第61章 厨房中的主妇
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第61章 厨房中的主妇
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chap. 61 - The Homemaker in the Kitchen @[NOTE: COUNSELS ON DIET AND FOODS PRESENTS DETAILED COUNSELS ON THE WHOLE FOOD QUESTION.]
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（注：怀爱伦《论饮食》一书详细探讨了健康饮食问题）
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主妇是高尚的职业－－没有什么工作比家务更重要的了。熟练的烹调，将合乎卫生的美味食物摆在桌子上，需要知识和经验。一个预备食物给人食用，以致进入人的肠胃，转变为血液而滋养身体的人，乃是处在最重要最高尚的地位上。（一）{CG 371.1}[1]
§5
The High Calling of the Homemaker.--There can be no employment more important than that of housework. To cook well, to present healthful food upon the table in an inviting manner, requires intelligence and experience. The one who prepares the food that is to be placed in our stomachs, to be converted into blood to nourish the system, occupies a most important and elevated position. {CG 371.1}[1]
§6
每一个青年人都必须充分熟悉日常的职责。一个青年女子在必要时，宁可不学外语或代数，甚至钢琴；但她必须学习如何烹饪美食，缝制合身的衣服，有效地履行家政的许多责任。{CG 371.2}[2]
§7
It is essential for every youth to have a thorough acquaintance with everyday duties. If need be, a young woman can dispense with a knowledge of French and algebra, or even of the piano; but it is indispensable that she learn to make good bread, to fashion neatly fitting garments, and to perform efficiently the many duties that pertain to homemaking. {CG 371.2}[2]
§8
就整个家庭的健康与幸福而言，最要紧的莫过于烹调之人的技术与才智。她所烹饪的食物若不适当或不合卫生，就会妨碍甚至破坏成人的效能和儿童的发育。但她所预备的饮食若既适合身体的需要，又色味俱佳，她就能成就莫大的善工，其程度与她行之不当所造成的害处相当。所以在许多方面，人生的幸福是与忠心履行日常职责联系在一起的。（二）{CG 371.3}[3]
§9
To the health and happiness of the whole family nothing is more vital than skill and intelligence on the part of the cook. By ill-prepared, unwholesome food she may hinder and even ruin both the adults usefulness and the childs development. Or by providing food adapted to the needs of the body, and at the same time inviting and palatable, she can accomplish as much in the right as otherwise she accomplished in the wrong direction. So, in many ways, lifes happiness is bound up with faithfulness in common duties. {CG 371.3}[3]
§10
烹饪学是基本的艺术－－烹饪的技术决非无足轻重的。……应当将它看作是一切技术中最重要的，因为它与生命的关系十分密切，应予以更多的重视。为了制造优质的血液，人体需要优良的食品。传授烹饪好技术的医疗布道工作乃是维持人体健康的基础。{CG 372.1}[4]
§11
The Science of Cooking Is an Essential Art.--The science of cooking is not a small matter. . . . This art should be regarded as the most valuable of all the arts, because it is so closely connected with life. It should receive more attention; for in order to make good blood, the system requires good food. The foundation of that which keeps people in health is the medical missionary work of good cooking. {CG 372.1}[4]
§12
健康改革的工作往往因食品不可口而造成身体衰弱。只有弥补烹饪健康食品知识方面的缺乏，才能使健康改革的工作取得成功。{CG 372.2}[5]
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Often health reform is made health deform by the unpalatable preparation of food. The lack of knowledge regarding healthful cookery must be remedied before health reform is a success. {CG 372.2}[5]
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优秀的厨师廖若晨星。许多母亲需要上烹饪课，以便能把精心调制美味可口的食物摆在家庭餐桌上。（三）{CG 372.3}[6]
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Good cooks are few. Many, many mothers need to take lessons in cooking, that they may set before the family well-prepared, neatly served food. {CG 372.3}[6]
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设法成为烹饪高手－－我们的姐妹们往往不知道怎样烹饪。我要向这等人说：我真愿去国内最好的厨师那里请教，如果需要的话，我也愿意留在那里几周，直到我成为巧妇，成为一个聪明而有技巧的厨师。我现在若是四十岁，我还要去学习这一门本事。去学习怎样烹饪乃是你们的本分；教导你们的女儿学习烹饪也是你们的本分。（四）{CG 372.4}[7]
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Seek to Become Mistress of the Art.--Our sisters often do not know how to cook. To such I would say, I would go to the very best cook that could be found in the country, and remain there if necessary for weeks, until I had become mistress of the art--an intelligent, skillful cook. I would pursue this course if I were forty years old. It is your duty to know how to cook, and it is your duty to teach your daughters to cook. {CG 372.4}[7]
