第19章 饶恕人的程度
§1
第19章 饶恕人的程度
§2
Chap. 19—The Measure of Forgiveness
§3
（根据太18:21-35）
§4
彼得曾到基督面前来问道：“主啊，我弟兄得罪我，我当饶恕他几次呢？到七次可以吗？”拉比们将饶恕人限于三次。彼得按照自己对基督教训的认识，把限度放宽到七次。这个数目代表完全。但基督教训我们，饶恕人不可厌倦。祂说：“不是到七次，乃是到七十个七次。”{COL 243.1}[1]
§5
This chapter is based on?Matthew 18:21-35.
§6
Peter had come to Christ with the question, “How oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?” The rabbis limited the exercise of forgiveness to three offenses. Peter, carrying out, as he supposed, the teaching of Christ, thought to extend it to seven, the number signifying perfection. But Christ taught that we are never to become weary of forgiving. Not “Until seven times,” He said, “but, Until seventy times seven.”?{COL 243.1}[1]
§7
然后祂说明了饶恕的真实依据，以及心怀不饶恕之精神的危险性。在比喻中，祂说到有一位国王如何对待那些办理他政府事务的官吏。有些官吏所经手的，是巨额的公款。当国王审查他们的账目时，有一个人被带到国王面前。他的账本表明，他亏空了主人一笔高达一千万两银子的巨款。他既无法偿还，王就根据当时的惯例，下令将他和他所有的财产都变卖了，来清偿这笔债务。那个臣仆在惊恐之余俯伏在王脚前恳求说：“主啊，宽容我，将来我都要还清。”那仆人的主人就动了慈心，释放了他，并且免了他的债务。{COL 243.2}[2]
§8
Then He showed the true ground upon which forgiveness is to be granted and the danger of cherishing an unforgiving spirit. In a parable He told of a king’s dealing with the officers who administered the affairs of his government. Some of these officers were in receipt of vast sums of money belonging to the state. As the king investigated their administration of this trust, there was brought before him one man whose account showed a debt to his lord for the immense sum of ten thousand talents. He had?nothing to pay, and according to the custom, the king ordered him to be sold, with all that he had, that payment might be made. But the terrified man fell at his feet and besought him, saying, “Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Then the Lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt.?{COL 243.2}[2]
§9
“那仆人出来，遇见他的一个同伴欠他十两银子，便揪着他，掐住他的喉咙，说：‘你把所欠的还我！’他的同伴就俯伏央求他说：‘宽容我吧！将来我必还清。’他不肯，竟去把他下在监里，等他还了所欠的债。众同伴看见他所做的事，就甚忧愁，去把这事都告诉了主人。于是，主人叫了他来，对他说：‘你这恶奴才！你央求我，我就把你所欠的都免了。你不应当怜恤你的同伴，像我怜恤你吗？’主人就大怒，把他交给掌刑的，等他还清了所欠的债。”{COL 244.1}[3]
§10
“But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence; and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. And he would not; but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt. So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done. Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me: shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him.”?{COL 244.1}[3]
§11
为了把这件事说清楚，比喻提供了一些细节，但它们不一定有相应的属灵意义。我们不必为此而转移注意力。比喻说明了一些重要的真理。我们的思想应该集中在这些真理上。{COL 244.2}[4]
§12
This parable presents details which are needed for the filling out of the picture but which have no counterpart in its spiritual significance. The attention should not be diverted to them. Certain great truths are illustrated, and to these our thought should be given.?{COL 244.2}[4]
§13
王的宽恕代表上帝赦免一切的罪恶。那动了慈心豁免仆人债务的王代表基督。人因违犯律法已被定罪。他无法拯救自己。所以基督来到这个世界，神性披上人性，舍弃了祂的性命，以义的代替不义的。祂为我们的罪而献上自己，并将祂宝血所换来的赦免白白地赐给每一个人。“因祂有慈爱，有丰盛的救恩”（诗130:7）。{COL 244.3}[5]
§14
The pardon granted by this king represents a divine forgiveness of all sin. Christ is represented by the king, who, moved with compassion, forgave the debt of his servant. Man was under the condemnation of the broken law. He could not save himself, and for this reason Christ came to this world, clothed His divinity with humanity, and gave His life, the just for the unjust. He gave Himself?for our sins, and to every soul He freely offers the blood-bought pardon. “With the Lord there is mercy, and with Him is plenteous redemption.”?Psalm 130:7.?{COL 244.3}[5]
