第56章 学校和学院的教育
§1
第56章 学校和学院的教育
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chap. 56 - Academy and College Training
§3
许多人在世俗的学校里迷路－－有一种可怕的现象令父母们寒心。在许多学校和学院里，青年人被送来原是要接受文化教育的，却因其中所弥漫的影响而品格扭曲，偏离了人生的真正目标，败坏了德行。许多青年人因与不敬虔、爱宴乐和败坏的人交往而丧失了他们的朴素，纯洁，对上帝的信心，以及他们的基督徒父母藉着小心教导和恳切祈祷所培养和维护的自我牺牲的精神。{CG 328.1}[1]
§4
Many Losing the Way in Worldly Institutions.-- It is a terrible fact, and one that should make the hearts of parents tremble, that in so many schools and colleges to which the youth are sent for mental culture and discipline, influences prevail which misshape the character, divert the mind from lifes true aims, and debase the morals. Through contact with the irreligious, the pleasure loving, and the corrupt, many, many youth lose the simplicity and purity, the faith in God, and the spirit of self-sacrifice that Christian fathers and mothers have cherished and guarded by careful instruction and earnest prayer. {CG 328.1}[1]
§5
许多入学时立志预备好从事某项无私服务的人，竟埋头于世俗的学科，一心想在学业上出人头地，获得世界的荣誉和地位。他们忘记了入学时的初衷，竟以追求世俗和私利为目标，往往养成了毁灭今世和来生的习惯。（一）{CG 328.2}[2]
§6
Many who enter school with the purpose of fitting themselves for some line of unselfish ministry become absorbed in secular studies. An ambition is aroused to win distinction in scholarship and to gain position and honor in the world. The purpose for which they entered school is lost sight of, and the life is given up to selfish and worldly pursuits. And often habits are formed that ruin the life both for this world and for the world to come. {CG 328.2}[2]
§7
家庭的宗教影响抵消了－－你们既祷告说：“不叫我们遇见试探”（太6:13），就不要将你们的孩子置于不必要的试探之下。不要把他们送到影响不良的学校去，让稗子撒在他们的心田。{CG 328.3}[3]
§8
Religious Home Influences Are Effaced.--You pray, Lead us not into temptation. Then do not consent for your children to be placed where they will meet unnecessary temptation. Do not send them away to schools where they will be associated with influences that will be as tares sown in the field of their heart. {CG 328.3}[3]
§9
要在家庭学校中趁着你们的儿女年幼，教育和训练他们敬畏上帝。然后要小心，别送他们到那些会抵消他们的宗教观念，使他们心中丧失上帝之爱的地方去。不要被高工资和表面上的教育优势所引诱，让儿女摆脱你们的影响，到会遭遇大试探的地方。“人就是赚得全世界，赔上自己的生命，有什么益处呢？人还能拿什么换生命呢”（可8:36，37）？（二）{CG 328.4}[4]
§10
In the home school, during their early years, train and discipline your children in the fear of God. And then be careful lest you place them where the religious impressions they have received will be effaced, and the love of God taken out of their hearts. Let no inducement of high wages or of apparently great educational advantages lead you to send your children away from your influence, to places where they will be exposed to great temptations. What shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul? Mark 8:36, 37. {CG 328.4}[4]
§11
我们的学院是上帝命定的－－当我蒙上帝的使者指示，看到应该建立一所教育我们的青年的机构时，我看到这所机构应该成为上帝命定用来救灵的一个最大的手段。……我们的学院若是发挥出应有的影响，在那里受教育的青少年就会得到能力，认出上帝并在祂一切的作为中荣耀祂；且在培养上帝赐给他们的才能时，预备更有效地为祂服务。（三）{CG 329.1}[5]
§12
Our Colleges Are Ordained of God.--When I was shown by the angel of God that an institution should be established for the education of our youth, I saw that it would be one of the greatest means ordained of God for the salvation of souls. . . . If the influence in our college is what it should be, the youth who are educated there will be enabled to discern God and glorify Him in all His works; and while engaged in cultivating the faculties which God has given them, they will be preparing to render Him more efficient service. {CG 329.1}[5]
§13
要鼓励青年到我们的学校上学，我们的学校应当越来越象先知学校。我们的学校是主所建立的。（四）{CG 329.2}[6]
§14
The youth are to be encouraged to attend our schools, which should become more and more like the schools of the prophets. Our schools have been established by the Lord. {CG 329.2}[6]
§15
寄宿学校的好处－－要在我们的学校受教育的学生，有很大一部分若是与他们领受错误教育的家庭圈子分开，就会远为进步。有些家庭或许有必要住在能给孩子提供食宿的地方而且节省开支，但在许多情况下，这对他们的儿女会成为一个妨碍而不是福气。（五）{CG 329.3}[7]
§16
