第52章 手工课
§1
第52章 手工课
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Chap. 52 - Manual Training
§3
人生不可耗费在闲懒或取悦自己的事上。每一个人都有重大的责任，就是发展上帝所赐的才能。因此，教育青年是一件最重要的事。每一个生在家中的孩子，都是一个神圣的托付。上帝对父母说：“你们要接受这个孩子，为我而养育他，使他能尊荣我的名，以致我能藉着他造福世人。”为了使孩子能度这样的人生，就不能对他们进行片面的教育，以致增长了智力，却牺牲了体力。身心的一切才能，都必须得到发展。父母应在教师的帮助下，为自己所照管的青少年进行这项工作。{FE 416.1}[1]
§4
Life is not given to us to be spent in idleness or self-pleasing; but great possibilities have been placed before every one who will develop his God-given capabilities. For this reason the training of the young is a matter of the highest importance. Every child born into the home is a sacred trust. God says to the parents, Take this child, and bring it up for Me, that it may be an honor to My name, and a channel through which My blessings shall flow to the world. To fit the child for such a life, something more is called for than a partial, one-sided education, which shall develop the mental at the expense of the physical powers. All the faculties of mind and body need to be developed; and this is the work which parents, aided by the teacher, are to do for the children and youth placed under their care. {FE 416.1}[1]
§5
第一步教训是很重要的。往往儿童在很小时就被送进学校。他们必须学习年幼的心智难以负担的功课，往往还要学习音乐。父母往往资财有限，这笔学费又是他们难以承担的。但是，他们把一切都投入这样的教育。这种做法是不智的。一个神经衰弱的孩子，决不可负担过重，也不要学习音乐，直到他的体力得到充分的发育。{FE 416.2}[2]
§6
The first lessons are of great importance. It is customary to send very young children to school. They are required to study from books things that tax their young minds, and often they are taught music. Frequently the parents have but limited means, and an expense is incurred which they can ill afford; but everything must be made to bend to this artificial line of education. This course is not wise. A nervous child should not be overtaxed in any direction, and should not learn music until he is physically well developed. {FE 416.2}[2]
§7
母亲应当成为教师。每一个儿童都应在家庭学校中，接受启蒙教育。这些功课应当包括勤劳的习惯。母亲们哪，要让小孩子在露天玩耍，倾听鸟儿的歌声，学习上帝在祂美丽创作中所显示的爱心。要从大自然的课本，和他们周围的事物中，教导他们简单的课题。当他们的心智稍有扩展的时候，就可以增加书本的功课，使他们牢牢记住。但即使在他们还很小的时候，也当使他们学习做有用处的人。要训练他们认识到：作为家庭的一员，他应当有兴趣帮助分担家庭的担子。要在完成必要的家务中，寻求有益于健康的活动。{FE 416.3}[3]
§8
The mother should be the teacher, and home the school where every child receives his first lessons; and these lessons should include habits of industry. Mothers, let the little ones play in the open air; let them listen to the songs of the birds, and learn the love of God as expressed in His beautiful works. Teach them simple lessons from the book of nature and the things about them; and as their minds expand, lessons from books may be added, and firmly fixed in the memory. But let them also learn, even in their earliest years, to be useful. Train them to think that, as members of the household, they are to act an interested, helpful part in sharing the domestic burdens, and to seek healthful exercise in the performance of necessary home duties. {FE 416.3}[3]
§9
父母应当找一些有用的工作给自己的儿女去做，让他们担负适合他们年龄和体力的责任。应当让孩子做一些不仅使他们忙碌，而且引起他们兴趣的事。儿童从很小起就当积极地动手动脑。父母若疏忽使儿童的才能得到合理运用，就会对他们造成很大的伤害。因为撒但随时准备找点事给他们做。父母岂不要作教师，选事情给他们做吗？{FE 417.1}[4]
§10