§15
这就是我们应向我们的同胞罪人表示同情的理由。“上帝既是这样爱我们，我们也当彼此相爱”（约壹4:11）。基督说：“你们白白地得来，也要白白地舍去”（太10:8）。{COL 245.1}[6]
§16
Here is the ground upon which we should exercise compassion toward our fellow sinners. “If God so loved us, we ought also to love one another.”?1 John 4:11. “Freely ye have received,” Christ says, “freely give.”?Matthew 10:8.?{COL 245.1}[6]
§17
在比喻中，那个欠债的人请求延期，并且承诺：“宽容我，将来我都要还清。”王就收回成命，豁免了他一切的债务。他很快就有机会效法那饶恕他之主的榜样。他出去后，遇见一个欠他很少钱的同伴。他被主所豁免的债是一千万两银子，而这个人只欠他十两银子。可是这个大蒙怜恤的人却以一种完全不同的态度来对待他的同伴。欠他债的人对他的请求，是与他对王的请求一样的，可是结果却完全两样。那个刚蒙赦免的人毫无同情和怜恤之心，没有按他所蒙受的恩慈来对待自己的同伴。他不理会那人要他宽容的请求。这忘恩的仆人一心想着别人欠他的一点银子。他向那人索取他认为该还的全部债款，并对那人施用主人曾不忍心加在他身上的处罚。{COL 245.2}[7]
§18
In the parable, when the debtor pleaded for delay, with the promise, “Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all,” the sentence was revoked. The whole debt was canceled. And he was soon given an opportunity to follow the example of the master who had forgiven him. Going out, he met a fellow servant who owed him a small sum. He had been forgiven ten thousand talents; the debtor owed him a hundred pence. But he who had been so mercifully treated, dealt with his fellow laborer in an altogether different manner. His debtor made an appeal similar to that which he himself had made to the king, but without a similar result. He who had so recently been forgiven was not tenderhearted and pitiful. The mercy shown him he did not exercise in dealing with his fellowservant. He heeded not the request to be patient. The small sum owed to him was all that the ungrateful servant would keep in mind. He demanded all that he thought his due, and carried into effect a sentence similar to that which had been so graciously revoked for him.?{COL 245.2}[7]
§19
今日也有许多人表现出这种精神。那个债户向债主求怜恤时，对自己债额的庞大并没有正确的认识。他没有看到自己无法自救，居然想解救自己，说：“主啊,宽容我，将来我都要还清。”同样，有许多人也想靠自己的行为赚取上帝的悦纳。他们没有意识到自己无法自救。他们不把上帝的恩典作为一种白白的恩赐来领受，却想建立自己的义。他们自己的心没有因罪而伤痛自卑，对待别人既严厉又无宽恕的精神。他们得罪上帝的地方，比起弟兄得罪他们的地方，犹如一千万两银子与十两银子相比-——一百万比一，但他们竟敢不饶恕别人。{COL 245.3}[8]
§20
How many are today manifesting the same spirit. When the debtor pleaded with his lord for mercy, he had no true sense of the greatness of his debt. He did not realize his helplessness. He hoped to deliver himself. “Have patience with me,” he said, “and I will pay thee all.” So there are many who hope by their own works to merit God’s favor. They do not realize their helplessness. They?do not accept the grace of God as a free gift, but are trying to build themselves up in self-righteousness. Their own hearts are not broken and humbled on account of sin, and they are exacting and unforgiving toward others. Their?own sins against God, compared with their brother’s sins against them, are as ten thousand talents to one hundred pence—nearly one million to one; yet they dare to be unforgiving.?{COL 245.3}[8]
§21
比喻中的主人把不怜恤人的债户叫来，“对他说：‘你这恶奴才！你央求我，我就把你所欠的都免了。你不应当怜恤你的同伴，像我怜恤你吗？’主人就大怒，把他交给掌刑的，等他还清了所欠的债。”耶稣说：“你们各人若不从心里饶恕你的弟兄，我天父也要这样待你们了。”凡不肯饶恕人的，就是放弃了自己得蒙赦免的希望。{COL 247.1}[9]
§22
