第41章 培训的目的
§1
第41章 培训的目的
§2
chap. 41 - Objectives of Discipline
§3
最高的目标是自治－－训练的目的就是培养儿童自治。要培养他自力更生和克己自制。儿童一到懂事的时候，他的理智就要用在顺从的一边。他所受的一切教育，都要说明顺从是公正合理的。要帮助他认识到凡事都有规则；悖逆至终会导致灾难和痛苦。当上帝说“你不可”的时候，祂是凭着爱心警告我们悖逆的后果，要救我们脱离伤害和损失。（一）{CG 223.1}[1]
§4
Self-government the Paramount Objective.--The object of discipline is the training of the child for self-government. He should be taught self-reliance and self-control. Therefore as soon as he is capable of understanding, his reason should be enlisted on the side of obedience. Let all dealing with him be such as to show obedience to be just and reasonable. Help him to see that all things are under law, and that disobedience leads, in the end, to disaster and suffering. When God says, Thou shalt not, He in love warns us of the consequence of disobedience, in order to save us from harm and loss. {CG 223.1}[1]
§5
运用意志的力量－－只有引导犯错误的人认识到自己的错误，自愿改正错误的时候，责备的真正目的才算达到。做到这一步以后，要向他指出赦罪和能力的泉源。（二）{CG 223.2}[2]
§6
Enlisting the Power of the Will.--The true object of reproof is gained only when the wrongdoer himself is led to see his fault and his will is enlisted for its correction. When this is accomplished, point him to the source of pardon and power. {CG 223.2}[2]
§7
那些教育学生认识到要成为高尚有用之人力量在于他们自己的人，会取得最持久的成功。（三）{CG 223.3}[3]
§8
Those who train their pupils to feel that the power lies in themselves to become men and women of honor and usefulness will be the most permanently successful. {CG 223.3}[3]
§9
纠正习惯、爱好和和犯罪的意向－－父母的工作是约束、指导和管理。他们所能犯最大的罪，就是让儿女满足自己幼稚的幻想和欲望，随从自己的嗜好。他们所能犯最大的错误，就是让儿女以为活着就是要寻欢作乐，可以选择自己的道路，追求自己的娱乐和友谊。……青年人需要父母的教育和管教，来纠正他们错误的习惯和意向，消除他们的犯罪企图。（四）{CG 223.4}[4]
§10
Correct Habits, Inclinations, Evil Tendencies.-- It is the work of the parents to restrain and guide and control. They cannot commit a worse evil than to permit their children to gratify all their childish wishes and fancies, and leave them to follow their own inclinations; they cannot do them a greater wrong than to leave upon their minds the impression that they are to live to please and amuse themselves, to choose their own ways and find their own pleasure and society. . . . The youth need parents who will educate and discipline them, correct their wrong habits and inclinations, and prune away their evil tendencies. {CG 223.4}[4]
§11
摧毁撒但的堡垒－－母亲们：你们儿女的命运大都掌握在你们手中。你们若忽略了本分，就可能将他们推到撒但的队伍里，充当他的瓜牙去毁灭别的生灵。但你们忠诚的管教和虔诚的榜样也可以引领儿女归向基督，使他们转过来影响别人，如此藉着你们的服务，可以使许多生灵得救。（五）{CG 224.1}[5]
§12
Break Down Satans Stronghold.--Mothers, the destiny of your children rests to a great extent in your hands. If you fail in duty, you may place them in Satans ranks and make them his agents to ruin other souls. Or your faithful discipline and godly example may lead them to Christ, and they in turn will influence others, and thus many souls may be saved through your instrumentality. {CG 224.1}[5]
§13
惟愿我们仔细省察，着手弥补自己的过失。惟愿我们摧毁仇敌的坚垒。惟愿我们以慈悲的心肠纠正所爱的人，保守他们脱离仇敌的权势。不要灰心。（六）{CG 224.2}[6]
§14
Let us look carefully and begin to catch up our dropped stitches. Let us break down the strongholds of the enemy. Let us mercifully correct our loved ones and keep them from the power of the enemy. Do not be discouraged. {CG 224.2}[6]
§15