Advantages of Experience in School Home.--To a great extent children who are to receive an education in our schools will make far more permanent advancement if separated from the family circle where they have received an erroneous education. It may be necessary for some families to locate where they can board their children and save expense, but in many cases it would prove a hindrance rather than a blessing to their children. {CG 329.3}[7]
§17
任性的女儿住校为宜－－仇敌已在你女儿的身上下了功夫，好像钢条把她牢牢绑住，以致需要坚强不倦的努力，方可救回她的灵命。你若已在这方面成功，就切不可半途而废。多年养成的习惯不是容易打破的。应当把她安置在一个经常发挥坚强、稳定、有恒久感化力之处。我想建议你把她送进某地方的大学；让她接受宿舍的管教。多年之前，她就本该到那里去了。{CG 330.1}[8]
§18
School Home for Wayward Daughter.--The enemy has had his way with your daughter until his toils have bound her about like bands of steel, and it will require a strong, persevering effort to save her soul. If you have success in this case, there must be no halfway work. The habits of years cannot easily be broken. She should be placed where a steady, firm, abiding influence is constantly exercised. I would advise you to put her in the college at -----; let her have the discipline of the boardinghouse. It is where she ought to have been years ago. {CG 330.1}[8]
§19
办理宿舍的原意，就是把它办得象一个良好的家庭。这个家庭也许不合一些人的倾向，因为他们已受了虚伪理论的教育，放纵自我而且自满，所有的习惯也都纳入错轨。可是，我亲爱的姐妹啊，我们正在接近时间结束之日，我们现今所要的，不是要迎合世界的品味和习惯，而是要迎合上帝的心意；要查明经上怎么说，而后行在上帝所赐给我们的亮光之中。我们的倾向，我们的风俗与习惯，都没有优先居上之权。上帝的道才是我们的标准。（六）{CG 330.2}[9]
§20
The boardinghouse is conducted upon a plan that makes it a good home. This home may not suit the inclinations of some, but it is because they have been educated to false theories, to self-indulgence and self-gratification; and all their habits and customs have been in a wrong channel. But, my dear sister, we are nearing the end of time; and we want now, not to meet the worlds tastes and practices, but to meet the mind of God, to see what saith the Scriptures, and then to walk according to the light which God has given us. Our inclinations, our customs and practices, are not to have the preference. Gods Word is our standard. {CG 330.2}[9]
§21
住校的学生－－有些教师似乎认为，那些有父母住在学校附近的儿童和青少年，若不与教师一同住校，就不该享受上学的权利。我觉得这是一种新奇的想法。{CG 330.3}[10]
§22
Resident Students.--It seems that some teachers think that none of the children and young people whose parents live in the vicinity of a school should have school privileges unless they live with their teachers in the school home. This is to me a new and strange idea. {CG 330.3}[10]
§23
有些青年的家庭风气不好，若能一段时间住在规矩良好的学校里，对他们是很有好处的。对于那些必须离家享受上学特权的人，学舍是一大福气。可是有些家庭里的父母是敬畏和顺从上帝的。这样的家庭，应该永远是青少年最好的地方。他们在父母的正确训练下，可享受由父母来实施的宗教家庭的照顾和管教。……{CG 330.4}[11]
§24
There are young people whose home influences have been such that it would be greatly to their advantage to live for a time in a well-regulated school home. And for those who live where they must of necessity leave their own homes in order to enjoy school privileges, the school homes are a great blessing. But the parental home where God is feared and obeyed is, and ever should be, the best place for young children, where under the proper training of their parents they may enjoy the care and discipline of a religious family, administered by their own parents. . . . {CG 330.4}[11]
§25
关于适龄青年住校的问题，我们无需作出不必要的硬性规定，一定要他们离开住在学校附近的父母。……{CG 331.1}[12]
§26
Regarding the youth that are of suitable age to attend a boarding school, let us avoid making unnecessary and arbitrary rules that would separate from their parents those who live in the vicinity of our schools. . . . {CG 331.1}[12]
§27
父母若没有认识到让孩子接受住校管理是最有好处的，就当允许他们的孩子留在家，尽量接受父母的管理。在有些地方，父母虽然住在学校附近，但他们看出让孩子住校是有好处的，因为在学校里孩子可以接受一些在自己家里所得不到的教育。但是我们不要勉强孩子在任何情况下都须离开自己的父母，以享受我们学校的利益。……{CG 331.2}[13]
§28