In the parable the lord summoned the unmerciful debtor, and “said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me; shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him.” “So likewise,” said Jesus, “shall My Heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.” He who refuses to forgive is thereby casting away his own hope of pardon.?{COL 247.1}[9]
§23
但是这个比喻的教训不可滥用。上帝对于我们的赦免，并不减少我们顺从祂的义务。我们对同胞的宽恕精神也并不减少合法债务的权利。基督在教导门徒的祷告中说：“免我们的债，如同我们免了人的债”（太6:12）。祂并不是说，为了使我们的罪得蒙赦免，我们就不可以向欠我们债的人讨债。如果他们不能偿还，即使是因为他们不善于理财，也不可以将他们下在监里，压迫甚至苦待他们。但是这比喻并没有叫我们鼓励懒惰的精神。上帝明说：“若有人不肯做工，就不可吃饭”（帖后3:10）。主没有要求劳碌作工的人去养活懒惰的人。有许多人浪费光阴，不肯劳动，结果造成贫困缺乏。如果犯有这种错误的人不加以纠正，那么对于他们的一切接济，都会像把钱放进有漏洞的钱袋里。但是也有一种人的贫困是出于不得已。我们应当对这等不幸的人表现温情和同情。我们对待别人的态度，应当像我们自己若处于同样的环境中所希望得到别人的看待一样。{COL 247.2}[10]
§24
But the teaching of this parable should not be misapplied. God’s forgiveness toward us lessens in no wise our duty to obey Him. So the spirit of forgiveness toward our fellow men does not lessen the claim of just obligation. In the prayer which Christ taught His disciples He said, “Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.”?Matthew 6:12. By this He did not mean that in order to be forgiven our sins we must not require our just dues from our debtors. If they cannot pay, even though this may be the result of unwise management, they are not to be cast into prison, oppressed, or even treated harshly; but the parable does not teach us to encourage indolence. The word of God declares that if a man will not work, neither shall he eat. (2 Thessalonians 3:10.) The Lord does not require the hard-working man to support others in idleness. With many there is a waste of time, a lack of effort, which brings to poverty and want. If these faults are not corrected by those who indulge them, all that might be done in their behalf would be like putting treasure into a bag with holes. Yet there is an unavoidable poverty, and we are to manifest tenderness and compassion toward those who are unfortunate.?We should treat others just as we ourselves, in like circumstances, would wish to be treated.?{COL 247.2}[10]
§25
圣灵藉着使徒保罗吩咐我们说：“所以在基督里若有什么劝勉，爱心有什么安慰，圣灵有什么交通，心中有什么慈悲怜悯，你们就要意念相同，爱心相同，有一样的心思，有一样的意念，使我的喜乐可以满足。凡事不可结党，不可贪图虚浮的荣耀，只要存心谦卑，各人看别人比自己强。各人不要单顾自己的事，也要顾别人的事。你们当以基督耶稣的心为心”（腓2:1-5）。{COL 248.1}[11]
§26
The Holy Spirit through the apostle Paul charges us: “If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies, fulfil ye my joy, that ye be like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus.”?Philippians 2:1-5.?{COL 248.1}[11]
§27
但是我们不可轻看罪恶。主吩咐我们不可纵容弟兄犯罪。祂说：“若是你的弟兄得罪你，就劝戒他”（路17:3）。要称罪为罪，并坦率地向犯罪的人指出来。{COL 248.2}[12]
§28
But sin is not to be lightly regarded. The Lord has commanded us not to suffer wrong upon our brother. He says, “If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him.”?Luke 17:3. Sin is to be called by its right name, and is to be plainly laid out before the wrongdoer.?{COL 248.2}[12]
§29
保罗在圣灵的感动下嘱咐提摩太说：“无论得时不得时，总要专心，并用百般的忍耐，各样的教训，责备人，警戒人，劝勉人”（提后4:2）。他又写信给提多说：“因为有许多人不服约束，说虚空话欺哄人，……所以，你要严严地责备他们，使他们在真道上纯全无疵”（多1:10-13）。{COL 248.3}[13]
§30
In his charge to Timothy, Paul, writing by the Holy Spirit, says, “Be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.”?2 Timothy 4:2. And to Titus he writes, “There are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers.... Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith.”?Titus 1:10-13.?{COL 248.3}[13]
§31
基督说：“倘若你的弟兄得罪你，你就去趁着只有他和你在一处的时候，指出他的错来。他若听你，你便得了你的弟兄；他若不听，你就另外带一两个人同去，要凭两三个人的口作见证，句句都可定准。若是不听他们，就告诉教会；若是不听教会，就看他像外邦人和税吏一样”（太18:15-17）。{COL 248.4}[14]