教导儿女尊重父母和上帝的权威－－儿童……应当接受训练、指示和管教，直至他们顺服父母，尊重父母的权威。这样，在他们心中就培养起对上帝权威的尊重，致使家庭训练成为进入天家的预备性训练。儿童时期和青少年时期所受的训练，应能预备儿童担负起宗教的职责，获得进入天庭的资格。（七）{CG 224.3}[7]
§16
Teach Respect to Parental and Divine Authority.-- Children . . . should be trained, educated, and disciplined until they become obedient to their parents, giving respect to their authority. In this way respect for divine authority will be implanted in their hearts, and the family training will be like a preparatory training for the family in heaven. The training of childhood and youth should be of such a character that children will be prepared to take up their religious duties, and thus become fitted to enter into the courts above. {CG 224.3}[7]
§17
主是一切知识的源泉；祂曾说明了我们配进入天国福地的条件：“那些洗净自己衣服的有福了，可得权柄能到生命树那里，也能从门进城”（启22:14）。顺从上帝的诫命乃是天国的标价。在主里面顺从父母，乃是儿女所应当学习的最重要的功课。（八）{CG 224.4}[8]
§18
He who is the fountain of all knowledge has stated the condition of our fitness to enter the heaven of bliss, in the words, Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city. Obedience to Gods commandments is the price of heaven, and obedience to their parents in the Lord is the all-important lesson for children to learn. {CG 224.4}[8]
§19
顺从是依据原则，而不是出于勉强－－要将你们对儿女的要求如实告诉他们。要使他们明白，你们的吩咐就是律法，必须顺从。这样，你们就是在训练他们尊重上帝的诫命，因为诫命明确宣布“当”和“不可”。你们儿女的顺从应当依据原则，而不是出于勉强。（九）{CG 225.1}[9]
§20
Obedience From Principle, Not Compulsion.-- Tell your children exactly what you require of them. Then let them understand that your word is law and must be obeyed. Thus you are training them to respect the commandments of God, which plainly declare, Thou shalt, and Thou shalt not. It is far better for your boy to obey from principle than from compulsion. {CG 225.1}[9]
§21
完全信靠的教训－－因为上帝已经这样说了，这位可怜的父亲只好用他慈爱颤抖的手把以撒缚好。儿子愿意牺牲，因为他相信父亲的正直。……{CG 225.2}[10]
§22
A Lesson in Implicit Confidence.--Isaac is bound by the trembling, loving hands of his pitying father, because God has said it. The son submits to the sacrifice, because he believes in the integrity of his father. . . . {CG 225.2}[10]
§23
亚伯拉罕出于信心的行为，是为我们的益处而记录的。这件事教导我们信任上帝要求的伟大教训，不论这要求是多么严厉直率；也教训儿女们当完全顺服父母及上帝。亚伯拉罕的顺从教训我们，没有什么东西是太宝贵，是我们不能献给上帝的。（十）{CG 225.3}[11]
§24
This act of faith in Abraham is recorded for our benefit. It teaches us the great lesson of confidence in the requirements of God, however close and cutting they may be; and it teaches children perfect submission to their parents and to God. By Abrahams obedience we are taught that nothing is too precious for us to give to God. {CG 225.3}[11]
§25
青年对信任的回应－－应当使青年铭记他们是受信赖的。他们具有荣誉感，也希望受尊重，这是他们的权利。如果学生们得到的印象是自己的出入坐立，无论何时何地，甚至在自己的房子里，都受人监视，有吹毛求疵的眼睛在注意着他们，预备随时批评和报告，就一定会影响他们意志消沉，连游玩也无快乐可言。这种不断监视的认识，远超父母监护之外，并且远为恶劣；因为聪明的父母往往能老练地看透表面现象，在青年的诸般渴望或种种试探的势力之下看到不安之心的活动，便设法消除诸恶。可是这样继续的监视并不自然，反而造成其原欲避免的罪恶。青年人的健康有赖乎运动、愉快和周围有欢乐的气氛，适于养成健全的身体和匀称的品格。（十一）{CG 225.4}[12]
§26
