第44章 照顾婴儿
§1
第44章 照顾婴儿
§2
Chap. 44 - Care Of Little Children
§3
乳养婴儿的母亲之正当态度——婴儿最适宜的食物乃是自然所为他预备的。不该无故剥夺了这种特权。母亲若为自己的便利或社交的享乐，想要逃避乳养婴儿这种亲切的义务，实在是一项残酷无情之举。[1]
§4
Correct Attitudes for the Nursing Mother.--The best food for the infant is the food that nature provides. Of this it should not be needlessly deprived. It is a heartless thing for a mother, for the sake of convenience or social enjoyment, to seek to free herself from the tender office of nursing her little one. {AH 260.1}[1]
§5
婴孩从母体吸收营养的时期是十分重要的。许多作母亲的在乳养婴孩的时期中操劳过度，或则由于烹饪食物的缘故而使血液发热。以至她的婴孩受到了严重的影响，不但从母亲的奶汁中吸收了刺激性的成分，并且他的血液也因母亲不卫生的饮食而受到了毒害，这一类的饮食使母亲的整个体系发热，因此影响了婴孩的食料。婴孩也必受母亲的心境所影响。她若时常抑郁不乐，易受刺激，暴躁易怒，好发脾气，则婴孩从母体所吸收的养料中必含有发炎的质素，结果便使婴孩患上了疝痛，抽筋等症，甚或有时更会引起剧烈的痉挛。[2]
§6
The period in which the infant receives its nourishment from the mother is critical. Many mothers, while nursing their infants, have been permitted to overlabor and to heat their blood in cooking; and the nursling has been seriously affected, not only with fevered nourishment from the mothers breast, but its blood has been poisoned by the unhealthy diet of the mother, which has fevered her whole system, thereby affecting the food of the infant. The infant will also be affected by the condition of the mothers mind. If she is unhappy, easily agitated, irritable, giving vent to outbursts of passion, the nourishment the infant receives from its mother will be inflamed, often producing colic, spasms, and in some instances causing convulsions and fits. {AH 260.2}[2]
§7
婴孩的性格多少必受那从母体吸收的养料之品质所影响。这样看来，在乳养婴儿时母亲必须维持愉快的心情，并完全控制自己的意气，乃是何等重要的事啊！如此作，婴儿的食物不致遭受损害，而且母亲在照料婴儿时所采用的平静而镇定的方式，对于陶冶他的心志也有非常的助益。倘若婴儿生来神经过敏或易受刺激，母亲细心而从容的态度必有安抚纠正的作用，可以大大地增进婴儿的健康。[3]
§8
The character also of the child is more or less affected by the nature of the nourishment received from the mother. How important then that the mother, while nursing her infant, should preserve a happy state of mind, having the perfect control of her own spirit. By thus doing, the food of the child is not injured, and the calm, self-possessed course the mother pursues in the treatment of her child has very much to do in molding the mind of the infant. If it is nervous and easily agitated, the mothers careful, unhurried manner will have a soothing and correcting influence, and the health of the infant can be very much improved. {AH 260.3}[3]
§9
婴儿的生活状况愈宁静单纯，就必愈有利于体力与智力的发展。作母亲的当时刻尽力维持温和、平静、与镇定的心情。[4]
§10
The more quiet and simple the life of the child, the more favorable it will be to both physical and mental development. At all times the mother should endeavor to be quiet, calm, and self-possessed. {AH 261.1}[4]
§11
食物不能代替照顾——婴孩往往因不适宜的照顾而受到了极大的伤害。他们有时显得急躁不安，往往就喂之以食物而求其安静，殊不知在多数的实例中，他们的急躁都是由于饮食过度而起，并且因为母亲错误的习惯往往便造成了许多的伤害。加添食物不过使情况更加恶化而已，因为他们的胃部已经充塞过度了。[5]
§12
Food Is Not a Substitute for Attention.--Infants have been greatly abused by improper treatment. If fretful, they have generally been fed to keep them quiet, when, in most cases, the very reason of their fretfulness was because of their having received too much food, made injurious by the wrong habits of the mother. More food only made the matter worse, for their stomachs were already overloaded. {AH 261.2}[5]
§13
就一般情形而言，婴孩自襁褓时期起就放纵食欲，而且更受到这样的熏陶，以为人生的宗旨乃在“吃”。孩子们在幼年时期，母亲对于他们品格的形成负有很大的责任。她可以训练他们控制食欲，她也可以教导他们放纵食欲，以至使他们成为贪吃之人。母亲往往安排她的计划，希望在一天之内完成若干项工作；而当孩子们搅扰她的时候，她不用些时间去安抚他们小小的忧伤，使他们的思想转往他处，却喂以食物求其安静，这样作也许可以奏效一段短时间，但结果反而使情形更加恶化。孩子们的胃内在毫无需要时却塞满了食物。而实际上所要求的，不过是母亲牺牲一点点时间去照顾一下而已。可惜她过于珍视自己的时间，不肯用来增进儿女的欢乐。也许在她看来，尽力布置她的家庭使之美观，以博取宾客的称羡，或以最时尚的方式烹调食物，较比自己儿女的福乐与健康更重要。[6]
§14