§32
“If thy brother shall trespass against thee,” Christ said, “go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.”?Matthew 18:15-17.?{COL 248.4}[14]
§33
我们的主教导说，基督徒之间的纠纷应当在教会内部解决。这些纠纷不可向不敬畏上帝的人披露。如果一个基督徒被他的弟兄得罪了，他不应该到法庭上去向不信的人申诉。他应当照基督的指示而行，不要只想报复，乃要设法挽救他的弟兄。上帝必要维护敬爱祂之人的利益。我们可以凭着信心把自己的案子交托那秉公执法的主。{COL 248.5}[15]
§34
Our Lord teaches that matters of difficulty between Christians are to be settled within the church. They should?not be opened before those who do not fear God. If a Christian is wronged by his brother, let him not appeal to unbelievers in a court of justice. Let him follow out the instruction Christ has given. Instead of trying to avenge himself, let him seek to save his brother. God will guard the interests of those who love and fear Him, and with confidence we may commit our case to Him who judges righteously.?{COL 248.5}[15]
§35
犯错的人往往会一再犯错，一再承认错误；受害的人会感到厌烦，认为饶恕的次数已经够多了。但是救主明确地告诉我们应该怎样对待犯错误的人：“若是你的弟兄得罪你，就劝戒他；他若懊悔，就饶恕他”（路17:3）。不要觉得他不值得你的信任而疏远他。“又当自己小心，恐怕也被引诱”（加6:1）。{COL 249.1}[16]
§36
Too often when wrongs are committed again and again, and the wrongdoer confesses his fault, the injured one becomes weary, and thinks he has forgiven quite enough. But the Saviour has plainly told us how to deal with the erring: “If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him; and if he repent, forgive him.”?Luke 17:3. Do not hold him off as unworthy of your confidence. Consider “thyself, lest thou also be tempted.”?Galatians 6:1.?{COL 249.1}[16]
§37
如果你的弟兄犯了错误，你应当饶恕他们。当他们来向你认错的时候，你不可说：我认为他们还不够谦虚；我认为他们言不由衷。你有什么权利论断他们呢？难道你能测透人心吗？圣经说：“他若懊悔，就饶恕他。倘若他一天七次得罪你，又七次回转，说：‘我懊悔了’，你总要饶恕他”（路17:3,4）。而且不止七次，乃是七十个七次，正如上帝常常饶恕你一样。{COL 249.2}[17]
§38
If your brethren err, you are to forgive them. When they come to you with confession, you should not say, I?do not think they are humble enough. I do not think they feel their confession. What right have you to judge them, as if you could read the heart? The word of God says, “If he repent, forgive him. And if he trespasses against thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn again to thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt forgive him.”?Luke 17:3, 4. And not only seven times, but seventy times seven—just as often as God forgives you.?{COL 249.2}[17]
§39
我们的一切都来自上帝白白赐予的恩典。新约的恩典使我们成为上帝的儿女。救主的恩典成就了我们的救赎、重生和高升，与基督同做后嗣。我们应当向别人显示这恩典。{COL 250.1}[18]
§40
We ourselves owe everything to God’s free grace. Grace in the covenant ordained our adoption. Grace in the Saviour effected our redemption, our regeneration, and our exaltation to heirship with Christ. Let this grace be revealed to others.?{COL 250.1}[18]
§41
不要让犯错误的人灰心。不要让法利赛式的冷酷进入你的心，去伤害你的弟兄。不要在你的心中产生苦毒的嘲讽。不要在言语上流露出丝毫的傲慢。你若说一句出于自己的话，抱着冷淡的态度，或表示出怀疑和不信，都可能造成一个人的灭亡。他正需要一位弟兄，怀着“长兄”般的同情来感化他的血肉之心。要使他感觉到有同情的手紧紧地握住他，听到你低声说：我们祈祷吧！上帝必使你们两人都得到丰富的经验。祈祷会把我们彼此之间联系起来，把我们与上帝联系起来。祈祷会把耶稣带到我们身边，使困惑软弱的人重新得到力量，去战胜世界、肉体和魔鬼。祈祷能够击退撒但的进攻。{COL 250.2}[19]
§42