Youth Will Respond to Trust.--The youth must be impressed with the idea that they are trusted. They have a sense of honor, and they want to be respected, and it is their right. If pupils receive the impression that they cannot go out or come in, sit at the table, or be anywhere, even in their rooms, except they are watched, a critical eye is upon them to criticize and report, it will have the influence to demoralize, and pastime will have no pleasure in it. This knowledge of a continual oversight is more than a parental guardianship, and far worse; for wise parents can, through tact, often discern beneath the surface and see the working of the restless mind under the longings of youth, or under the forces of temptations, and set their plans to work to counteract evils. But this constant watchfulness is not natural, and produces evils that it is seeking to avoid. The healthfulness of youth requires exercise, cheerfulness, and a happy, pleasant atmosphere surrounding them, for the development of physical health and symmetrical character. {CG 225.4}[12]
§27
自治与绝对的权威——许多有孩子的家庭，表面看来管理严格，训练有素，但束缚的制度一旦取消，他们就显出思想、行动和亲自作决定方面的无能。他们长期受铁腕管理，没有在非常应该自己动脑筋的事上，进行独立思考和行动，以致不敢按照自己的判断来行动，也不敢有自己的见解。当他们离开父母独立行事时，很容易因听从别人的判断，而接受错误的引领。他们没有稳固的品格。他们没有在实际中，迅速广泛地运用自己的判断力，所以心智没能得到适当的发育和加强。他们长久受所完全依赖之父母的绝对控制；父母就是他们的意见和判断。{CG 226.1}[13]
§28
Self-government Versus Absolute Authority.-- There are many families of children who appear to be well trained, while under the training discipline; but when the system which has held them to set rules is broken up, they seem to be incapable of thinking, acting, or deciding for themselves. These children have been so long under iron rule, not allowed to think and act for themselves in those things in which it was highly proper that they should, that they have no confidence in themselves to move out upon their own judgment, having an opinion of their own. And when they go out from their parents to act for themselves, they are easily led by others judgment in the wrong direction. They have not stability of character. They have not been thrown upon their own judgment as fast and as far as practicable, and therefore their minds have not been properly developed and strengthened. They have so long been absolutely controlled by their parents that they rely wholly upon them; their parents are mind and judgment for them. {CG 226.1}[13]
§29
但反过来说，青年人也不可离开父母和教师的判断，一意孤行。他们应当受教导，尊重有经验之人的判断。要教育他们与教师和父母同心合作，受教看出接受父母和教师的劝导是适当的。这样，当他们没有人指导时，他们的品格，就不会像随风飘摇的芦苇一样了。{CG 226.2}[14]
§30
On the other hand, the young should not be left to think and act independently of the judgment of their parents and teachers. Children should be taught to respect experienced judgment and to be guided by their parents and teachers. . . . They should be so educated that their minds will be united with the minds of their parents and teachers, and so instructed that they can see the propriety of heeding their counsel. Then when they go forth from the guiding hand of their parents and teachers, their characters will not be like the reed trembling in the wind. {CG 226.2}[14]
§31
我们若正当合适地指导儿童们，照其能力所及与其心思所届，去自行思想及行动，就可使他们有成长的思想，有自尊的感觉，及有办事能力的自信心；反之，若无这种教导，而仅施以严格的训练，那就要养成一班心力德力脆弱的人了。及至他们立身处世，自己行动之时，他们就显露自己实际上所受的乃是象牲畜一样的训练，而非受过教育了。他们的意志未蒙循循善导，而是被父母教师们的粗暴惩戒所制服。（十二）{CG 227.1}[15]
§32