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学习和实践－－可以把食物做得简单而有益健康，但是需要技巧使它又可口又有营养。为了学会如何烹饪，妇女应当学习，然后耐心地简化她们所学以致用的。人们在受苦是因为他们怕麻烦不愿意这么做。我对这种人说，时候到了，你们要唤醒自己沉睡的活力，使自己精通烹饪。不要以为用来获得预备健康美味食物的全面知识和经验的时间是浪费。无论你在烹饪方面已经有了多么久的经验，你若仍有家庭责任，你的本分就是学会如何正确地照顾他们。（五）{CG 372.5}[8]
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Study and Practice.--Food can be prepared simply and healthfully, but it requires skill to make it both palatable and nourishing. In order to learn how to cook, women should study and then patiently reduce what they learn to practice. People are suffering because they will not take the trouble to do this. I say to such, It is time for you to rouse your dormant energies and inform yourselves. Do not think the time wasted which is devoted to obtaining a thorough knowledge and experience in the preparation of healthful, palatable food. No matter how long an experience you have had in cooking, if you still have the responsibilities of a family, it is your duty to learn how to care for them properly. {CG 372.5}[8]
§20
需要清淡而多样化－－饭食要多样化。不要天天吃一样的东西，一样的烧法。饭菜经常更换，吃得会更有滋味，并更好地使身体得到滋养。（六）{CG 373.1}[9]
§21
Both Variety and Simplicity Are Essential.--The meals should be varied. The same dishes, prepared in the same way, should not appear on the table meal after meal and day after day. The meals are eaten with greater relish, and the system is better nourished, when the food is varied. {CG 373.1}[9]
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我们的身体是由所吃的东西构成的；为了产生优质的组织，我们必须吃正确种类的食物，也必须有烹饪的技巧，使之能适合身体系统的需要。负责烹饪的人，要学习如何用各种不同的方法来烹制有益健康的食物，使之又可口又有益健康。（七）{CG 373.2}[10]
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Our bodies are constructed from what we eat; and in order to make tissues of good quality, we must have the right kind of food, and it must be prepared with such skill as will best adapt it to the wants of the system. It is a religious duty for those who cook to learn how to prepare healthful food in a variety of ways, so that it may be both palatable and healthful. {CG 373.2}[10]
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甚至在餐桌的饮食上，时尚和炫耀也在发挥其有害的影响。有益健康的食物烹饪，已成为次要。丰肴盛馔浪费了人的光阴、金钱和劳力，却毫无益处。也许是时尚所趋,一餐要有半打以上的菜肴，但这种风俗会危及健康。凡是明智的男女，都当言传身教谴责这种时尚。……餐桌上的食物如果预备得简单一些，家人的健康可能会好得多！（八）{CG 373.3}[11]
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Even in the table arrangements, fashion and show exert their baleful influence. The healthful preparation of food becomes a secondary matter. The serving of a great variety of dishes absorbs time, money, and taxing labor, without accomplishing any good. It may be fashionable to have half a dozen courses at a meal, but the custom is ruinous to health. It is a fashion that sensible men and women should condemn, by both precept and example. . . . How much better it would be for the health of the household if the table preparations were more simple. {CG 373.3}[11]
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拙劣烹饪的后果－－拙劣的烹饪正在消磨成千上万人的生命活力。许多人因此沦丧，过于许多人所认识到的。它使身体系统错乱而且产生疾病。既然导致了这种状况，就无法欣然辨识属天的事了。（九）{CG 373.4}[12]
§27
Results of Poor Cooking.--Poor cookery is wearing away the life energies of thousands. More souls are lost from this cause than many realize. In deranges the system and produces disease. In the condition thus induced, heavenly things cannot be readily discerned. {CG 373.4}[12]
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烹制不良的食物会削弱造血器官，从而减少供血，扰乱人体系统，导致疾病，并伴随着神经过敏，急躁易怒。成千上万的人受烹饪不良的食物所害。许多人的墓碑上可以写着：“因烹饪不良而死”；“因肠胃受虐待而死。”（十）{CG 374.1}[13]
§29