Unless the parents are convinced that it would be for the best interests of their children to place them under the school home discipline, they should be permitted to keep them under their own control as far as possible. In some places parents living near the school may see that their children would be benefited by living at the school home, where they can receive certain lines of instruction that they could not receive so well in their own homes. But let it not be urged that children must in all cases be separated from their parents in order to get the advantages of any one of our schools. . . . {CG 331.2}[13]
§29
父母自然是儿女的监护人。他们负有严肃的责任，监督儿女的教育和训练。{CG 331.3}[14]
§30
Parents are the natural guardians of their children, and they have a solemn responsibility to oversee their education and training. {CG 331.3}[14]
§31
难道我们不明白，照管儿童成长多年的父母，会最了解儿女应接受什么样的训练和管理，才能发展和培养最佳的品质吗？我建议住在离学校二三英里以内的儿童上学可以住在家里，享受父母影响的好处。我们应当尽可能保持家人的团聚。（七）{CG 331.4}[15]
§32
Can we not understand that the parents, who have watched for years the development of their children, should know best the kind of training and management they should have in order to bring out and cultivate the best traits of character in them? I should advise that children from homes within two or three miles of a school should be allowed to attend the school while living at home and having the benefits of parental influence. Wherever possible, let the family be held together. {CG 331.4}[15]
§33
每一个孩子都有受教育的权利－－教会睡着了，不明白儿童和青少年教育的重要性。有人说：“何必那么讲究充分教育我们的青年人呢？我认为只要选几个有志文学或其他需要特殊训练的青年，予以应有的关注就行了，用不着我们所有的青年都接受充分的训练。这难道不能应付每一项基本的需要吗?”我回答说：“千万不可！”……我们所有的青少年都可以享受我们学校教育的福气和特权，以便受到感动成为上帝的同工。他们需要接受教育，成为有用的人，在私人或公共生活中胜任重要的岗位。（八）{CG 332.1}[16]
§34
All Children to Have Educational Privileges.-- The church is asleep and does not realize the magnitude of this matter of educating the children and youth. Why, says one, what is the need of being so particular to educate our youth thoroughly? It seems to me that if you take a few who have decided to follow a literary calling or some other calling that requires a certain discipline, and give due attention to them, that is all that is necessary. It is not required that the whole mass of our youth be so well trained. Will not this answer every essential requirement? I answer, No, most decidedly not. . . . All our youth should be permitted to have the blessings and privileges of an education at our schools, that they may be inspired to become laborers together with God. They all need an education, that they may be fitted for usefulness, qualified for places of responsibility in both private and public life. {CG 332.1}[16]
§35
均衡的课程－－心智的才能需要培养，以便用来增进上帝的荣耀。要认真关注智力的培养，藉着运用使心智的多个器官获得同等的力量，各尽其职。倘若父母们允许他们的子女随从个人心思的倾向，爱好与乐趣，忽视责任，那么他们的品格便要照此模式塑造，他们将无法胜任生活中任何需要承担责任的职位。年轻人的欲望和倾向应当受到抑制，他们品格上的弱点需要加强，他们过于旺盛的倾向需要受到抑制。{CG 332.2}[17]
§36
A Balanced School Program.--The faculties of the mind need cultivation, that they may be exercised to the glory of God. Careful attention should be given to the culture of the intellect, that the various organs of the mind may have equal strength, by being brought into exercise, each in its distinctive office. If parents allow their children to follow the bent of their own minds, their own inclination and pleasure, to the neglect of duty, their characters will be formed after this pattern, and they will not be competent for any responsible position in life. The desires and inclinations of the young should be restrained, their weak points of character strengthened, and their overstrong tendencies repressed. {CG 332.2}[17]
§37
倘若有一个官能处于休眠状态，或者出离了其正轨，那么上帝的旨意便不能实施了。所有的官能都当予以良好的发展。要关注每一个官能，因为每一个官能都与其它官能有关系，所有的官能都须运用，以便达到心智的平衡。倘若儿女喜爱在某一方面花心思而忽视在其它方面运用心智的能力，所以只是不断培养和使用一个或两个器官，他们便会带着不平衡的心思和不和谐的品格步入成熟。他们在某一方面可以适应，而且非常坚强，但是在另一些同等重要的方面却极为不足。他们不会成为能干的男女。他们的缺陷必显出来，损害整个品格。（九）{CG 332.3}[18]
§38