The severe training of youth--without properly directing them to think and act for themselves as their own capacity and turn of mind will allow, that by this means they may have growth of thought, feelings of self-respect, and confidence in their own ability to perform--will ever produce a class who are weak in mental and moral power. And when they stand in the world to act for themselves, they will reveal the fact that they were trained, like the animals, and not educated. Their wills, instead of being guided, were forced into subjection by the harsh discipline of parents and teachers. {CG 227.1}[15]
§33
支配别人心思的恶果－－那些自夸完全控制儿童心灵意志的父母和教师，若能预见这些屈服于武力和威吓之下的儿童将来的生活，就必不再夸口了。这些儿童，几乎完全没有准备好去担负人生严肃的职责。当他们不再受父母教师的管理，而不得不独立思想行动时，就肯定会迷失方向，屈从试探的势力。他们的人生，不能获得成功，他们的宗教生活，也出现同样的亏欠。青少年的导师，若能看清他们错误训练的后果，就必改变他们的教育方针了。那等因能几乎完全控制学生的意志而沾沾自喜的教师，也许暂时所表现的成绩很可得意，但他们毕竟不是最成功的教师。{CG 227.2}[16]
§34
Evil Results When One Mind Dominates Another.-- Those parents and teachers who boast of having complete control of the minds and wills of the children under their care would cease their boastings could they trace out the future lives of the children who are thus brought into subjection by force or through fear. These are almost wholly unprepared to share in the stern responsibilities of life. When these youth are no longer under their parents and teachers, and are compelled to think and act for themselves, they are almost sure to take a wrong course and yield to the power of temptation. They do not make this life a success, and the same deficiencies are seen in their religious life. Could the instructors of children and youth have the future result of their mistaken discipline mapped out before them, they would change their plan of education. That class of teachers who are gratified that they have almost complete control of the wills of their scholars are not the most successful teachers, although the appearance for the time being may be flattering. {CG 227.2}[16]
§35
上帝从来没有计划让一个人的心受另一个人完全控制。那些力图使学生的个性泯灭于他们，心思、意愿、感情都服从于他们的人，承担了可怕的责任。这些学生在某些场合，看来好像训练有素的士兵，但约束一消除，就显得不能坚持原则，独立行动了。（十三）{CG 228.1}[17]
§36
God never designed that one human mind should be under the complete control of another. And those who make efforts to have the individuality of their pupils merged in themselves, and to be mind, will, and conscience for them, assume fearful responsibilities. These scholars may, upon certain occasions, appear like well-drilled soldiers. But when the restraint is removed, there will be seen a want of independent action from firm principle existing in them. {CG 228.1}[17]
§37
藉着巧妙而耐心的努力－－需要巧妙而耐心的努力，才能以正确的方式塑造年轻人。特别是对于带着罪恶遗传的重累来到世上的孩童，这是他们父母罪恶的直接结果，这些孩童需要最细心的培育，好发展和加强他们的道德和理智才能。父母的责任确实沉重。要小心地约束和温柔地斥责种种邪恶的倾向；要激发心思支持正义。当勉励儿童实行自治，而这一切都要做得很明智，否则不会达到目的。（十四）{CG 228.2}[18]
§38
Through Skill and Patient Effort.--It requires skill and patient effort to mold the young in the right manner. Especially do children who have come into the world burdened with a heritage of evil, the direct results of the sins of their parents, need the most careful culture to develop and strengthen their moral and intellectual faculties. And the responsibility of the parents is heavy indeed. Evil tendencies are to be carefully restrained and tenderly rebuked; the mind is to be stimulated in favor of the right. The child should be encouraged in attempting to govern himself. And all this is to be done judiciously, or the purpose desired will be frustrated. {CG 228.2}[18]