Scanty, ill-cooked food depraves the blood by weakening the bloodmaking organs. It deranges the system and brings on disease, with its accompaniment of irritable nerves and bad tempers. The victims of poor cookery are numbered by thousands and tens of thousands. Over many graves might be written: Died because of poor cooking, Died of an abused stomach. {CG 374.1}[13]
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教导儿女如何烹饪－－不可忽略教导你们的儿女如何作饭。你们如此行，便是将他们在宗教教育上应该具有的原则传授给他们。你们在给儿女们讲解生理学和教他们如何简单而又灵巧地烹饪时，正是为最实用的教育科目奠定基础。要想作出松脆可口的面包，那是需要技巧的。良好的烹饪中含有宗教的原理，对于那等太无知，太粗心，以致不学习烹饪的人，我很怀疑他们的宗教信仰。（十一） {CG 374.2}[14]
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Teach Your Children How to Cook.--Do not neglect to teach your children how to cook. In so doing, you impart to them principles which they must have in their religious education. In giving your children lessons in physiology, and teaching them how to cook with simplicity and yet with skill, you are laying the foundation for the most useful branches of education. Skill is required to make good light bread. There is religion in good cooking, and I question the religion of that class who are too ignorant and too careless to learn to cook. {CG 374.2}[14]
§32
耐心愉快地教导他们－－母亲们应当带女儿们进入厨房，趁她们年幼之时，就教以烹饪的技能。母亲不能希望女儿们未受教导，而能明白治家的窍道。她应当用和颜悦色的态度，说鼓励赞许的话，来忍耐而和蔼地教授此项工作，并尽力使之顺利合意。（十二）{CG 374.3}[15]
§33
Instruct Them Patiently and Cheerfully.--Mothers should take their daughters into the kitchen with them when very young, and teach them the art of cooking. The mother cannot expect her daughters to understand the mysteries of housekeeping without education. She should instruct them patiently, lovingly, and make the work as agreeable as she can by her cheerful countenance and encouraging words of approval. {CG 374.3}[15]
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她们若是失败一次、两次、三次，也不可予以责难。灰心之念正在进行其工作，并引诱她们说这样的话：“这是无用的，我是做不来的。”这不是责难的时候。意志之力正在逐渐减弱。此时需要用鼓励、乐观和希望的话来鞭策，例如：“你做错了，没关系。你不过是初学，免不了会做错的。再试试看。要留心自己所作的，要很小心，你一定会成功的。（十三）{CG 374.4}[16]
§35
If they fail once, twice, or thrice, censure not. Already discouragement is doing its work and tempting them to say, It is of no use; I cant do it. This is not the time for censure. The will is becoming weakened. It needs the spur of encouraging, cheerful, hopeful words, as, Never mind the mistakes you have made. You are but a learner, and must expect to make blunders. Try again. Put your mind on what you are doing. Be very careful, and you will certainly succeed. {CG 374.4}[16]
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为何兴趣和热忱冷淡了－－许多母亲没有认识到这门学问的重要性，她们情愿自己包办了一切，而不肯麻烦费心去教导儿女，和忍受她们在学习时所犯的错误与失败。当女儿们在尽力工作时有了失败，她却用这种话把她们支使开：“真是没用，你这也不会那也不会，给我越帮越忙，添乱子了。” {CG 375.1}[17]
§37
How Interest and Ardor May Be Cooled.--Many mothers do not realize the importance of this branch of knowledge, and rather than have the trouble and care of instructing their children and bearing with their failings and errors while learning, they prefer to do all themselves. And when their daughters make a failure in their efforts, they send them away with, It is no use; you cant do this or that. You perplex and trouble me more than you help me. {CG 375.1}[17]
§38
这样，学习者的初步努力受了拒绝，而初次的失败冰凉了她们的兴趣与热心，以致害怕再试，并且提议情愿作缝纫、针线，清洁屋子或其它的工，而不要下厨房。在此方面母亲是犯了大错啦，她应当耐心地教导她们，使她们借着实习而得经验，来消除笨拙，并补救那毫无经验之工人所有的笨手笨脚的麻烦。（十四）{CG 375.2}[18]
§39
Thus the first efforts of the learners are repulsed, and the first failure so cools their interest and ardor to learn, that they dread another trial, and will propose to sew, knit, clean house, anything but cook. Here the mother was greatly at fault. She should have patiently instructed them, that they might, by practice, obtain an experience which would remove the awkwardness and remedy the unskillful movements of the inexperienced worker. {CG 375.2}[18]
§40