If one faculty is suffered to remain dormant, or is turned out of its proper course, the purpose of God is not carried out. All the faculties should be well developed. Care should be given to each, for each has a bearing upon the others, and all must be exercised in order that the mind may be properly balanced. If one or two organs are cultivated and kept in continual use because it is the choice of your children to put the strength of the mind in one direction to the neglect of other mental powers, they will come to maturity with unbalanced minds and inharmonious characters. They will be apt and strong in one direction, but greatly deficient in other directions just as important. They will not be competent men and women. Their deficiencies will be marked and will mar the entire character. {CG 332.3}[18]
§39
终年不停学习的害处－－许多父母把孩子终年关在学校里。这些孩子机械地完成学习作业，却不能掌握所学的东西。在这些死读书的学生中，许多人却似乎智力很差。这种单调的学习持续下去，会使学生心灵疲乏，对功课不感兴趣，并以用功读书为痛苦的事。他们并不真心喜爱思考问题，渴望掌握知识。他们不会使自己养成思考和研究的习惯。……{CG 333.1}[19]
§40
Evils of Constant, Year-round Study.--Many parents keep their children at school nearly the year round. These children go through the routine of study mechanically, but do not retain that which they learn. Many of these constant students seem almost destitute of intellectual life. The monotony of continual study wearies the mind, and they take but little interest in their lessons; and to many the application to books becomes painful. They have not an inward love of thought and an ambition to acquire knowledge. They do not encourage in themselves habits of reflection and investigation. . . . {CG 333.1}[19]
§41
严谨的理论家，和善于推理的思想家现在很少。因为虚假的影响妨碍了智力的发展。父母和教师所认为不停学习就会增强智力的看法是错误的，结果往往适得其反。（十）{CG 333.2}[20]
§42
Close reasoners and logical thinkers are few, for the reason that false influences have checked the development of the intellect. The supposition of parents and teachers that continued study would strengthen the intellect has proved erroneous, for in many cases it has had the opposite effect. {CG 333.2}[20]
§43
责任往往在父母－－不要指望教师代替父母的工作。有许多的父母可怕地疏忽了责任。他们象以利那样，没有实施正确的约束，然后又把未经管教的孩子送进大学，去接受父母本当在家里给他们的训练。{CG 333.3}[21]
§44
Censure Often Justly Belongs to Parents.--The teacher should not be expected to do the parents work. There has been, with many parents, a fearful neglect of duty. Like Eli, they fail to exercise proper restraint; and then they send their undisciplined children to college, to receive the training which the parents should have given them at home. {CG 333.3}[21]
§45
教师的工作很少被人赏识。他们即使成功地劝化了这些任性的青年，也得不到多少荣誉。青年人若是选择与为非作歹的人结交，越来越败坏，人们就会指责教师、诋毁学校。在许多情况下，责任应在父母身上。他们拥有最先最好的机会管教和训练自己的儿女。那时他们有可教的精神，心思意念容易接受熏陶。但父母们的懒惰致使孩子们随意而行，终于在罪恶的道路上执迷不化。（十一）{CG 334.1}[22]
§46
The teachers have a task which few appreciate. If they succeed in reforming these wayward youth, they receive but little credit. If the youth choose the society of the evil-disposed and go on from bad to worse, then the teachers are censured and the school is denounced. In many cases the censure justly belongs to the parents. They had the first and most favorable opportunity to control and train their children, when the spirit was teachable, and the mind and heart were easily impressed. But through the slothfulness of the parents, the children are permitted to follow their own will, until they become hardened in an evil course. {CG 334.1}[22]
§47
父母应当维护教师的权威－－教师们需要应付的最大难题之一，就是父母们没有尽责，对于大学的管教训练，未予合作。若是父母们愿意站出来保证支持教师的权威，则许多的顽抗、邪恶，及放荡之事，便大可避免。父母们应当命令自己的孩子敬重及顺从合理权威。他们应当殷勤不懈地照应并教导，引领并约束自己的孩子，直到确实养成了正当的习惯。经过这样训练的青年人，就必顺服社会上的机构，循规蹈矩，负起道义的责任。（十二）{CG 334.2}[23]
§48
Parents to Sustain Teachers Authority.--One of the greatest difficulties with which teachers have had to contend is the failure on the part of parents to co-operate in administering the discipline of the college. If the parents would stand pledged to sustain the authority of the teacher, much insubordination, vice, and profligacy would be prevented. Parents should require their children to respect and obey rightful authority. They should labor with unremitting care and diligence to instruct, guide, and restrain their children, until right habits are firmly established. With such training the youth would be in subjection to the institutions of society and the general restraints of moral obligation. {CG 334.2}[23]
