第07章 体育的重要性
§1
第07章 体育的重要性
§2
Chap. 07 - The Importance of Physical Training
§3
这个时代对教育空前地关注。知识藉着印刷得以广泛传播，使人人都可自学，并引发了追求智力进步的普遍愿望。{FE 71.1}[1]
§4
The present age is one of unparalleled interest in education. The wide diffusion of knowledge through the agency of the press, placing the means for self-culture within the reach of all, has awakened a general desire for mental improvement. {FE 71.1}[1]
§5
虽然我们心怀感激地承认越来越便利了，但我们不应闭眼不看现代教育体系的缺陷。在急于努力获得智育时，却忽视了体育和德育。许多从学府出来的青年道德品质恶劣，体力衰弱，没有实际生活的知识，也没有什么力量履行人生的职责。{FE 71.2}[2]
§6
While we acknowledge with gratitude our increased facilities, we should not close our eyes to the defects in the present system of education. In the eager effort to secure intellectual culture, physical as well as moral training has been neglected. Many youth come forth from institutions of learning with morals debased, and physical powers enfeebled; with no knowledge of practical life, and little strength to perform its duties. {FE 71.2}[2]
§7
我既看到这些弊端，便问：我们的儿女非得在道德和体力上变得软弱，才能在这些学校中受教育吗？不应该这样，也不需要这样，只要老师和学生们忠于自然律，自然律也是上帝的律法。身心的一切能力都应该用于积极的锻炼，以便青年成为身体强壮、意识健全的人。{FE 71.3}[3]
§8
As I have seen these evils, I have inquired, Must our sons and daughters become moral and physical weaklings, in order to obtain an education in the schools? This should not be; it need not be, if teachers and students will but be true to the laws of nature, which are also the laws of God. All the powers of mind and body should be called into active exercise, that the youth may become strong, well-balanced men and women. {FE 71.3}[3]
§9
许多学生很匆忙地要完成自己的学业，以致什么都学得不彻底。很少人有足够的勇气和自制去根据原则行事。多数学生没能明白教育的真正目标，因此就没能采取要达到这个目标的做法。他们用功学习数学或语言，同时却忽视学习对幸福和成功的生活来说远为必要的东西。许多人能与地质学者一起探测地的深处，或与天文学家一起纵横诸天，却对他们自身这部奇妙的机器没什么兴趣。有些人能说出人体中有多少块骨骼，也能正确地描绘身体的每一个器官，可是却不知道健康的律法和疾病的治疗，好像生命是由盲目的命运支配，而不是受明确不变的律法控制似的。{FE 71.4}[4]
§10
Many students are in so great haste to complete their education that they are not thorough in anything which they undertake. Few have sufficient courage and self-control to act from principle. Most students fail to understand the true object of education, and hence fail to take such a course as to secure this object. They apply themselves to the study of mathematics or the languages, while they neglect a study far more essential to the happiness and success of life. Many who can explore the depths of the earth with the geologist, or traverse the heavens with the astronomer, show not the slightest interest in the wonderful mechanism of their own bodies. Others can tell just how many bones there are in the human frame, and correctly describe every organ of the body, and yet they are as ignorant of the laws of health, and the cure of disease, as though life were controlled by blind fate, instead of definite and unvarying law. {FE 71.4}[4]
§11
身体的健康乃是学生一切志向和希望的基础。因此藉以获得和保持健康状态的知识就显然非常重要了。每一个青少年都应了解如何管制自己的饮食习惯，——吃什么，何时吃，以及如何吃。他应该学会多少小时用来学习，多少时间花在体育锻炼上。人体可以比作一架精细调整过的机器，需要小心保持它正常运转。一部分不应受到不断地磨损和压力，而另一部分则因不活动而锈坏。在用脑时，肌肉也应有相应的运用。{FE 72.1}[5]
§12
Physical health lies at the very foundation of all the students ambitions and his hopes. Hence the pre-eminent importance of gaining a knowledge of those laws by which health is secured and preserved. Every youth should learn how to regulate his dietetic habits,-- what to eat, when to eat, and how to eat. He should learn how many hours to give to study, and how much time to spend in physical exercise. The human body may be compared to nicely adjusted machinery, which needs care to keep it in running order. One part should not be subjected to constant wear and pressure, while another part is rusting from inaction. While the mind is tasked, the muscles also should have their proportion of exercise. {FE 72.1}[5]
§13
适当地管制自己的饮食、睡眠、学习和锻炼习惯，是每一个学生对自己、对社会和上帝应尽的本分。那使年轻人成为世上福气的教育，乃是能使他们达到真正高贵人格的教育。用功学习、睡眠很少、锻炼很少、饮食不当、无规律或吃的食物质量差的学生，是在损害健康和道德、灵性甚至性命的情况下获得智力训练。{FE 72.2}[6]