女青年应当为实际生活作最需要的准备－－青年女子应当在烹饪这方面受彻底的教导。无论生活环境怎样，这种学问都是可派上实际用场的。这是对人类生活最有直接影响的一门教育，尤其是对于自己最亲爱之人的生活有关。（十五）{CG 375.3}[19]
§41
The Most Necessary Preparation Young Women Can Make for Practical Life.--Young ladies should be thoroughly instructed in cooking. Whatever may be their circumstances in life, here is knowledge which may be put to a practical use. It is a branch of education which has the most direct influence upon human life, especially the lives of those held most dear. {CG 375.3}[19]
§42
我看重我的女裁缝，我看重我的秘书，可是我的厨师善知如何预备食物，维持生命，营养脑筋、骨骼和肌肉，在我家庭的各助手中，他真是居于最重要地位呢。（十六）{CG 375.4}[20]
§43
I prize my seamstress; I value my copyist; but my cook, who knows well how to prepare the food to sustain life and nourish brain, bone, and muscle, fills the most important place among the helpers in my family. {CG 375.4}[20]
§44
青年女子一般都以为烹饪和其他家务是下贱的工作。因此许多女子出嫁以后，虽然负起了治家之责，却不知道做好妻子和母亲的责任。（十七）{CG 376.1}[21]
§45
Young women think that it is menial to cook and do other kinds of housework; and, for this reason, many girls who marry and have the care of families have little idea of the duties devolving upon a wife and mother. {CG 376.1}[21]
§46
防御愚昧和邪恶的栅栏就这样修筑起来了－－你们教导她们烹饪之时，正是在她们的四围筑下一道篱笆，保守其脱离那试探她们的各种愚昧邪恶的事。（十八）{CG 376.2}[22]
§47
Thus Build a Barrier Against Folly and Vice.-- When you are teaching them [your daughters] the art of cookery, you are building around them a barrier that will preserve them from the folly and vice which they may otherwise be tempted to engage in. {CG 376.2}[22]
§48
男人和女人都要学习烹饪－－男人和女人都需要明白简单卫生的烹饪方法。他们往往因业务而到不能获得适宜饮食的地方。这时他们若懂烹饪，就必发挥好作用。（十九）{CG 376.3}[23]
§49
Men As Well As Women Should Learn to Cook.-- Men, as well as women, need to understand the simple, healthful preparation of food. Their business often calls them where they cannot obtain wholesome food; then, if they have a knowledge of cookery, they can use it to good purpose. {CG 376.3}[23]
§50
我们应当教导青年男女如何经济地烹调食物，不用任何肉食。（二十）{CG 376.4}[24]
§51
Both young men and young women should be taught how to cook economically and to dispense with everything in the line of flesh food. {CG 376.4}[24]
§52
研究节约，避免浪费－－在各种烹饪中应当考虑的问题是：“如何以最自然最节约的方法来烹调食物?”要小心研究，怎样不浪费桌上剩余的食物。要研究如何利用这些剩饭剩菜。这种技术、节约和机智乃是一种财富。在暖和的季节，烹调的食物要少一点。要多用干粮。许多贫苦的家庭，虽然几乎食不果腹，也往往可以告诉他们为什么会贫穷。有许多零碎的食物被浪费了。（二一）{CG 376.5}[25]
§53
Study Economy; Avoid Waste.--In every line of cooking the question that should be considered is, How shall the food be prepared in the most natural and inexpensive manner? And there should be careful study that the fragments of food left over from the table be not wasted. Study how, that in some way these fragments of food shall not be lost. This skill, economy, and tact is a fortune. In the warmer parts of the season, prepare less food. Use more dry substance. There are many poor families, who, although they have scarcely enough to eat, can often be enlightened as to why they are poor; there are so many jots and tittles wasted. {CG 376.5}[25]
§54
应当思考的严肃问题－－“你们或吃或喝，无论作什么，都要为荣耀上帝而行”（林前10:31）。在你们为家人预备饮食，及叫他们上桌享用之时，你们曾否这样做呢？你们是否照你们所知道的，单把那对于血液最有益的食物摆在你们儿女的面前呢？那些食物是否保养他们的身体，而尽量减少兴奋的状态呢？那要他们吃的食物，是否对身体和健康有最好的帮助呢？你们所准备要摆在儿女面前的食物，是否符合这些标准呢？抑或不管他们将来的益处，而把不健康、含有兴奋与刺激性的食物，给他们吃呢？（二二）{CG 376.6}[26]
§55
Serious Questions for Reflection.--Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God. Do you do this when you prepare food for your tables and call your family to partake of it? Are you placing before your children only the food that you know will make the very best blood? Is it that food that will preserve their systems in the least feverish condition? Is it that which will place them in the very best relation to life and health? Is this the food that you are studying to place before your children? Or do you, regardless of their future good, provide for them unhealthful, stimulating, irritating food? {CG 376.6}[26]