§49
不要让孩子们论断校规是否合理。父母如果信任教师和学校采用的教育制度，送儿女上学，就当表现出理性和道德的力量，支持教师执行校规。……{CG 334.3}[24]
§50
It is not to be left to children to judge whether the discipline of the college is reasonable or unreasonable. If the parents have confidence enough in the teachers and in the system of education adopted by the school to send their children to it, let them show good sense and moral stamina and support the teacher in enforcing discipline. . . . {CG 334.3}[24]
§51
智慧的父母会感激学校不容忍任何违法的事。在那里孩子们接受训练要顺从而不是放纵。他们还要接受良好的影响。{CG 335.1}[25]
§52
Parents who are wise will feel very grateful that there are schools where lawlessness of any kind will not be tolerated, and where children will be trained to obedience rather than indulgence, and where good influences will be brought to bear upon them. {CG 335.1}[25]
§53
有些父母故意送品德不良的孩子上学，因为他们在家里屡教不改。这些父母们是支持教师的管教呢，还是听信每一虚假的报告呢？（十三）{CG 335.2}[26]
§54
There are some parents who purpose sending their demoralized children to school because they are incorrigible at home. Will these parents support the teachers in their work of discipline, or will they stand ready to believe every false report? {CG 335.2}[26]
§55
他们必须支持学校的管教－－有些父母把孩子送到某学校，对他们说，若遇到什么不合理的要求，不管是谁提出的，都不要理睬。这是给了孩子什么样的教育呀！孩子们没有经验，怎么能判断出合理与不合理呢？{CG 335.3}[27]
§56
They Should Support School Discipline.--Some parents who have sent their children to ----- have told them that if anything unreasonable were required of them not to submit, whoever might require it. What a lesson is this to give to children! In their inexperience how can they judge between what is reasonable and unreasonable? {CG 335.3}[27]
§57
他们可能晚上想出去，没有人知道他们去哪里。如果教师或监护人要他们据实报告，他们就认为不合理或侵犯了他们的权利，他们的独立精神不应受到干预。他们觉得任何管教都是对他们自由的无理约束。对于这样的青年，有什么力量能管束他们，有什么权威能治理他们呢？{CG 335.4}[28]
§58
They may wish to be away at night, no one knows where, and if required by teachers or guardians to give an account of themselves, will call this unreasonable and an infringement on their rights. Their independence must not be interfered with. What power can rules or authority have upon these youth, while they consider any discipline an unreasonable restriction of their liberty? {CG 335.4}[28]
§59
在许多情况下，这些青年在学校里只留了很短的一段时间，没有完成教育就回家，以便随从他们任性不羁的意愿，行学校里所不能行的事。他们不智的父母所给纵容的教训，产生了波及今生永世的后果。他们的灭亡是要算在他们父母身上的。（十四）{CG 335.5}[29]
§60
In many cases these youth have remained in school but a short period, returning home with an unfinished education, that they may have liberty to follow the bent of their untrained, undisciplined wills which they could not have at school. The lessons of indulgence taught them by an unwise father or mother have done their work for time and for eternity, and the loss of these souls will be set to their account. {CG 335.5}[29]
§61
大学课程以外的教育－－青少年在教育问题上应当养成贯彻始终的习惯。大学的课程并不包括他们所应接受的全部教育。他们也许从耳闻目睹的事物中不断学习功课。他们可能研究因果的关系，研究生活的背景与环境。他们也许每天学到一些应当避免的知识，和一些可以实行而提高自己的知识，以坚固品格，加强高尚人格的基本原则。{CG 336.1}[30]
§62
An Education Outside the College Curriculum.-- Children and youth should cultivate habits of thoroughness in the matter of education. The college course does not embrace all the education which they are to receive. They may be constantly learning lessons from the things they see and hear. They may study from cause to effect, from the surroundings and the circumstances of life. They may learn every day something they must avoid, and something they may practice that will elevate and ennoble them, giving solidity to the character and strengthening in them those principles which are the foundation of noble manhood and womanhood. {CG 336.1}[30]
§63
他们在接受教育时如果心中漫无目的，轻易满足，不肯用功，就达不到上帝所要他们达到的标准。（十五）{CG 336.2}[31]
§64
If they enter upon their education with careless purposes, well content to pass along without any particular effort on their part, then they will not reach the standard God would have them attain. {CG 336.2}[31]