只有当智力和灵力相结合时，人才能达到最高的标准。凡这样做的人，上帝必接纳他为训练人的同工。{SpTEd 50.1}[10]
§22
Before men can be truly wise, they must realize their dependence upon God, and be filled with his wisdom. God is the source of intellectual as well as spiritual power. The greatest men, who have reached what the world regards as wonderful heights in science, are not to be compared with the beloved John or the great apostle Paul. It is when intellectual and moral power are combined that the greatest standard of manhood is reached. God will accept such a man as a worker together with himself in the training of minds. {SpTEd 50.1}[10]
§23
认识自己是大学问。凡正确估计自己的教师，必让上帝塑造并培养他的心智，认识他力量的来源。因为“你有什么不是领受的呢？若是领受的，为何自夸，仿佛不是领受的呢”（林前4:7）。认识自我，必使他谦卑地信靠上帝。但这并不代替求进步的努力。凡认识到自己缺乏的人，必努力达到身体、心智和道德方面的最高标准。人若满足较低的标准，就不能参与教育青年。{SpTEd 50.2}[11]
§24
To know ones self is great knowledge. The teacher who rightly estimates himself will let God mold him and discipline his mind. And he will acknowledge the source of his power. For what hast thou that thou didst not receive? now if thou didst receive it, why dost thou glory, as if thou hadst not received it? 1 Corinthians 4:7. Self-knowledge leads to humility and trust in God; but it does not take the place of efforts for self-improvement. He who realizes his own deficiencies should spare no pains to reach the highest possible standard of physical, mental, and moral excellence. No one should have a part in the training of youth, who will be satisfied with a lower standard. {SpTEd 50.2}[11]
§25
真教师必设法藉着教训和榜样，吸引人心归向基督。他必因爱真理而接受真理，并让真理洁净他的心，塑造他的生活。每一位教师，必须处于圣灵完全的管理之下，这样，基督就能向他的心灵说话。祂的声音是爱的声音。上帝的爱，若被人接受到心中，就能成为向善的能力，振奋并扩大人的心灵。教师的心，既为上帝的爱所鼓舞，就必高举髑髅地的人子，不是使学生偶尔看见，而是使他们不断瞻仰祂，直到认识祂为“超乎万人之上”、“全然可爱”（歌5:10,16）的那一位。{SpTEd 50.3}[12]
§26
The true teacher will try by precept and example to win souls to Christ. He must receive the truth in the love of it, and let it cleanse his heart, and mold his life. Every teacher should be under the full control of the Holy Spirit. Then Christ can speak to the heart, and his voice is the voice of love. And the love of God, received into the heart, is an active power for good, quickening and enlarging the mind and soul. With his own heart warm with divine love, the teacher will lift up the Man of Calvary, not to give the students a casual glance, but to hasten their attention until Jesus shall seem to them the Chiefest among ten thousand, and the One altogether lovely. {SpTEd 50.3}[12]
§27
圣灵是在人的心上恢复上帝形像的有效助手。但祂的影响和能力，却没有引起我们学校的重视。昔日祂曾进入先知的学校，使人的思想与上帝的旨意和谐一致。这些学校与上天有活泼的联络。这些忠心的人，与天使同唱赞美的诗歌，表达了他们的喜乐和感恩。{SpTEd 51.1}[13]
§28
The Holy Spirit is an effective helper in restoring the image of God in the human soul, and its efficiency and power have not been appreciated in our schools. It came into the schools of the prophets, bringing even the thought into harmony with the will of God. There was a living connection between heaven and these schools; and the joy and thanksgiving of loving hearts found expression in songs of praise in which angels joined. {SpTEd 51.1}[13]
§29
圣灵来到世上，作基督的代表，祂不仅讲说真理，而且祂本身就是真理，是诚信真实的见证者，是监察人心的，熟知众人的品格。{SpTEd 51.2}[14]
§30
The Holy Spirit comes to the world as Christs representative. It not only speaks the truth, but it is the truth--the faithful and true Witness. It is the great Searcher of hearts, and is acquainted with the characters of all. {SpTEd 51.2}[14]
§31
圣灵常来到我们的学校，只是不为人们所认识，却被人们当作陌生人，甚至当作是不速之客。每一个教师，应当认识并欢迎这天来的宾客。教师若敞开心门接受圣灵，他们就能作好准备，在教育学生的工作中与祂合作。圣灵若得以自由工作，就必进行一番奇妙的改革。祂必运行在每一个人的心中，纠正自私，塑造并提炼品格，使人的思想顺服基督。{SpTEd 51.3}[15]
§32
The Holy Spirit has often come to our schools, and has not been recognized, but has been treated as a stranger, perhaps even as an intruder. Every teacher should know and welcome this heavenly guest. If the teachers will open their own hearts to receive the Spirit, they will be prepared to co-operate with it in working for their students; and when it is given free course, it will effect wonderful transformations. It will work in each heart, correcting selfishness, molding and refining the character, and bringing even the thoughts into captivity to Christ. {SpTEd 51.3}[15]
§33
教师的伟大目的，应是在自己和学生身上，造就基督徒的完美品格，教师们！你们的灯应当剔净点燃，不仅照亮你们的学生，而且以清明的光辉，照耀学生的家庭和邻居，并深深照进世界的道德黑暗之中。?{SpTEd 51.4}--1896年5月15日[16]
§34
The great aim of the teacher should be the perfection of Christian character, in himself and in his students. Teachers, let your lamps be trimmed and burning; and they will not only be lights to your students, but will send out clear and distinct rays to the homes and neighborhoods where your students live, and far beyond into the moral darkness of the world. May 15, 1896. - {SpTEd 51.4}[16]