Children are generally brought up from the cradle to indulge the appetite and are taught that they live to eat. The mother does much toward the formation of the character of her children in their childhood. She can teach them to control the appetite, or she can teach them to indulge the appetite and become gluttons. The mother often arranges her plans to accomplish a certain amount through the day; and when the children trouble her, instead of taking time to soothe their little sorrows and divert them, something is given them to eat to keep them still, which answers the purpose for a short time but eventually makes things worse. The childrens stomachs have been pressed with food, when they had not the least want of it. All that was required was a little of the mothers time and attention. But she regarded her time as altogether too precious to devote to the amusement of her children. Perhaps the arrangement of her house in a tasteful manner for visitors to praise, and to have her food cooked in a fashionable style, are with her higher considerations than the happiness and health of her children. {AH 261.3}[6]
§15
食物宜有益、可口，而简单——食物应当简单，以免为了准备而用去母亲的全部时间。不错，应该注意供给有益于健康的食物，以合乎卫生的方法烹调，也要能引起人的食欲。不要以为经你随意七拼八凑的任何食物，都是很适合你儿女的。但最好还是少用时间去预备那些仅为餍足已败坏之食欲而不合卫生的食物，多用时间于教导并训练儿女。[7]
§16
Food to Be Wholesome and Inviting, but Simple.-- Food should be so simple that its preparation will not absorb all the time of the mother. It is true, care should be taken to furnish the table with healthful food prepared in a wholesome and inviting manner. Do not think that anything you can carelessly throw together to serve as food is good enough for the children. But less time should be devoted to the preparation of unhealthful dishes for the table, to please a perverted taste, and more time to the education and training of the children. {AH 262.1}[7]
§17
预备婴儿的睡具等物——在预备婴儿的衣服之时，先要注重简便、舒适和卫生，而不必讲究时髦或企图博得他人的称羡。母亲不该多耗时间于刺绣或修饰，以求那些小小的衣服显得美观，这样不但增加了她不必要的辛劳，更足以影响她自己和婴儿的健康。她不该弯着腰去从事那种极其损害目力和神经的缝纫工作，因为这正是她需要多多休息或作轻松愉快的运动的时期。她应当感悟到自己有义务须保养体力，俾能应付将要加于她身上的诸般需求。[8]
§18
Preparing the Babys Layette.--In the preparation of the babys wardrobe, convenience, comfort, and health should be sought before fashion or a desire to excite admiration. The mother should not spend time in embroidery and fancywork to make the little garments beautiful, thus taxing herself with unnecessary labor at the expense of her own health and the health of her child. She should not bend over sewing that severely taxes eyes and nerves, at a time when she needs much rest and pleasant exercise. She should realize her obligation to cherish her strength, that she may be able to meet the demands that will be made upon her. {AH 262.2}[8]
§19
确保清洁，温暖，与空气新鲜——婴孩是需要温暖的，但是往往有人把婴孩放在太热而没有充分新鲜空气的房中，这就犯了严重的错误。[9]
§20
Insure Cleanliness, Warmth, Fresh Air.--Babies require warmth, but a serious error is often committed in keeping them in overheated rooms, deprived to a great degree of fresh air. . . . {AH 262.3}[9]
§21
应当保守婴孩远避一切能削弱或毒害体系的影响。要丝毫不苟地使婴孩周围的物品都清洁而美观。必须提防婴孩遭遇气温方面突然或过度的改变，同时也要注意使他们或睡或醒，或昼或夜，都能呼吸到清洁而增进体力的空气。[10]
§22
The baby should be kept free from every influence that would tend to weaken or to poison the system. The most scrupulous care should be taken to have everything about it sweet and clean. While it may be necessary to protect the little ones from sudden or too great changes of temperature, care should be taken that, sleeping or waking, day or night, they breathe a pure, invigorating atmosphere. {AH 262.4}[10]
§23
照顾患病的儿女——在很多的情形之下，孩童们的疾病都该归咎于照料不当。饮食无规律，在寒冷的夜间衣服不够，缺少活泼的运动使血液循环通畅，或者缺少充分的空气以洁净血液，都可能是致病的原因。但愿作父母的先研究疾病的来源，而后尽速纠正一切错误的情形。[11]
§24
The Care of Children in Sickness.--In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible. {AH 263.1}[11]
§25
一切作父母的人都有能力学习各种照顾，预防，甚或医治疾病的方法。尤其是作母亲的，更应该懂得怎样处理家庭中常见的普通病症。她应该懂得看护她那患病的孩子。她的爱心和见识，应该使她配亲自从事那不宜委于陌生人之手的服务。[12]
§26
All parents have it in their power to learn much concerning the care and prevention, and even the treatment, of disease. Especially ought the mother to know what to do in common cases of illness in her family. She should know how to minister to her sick child. Her love and insight should fit her to perform services for it which could not so well be trusted to a strangers hand. {AH 263.2}[12]