It is essential for parents to find useful employment for their children, which will involve the bearing of responsibilities as their age and strength will permit. The children should be given something to do that will not only keep them busy, but interest them. The active hands and brains must be employed from the earliest years. If parents neglect to turn their childrens energies into useful channels, they do them great injury; for Satan is ready to find them something to do. Shall not the doing be chosen for them, the parents being the instructors? {FE 417.1}[4]
§11
儿童到了入学的年龄，教师就应当与父母合作，把体力劳动继续作为他在学校应尽的本分。许多学生反对在学校中做这种工作。他们以为有益的工作，即学一门手艺，是下贱的事，其实这些人对何为真正的尊严存在错误的认识。我们的主和救主耶稣基督是与父同在的一位，是天庭的统帅，曾作以色列人的私人教师和向导；要求他们中的每一个青少年都学会如何作工。人人都要受教学习某种业务，以便拥有实际生活的知识，不仅自养，而且有用。这就是上帝曾赐给祂子民的指示。{FE 417.2}[5]
§12
When the child is old enough to be sent to school, the teacher should co-operate with the parents, and manual training should be continued as a part of his school duties. There are many students who object to this kind of work in the schools. They think useful employments, like learning a trade, degrading; but such persons have an incorrect idea of what constitutes true dignity. Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, who is one with the Father, the Commander in the heavenly courts, was the personal instructor and guide of the children of Israel; and among them it was required that every youth should learn how to work. All were to be educated in some business line, that they might possess a knowledge of practical life, and be not only self-sustaining, but useful. This was the instruction which God gave to His people. {FE 417.2}[5]
§13
基督在地上的生活乃是人类大家庭的榜样。祂在家庭中是顺从和有用的。祂学习木工的手艺，用自己的双手在拿撒勒的小作坊中工作。祂曾生活在天国的荣耀中；却以人性披覆了祂的神性，以便与人类结交，藉着共有的同情接触人心。既有人的样式，祂就虚己，藉着使自己适合祂所发现的人类的景况来做恢复人心灵的工作。{FE 417.3}[6]
§14
In His earth-life, Christ was an example to all the human family, and He was obedient and helpful in the home. He learned the carpenters trade, and worked with His own hands in the little shop at Nazareth. He had lived amid the glories of heaven; but He clothed His divinity with humanity, that He might associate with humanity, and reach hearts through the common avenue of sympathy. When found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, and worked for the recovery of the human soul by adapting Himself to the situation in which He found humanity. {FE 417.3}[6]
§15
圣经论到耶稣说：“孩子渐渐长大，强健起来，充满智慧，又有上帝的恩在祂身上”（路2:40）。当祂在童年和青年工作的时候，心智和身体都得到了发育。祂没有滥用体力，而是运用它们以保持身体的健康，以便在各方面做出最出色的工作来。祂不愿有任何缺点，甚至在使用工具的事上也是如此。祂的手艺尽善尽美，正像祂品格的完美一样。基督藉着言传身教使有益的劳作显为尊贵。{FE 418.1}[7]
§16
The Bible says of Jesus, And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon Him. As He worked in childhood and youth, mind and body were developed. He did not use his physical powers recklessly, but gave them such exercise as would keep them in health, that He might do the best work in every line. He was not willing to be defective, even in the handling of tools. He was perfect as a workman, as He was perfect in character. By precept and example, Christ has dignified useful labor. {FE 418.1}[7]
§17
花在身体锻炼上的时间不算是浪费。学生若一味钻在书本里，而同时又很少在户外活动，他就是在伤害自己。均衡地活动身体的各个器官和组织，会使每一器官都发挥最好的效能。不间断地用脑，同时其他器官却闲着不用，就会造成体力智力的损失。身体的健康被夺走了。心智丧失了生机和活力，结果造成病态的兴奋。{FE 418.2}[8]
§18