Give the erring one no occasion for discouragement. Suffer not a Pharisaical hardness to come in and hurt your brother. Let no bitter sneer rise in mind or heart. Let no tinge of scorn be manifest in the voice. If you speak a word of your own, if you take an attitude of indifference, or show suspicion or distrust, it may prove the ruin of a soul. He needs a brother with the Elder Brother’s heart of sympathy to touch his heart of humanity. Let him feel the strong clasp of a sympathizing hand, and hear the whisper, Let us pray. God will give a rich experience to you both. Prayer unites us with one another and with God. Prayer brings Jesus to our side, and gives to the fainting, perplexed soul new strength to overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. Prayer turns aside the attacks of Satan.?{COL 250.2}[19]
§43
当一个人转眼不看人的缺点而仰望耶稣时，他的品格就会发生神奇的变化。基督的灵在他心中运行，按照祂的形像改变他的心。所以你要努力高举耶稣，要向人心灵的眼睛指出“上帝的羔羊，除去世人罪孽的”（约1:29）。当你从事这项工作时，应当记住：“叫一个罪人从迷路上转回便是救一个灵魂不死，并且遮盖许多的罪”（雅5:20）。{COL 250.3}[20]
§44
When one turns away from human imperfections to behold Jesus, a divine transformation takes place in the character. The Spirit of Christ working upon the heart conforms it to His image. Then let it be your effort to lift up Jesus. Let the mind’s eye be directed to “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.”?John 1:29. And as you engage in this work, remember that “he?which converteth the sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins.”?James 5:20.?{COL 250.3}[20]
§45
“你们不饶恕人的过犯，你们的天父也必不饶恕你们的过犯”（太6:15）。没有什么理由可以用来为不饶恕人的精神辩护。不怜恤别人的人，表明自己与上帝的赦罪之恩无分。犯错误的人既得到上帝的赦免，就会与无限慈爱的主亲近。上帝慈悲的恩潮要流入罪人的心，再从他身上流到别人心中。基督在自己奇妙的生活中所显示的柔和与怜悯，必要在领受祂恩典的人身上再现。但“人若没有基督的灵，就不是属基督的”（罗8:9）。他既与上帝疏远，就只能永远与祂隔绝了。{COL 251.1}[21]
§46
“But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.”?Matthew 6:15. Nothing can justify an unforgiving spirit. He who is unmerciful toward others shows that he himself is not a partaker of God’s pardoning grace. In God’s forgiveness the heart of the erring one is drawn close to the great heart of Infinite Love. The tide of divine compassion flows into the sinner’s soul, and from him to the souls of others. The tenderness and mercy that Christ has revealed in His own precious life will be seen in those who become sharers of His grace. But “if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of His.”?Romans 8:9. He is alienated from God, fitted only for eternal separation from Him.?{COL 251.1}[21]
§47
他也许曾得蒙饶恕，但他不怜恤人的精神表明他正在拒绝上帝的赦罪之爱，与上帝分离，回到蒙饶恕以前的状态。他否定了自己的悔改，所以他要承担自己的罪，犹如未曾悔改一般。{COL 251.2}[22]
§48
It is true that he may once have received forgiveness; but his unmerciful spirit shows that he now rejects God’s pardoning love. He has separated himself from God, and is in the same condition as before he was forgiven. He has denied his repentance, and his sins are upon him as if he had not repented.?{COL 251.2}[22]
§49
这比喻的主要教训，就是在上帝的慈爱和人的冷酷之间进行了对照。上帝的赦罪之恩应当作为我们的准则。“你不应当怜恤你的同伴，像我怜恤你吗？”{COL 251.3}[23]
§50
But the great lesson of the parable lies in the contrast between God’s compassion and man’s hardheartedness; in the fact that God’s forgiving mercy is to be the measure of our own. “Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee?”?{COL 251.3}[23]
§51
我们得蒙饶恕，不是因为我们饶恕别人，而是像我们饶恕别人那样。一切的赦免，虽然都是出于我们所不配得到的上帝之爱，但我们对待别人的态度，却表明我们是否已经拥有这爱。所以基督说：“你们怎样论断人，也必怎样被论断；你们用什么量器量给人，也必用什么量器量给你们”（太7:2）。{COL 251.4}[24]
§52
We are not forgiven?because?we forgive, but?as?we forgive. The ground of all forgiveness is found in the unmerited love of God, but by our attitude toward others we show whether we have made that love our own. Wherefore Christ says, “With what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.”?Matthew 7:2.?{COL 251.4}[24]