The time spent in physical exercise is not lost. The student who is continually poring over his books, while he takes but little exercise in the open air, does himself an injury. A proportionate exercise of all the organs and faculties of the body is essential to the best work of each. When the brain is constantly taxed while the other organs of the living machinery are inactive, there is a loss of strength, physical and mental. The physical system is robbed of its healthful tone, the mind loses its freshness and vigor, and a morbid excitability is the result. {FE 418.2}[8]
§19
单单是玩耍或锻炼不能使人获得最大的益处。固然，能呼吸新鲜空气和操练肌肉，总有一定的好处。可是这同样的精力若花在履行有用的本分上，就会获得更大的益处。它会使人产生满意的感觉，因知道多少有了点成就，自己作了点有用的事，受到良心的赞许。{FE 418.3}[9]
§20
The greatest benefit is not gained from exercise that is taken as play or exercise merely. There is some benefit derived from being in the fresh air, and also from the exercise of the muscles; but let the same amount of energy be given to the performance of helpful duties, and the benefit will be greater, and a feeling of satisfaction will be realized; for such exercise carries with it the sense of helpfulness and the approval of conscience for duty well done. {FE 418.3}[9]
§21
应当鼓励儿童和青少年立志用自己的体力做对自己有益和对别人有帮助的事。那种发展心智和品格，启发他们运用双手，训练青年人分担生活担子的活动，必能增强他们的体力，振奋他们的一切才能。凡勤勤恳恳，培养行善习惯的，必定得到报赏。{FE 418.4}[10]
§22
In the children and youth an ambition should be awakened to take their exercise in doing something that will be beneficial to themselves and helpful to others. The exercise that develops mind and character, that teaches the hands to be useful, and trains the young to bear their share of lifes burdens, is that which gives physical strength, and quickens every faculty. And there is a reward in virtuous industry, in the cultivation of the habit of living to do good. {FE 418.4}[10]
§23
富裕家庭的儿童也不可被剥夺参加劳动增进智力体力的大福气。劳动不是一种咒诅，而是一种福分。上帝曾把一个美丽的园子赐给无罪的亚当和夏娃看守。这是一项愉快的工作。如果第一对夫妇没有干犯上帝的诫命，这个世界上的工作永远是愉快的。娇弱的闲散和自私的满足使人有病；使生活在各方面都空虚无益。上帝赐给人理智，又以祂的良善为他们生活的冠冕，并非要他们遭受闲懒必有结果的祸害。富裕的人不可被剥夺在世界上作个劳动者的特权和福分。他们应当认识到自己有责任使用所托付给他们的财产；他们的能力，他们的时间，他们的钱财都应当聪明的加以利用，不可为自私的目的服务。{FE 419.1}[11]
§24
The children of the wealthy should not be deprived of the great blessing of having something to do to increase the strength of brain and muscle. Work is not a curse, but a blessing. God gave sinless Adam and Eve a beautiful garden to tend. This was pleasant work, and none but pleasant work would have entered our world, had not the first pair transgressed Gods commandments. Delicate idleness and selfish gratification make invalids; they can make the life empty and barren in every way. God has not given human beings reason, and crowned their lives with His goodness, that they may be cursed with the sure results of idleness. The wealthy are not to be deprived of the privilege and blessing of a place among the worlds workers. They should realize that they are responsible for the use they make of their intrusted possessions; that their strength, their time, and their money, are to be used wisely, and not for selfish purposes. {FE 419.1}[11]
§25
基督的宗教是实际的。它不会使人不能忠心地履行人生的基本责任。当那个律法师问耶稣说：“我该做什么才可以承受永生”时，耶稣反问他说：“律法上写的是什么？你念的是怎样呢？他回答说：‘你要尽心、尽性、尽力、尽意爱主你的上帝；又要爱邻舍如同自己。’耶稣说：‘你回答的是；你这样行，就必得永生’”（路10:25-28）。这里描绘的并不是一种没有行动的宗教，而是要人积极地使用身心一切的能力。{FE 419.2}[12]
§26
The Christian religion is practical. It does not incapacitate one for the faithful discharge of any of lifes essential duties. When the lawyer asked Jesus, What shall I do to inherit eternal life? Jesus turned the question back upon himself, saying, What is written in the law? how readest thou? And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbor as thyself. Jesus said to him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live. Luke 10:25-28. It is not a religion of inaction that is here sketched, but one that requires the energetic use of all the mental and physical powers. {FE 419.2}[12]
§27
仅仅懒惰的沉思，闲散的默想，并不是宗教。上帝要我们重视自己各样的天赋，并且藉着不断地运用它们来使之增多。祂的子民要在人生一切的关系中作正确的模范。祂按照我们的能力给了我们每一个人一份工作去做；我们的特权是享受祂的福气，以祂的荣耀为念，忠心地运用我们身心的力量。{FE 419.3}[13]
§28
Mere indolent musing, idle contemplation, is not religion. God requires us to appreciate our varied endowments, and to multiply them by constant, practical use. His people are to be models of correctness in all the relations of life. To every one of us He has given a work to do, according to our ability; and it is our privilege to enjoy His blessing while devoting strength of body and mind to its faithful performance, with His names glory in view. {FE 419.3}[13]
§29
上帝必以慈爱的保证嘉纳那些乐意参加家务劳动，分担父母担子的儿童。他们将获得健康的身体和心灵的平安。他们也必因看见父母亲得享社交的幸福，和有益于健康的娱乐，延长了年日而满心快乐。那些受过生活实际训练的儿童从家庭中出来以后，必成为社会上有用的成员。他们所受的教育要远远胜过那些在幼年心智和身体尚未强健耐劳的时候，就被严格地关在教室里的人所受的教育。{FE 420.1}[14]
§30
The approval of God rests with loving assurance upon the children who cheerfully take their part in the duties of domestic life, sharing the burdens of father and mother. They will be rewarded with health of body and peace of mind; and they will enjoy the pleasure of seeing their parents take their share of social enjoyment and healthful recreation, thus prolonging their lives. Children trained to the practical duties of life, will go out from the home to be useful members of society. Their education is far superior to that gained by close confinement in the schoolroom at an early age, when neither the mind nor the body is strong enough to endure the strain. {FE 420.1}[14]
§31
应当在家庭和学校中藉着训诲和榜样，教导儿童和青少年作忠诚、无私和勤劳的人。不可让他们闲懒度日。他们的双手不应无所事事。父母和家长应当为达到以下的目标而工作——发展青年的一切才能，塑造公义的品格。但在训练儿女上，父母若认识到他们的职责，教师的负担就会减轻多了。{FE 420.2}[15]
§32
The children and youth should have the lesson continually before them, at home and in the school, by precept and example, to be truthful, unselfish, and industrious. They should not be allowed to spend their time in idleness; their hands should not be folded in inaction. Parents and teachers should work for the accomplishment of this object,--the development of all the powers, and a formation of a right character; but when parents realize their responsibilities, there will be far less left for teachers to do in the training of their children. {FE 420.2}[15]
§33
上天关心着为青年所做的工作。父母和教师若能凭着智慧的教训，镇定而坚决地培养青年人习惯于想到并关心别人，就必帮助他们战胜自私，并关闭许多试探的门户。上帝的使者将与这些忠心的导师合作。上帝并没有委托天使来作这项工作，而是要他们增强这些父母和教师的力量和效能。他们敬畏上帝，设法训练青年度有用的人生。——《教育特别证言》1896年5月11日。{FE 420.3}[16]
§34
Heaven is interested in this work in behalf of the young. The parents and teachers who by wise instruction, in a calm, decided manner, accustom them to think of and care for others, will help them to overcome their selfishness, and will close the door against many temptations. Angels of God will co-operate with these faithful instructors. Angels are not commissioned to do this work themselves; but they will give strength and efficiency to those who, in the fear of God, seek to train the young to a life of usefulness.--Special Testimonies on Education, May 11, 1896. {FE 420.3}[16]