§14
The proper regulation of his habits of eating, sleeping, study, and exercise, is a duty which every student owes to himself, to society, and to God. The education which will make the young a blessing to the world, is that which enables them to attain a true and noble manhood or womanhood. That student who is studying hard, sleeping little, exercising little, and eating irregularly of an improper or inferior quality of food, is obtaining mental training at the expense of health and morals, of spirituality, and, it may be, of life. {FE 72.2}[6]
§15
青年生性好动。下课之后，若没有合理的范围供他们发泄受到抑制的精力，他们就会焦躁不安，不耐约束，以致去参加那些给许多学校带来羞辱的粗野不文的运动，甚至进入真正淫荡的场所。许多离家时天真无邪的青年，因学校的交游而败坏了。{FE 72.3}[7]
§16
The young naturally desire activity, and if they find no legitimate scope for their pent-up energies after the confinement of the schoolroom, they become restless and impatient of control, and thus are led to engage in the rude, unmanly sports that disgrace so many schools and colleges, and even to plunge into scenes of actual dissipation. Many of the youth who left their homes innocent, are corrupted by their associations at school. {FE 72.3}[7]
§17
每一个学府都应提供农业和技工的学习和实践。应该聘请有能力的老师在各种实业和各个学科上指教青年。虽然每一天都要用一部分时间来提高智力，但是也要用一定的时间进行体力劳动，用适当的时间祷告灵修和研究圣经。{FE 72.4}[8]
§18
Every institution of learning should make provision for the study and practice of agriculture and the mechanic arts. Competent teachers should be employed to instruct the youth in the various industrial pursuits, as well as in the several branches of study. While a part of each day is devoted to mental improvement, let a stated portion be given to physical labor, and a suitable time to devotional exercises and the study of the Scriptures. {FE 72.4}[8]
§19
这种训练会鼓励自力更生、坚定果断的习惯。从这种学府毕业的学生会预备好成功地从事实际的人生责任。他们会有勇气和毅力超越障碍，且有坚定的原则，不会屈从邪恶的影响。{FE 73.1}[9]
§20
This training would encourage habits of self-reliance, firmness, and decision. Graduates of such institutions would be prepared to engage successfully in the practical duties of life. They would have courage and perseverance to surmount obstacles, and firmness of principle that would not yield to evil influences. {FE 73.1}[9]
§21
如果青年只能接受单方面的教育，那么两者相比——学习各学科而完全不利于健康和道德，与在实际的责任方面获得彻底的训练——哪一个最重要呢？我们毫不犹疑地回答说：后者。但在多数情况下，若是付出适当的努力，两者是可以兼得的。{FE 73.2}[10]
§22
If the youth can have but a one-sided education, which is of the greatest importance, the study of the sciences, with all the disadvantages to health and morals, or a thorough training in practical duties, with sound morals and good physical development? We unhesitatingly say, the latter. But with proper effort both may, in most cases, be secured. {FE 73.2}[10]
§23
那些将有益的劳作与学习结合起来的人，不需要体操锻炼。在户外做的任何工作都比室内的工作有益健康十倍。技工和农夫都有体育锻炼，可是其中农夫更健康。能充分满足人体系统需要的，莫过于大自然使人精神充沛的空气和阳光了。耕种土地的人在工作中有健身房中练习的一切动作。他作运动的房间是开阔的田野。苍穹是屋顶，坚固的大地是地板。他在这里又犁又锄，又种又收。且看他，在“割干草的时候”，他又割又耙，又掷又翻，双举又负，又扔又踩，又堆又装。这些不同的活动使全身的骨骼、关节、肌肉、筋腱和神经都活动起来。他充满干劲的活动引起充分、深入、强有力的呼吸，扩大肺活量，洁净血液，通过动脉和静脉发送生命的暖流。在一切习惯上都有节制的农夫，通常享有健康。他的工作对他来说是愉快的。他有好胃口，睡得也好，可以很快乐。{FE 73.3}[11]
§24
Those who combine useful labor with study have no need of gymnastic exercises. And work performed in the open air is tenfold more beneficial to health than in-door labor. Both the mechanic and the farmer have physical exercise, yet the farmer is the healthier of the two. Nothing short of natures invigorating air and sunshine will fully meet the demands of the system. The tiller of the soil finds in his labor all the movements that were ever practiced in the gymnasium. His movement-room is the open fields. The canopy of heaven is its roof, the solid earth its floor. Here he plows and hoes, sows and reaps. Watch him, as in haying time he mows and rakes, pitches and tumbles, lifts and loads, throws off, treads down, and stows away. These various movements call into action the bones, joints, muscles, sinews, and nerves of the body. His vigorous exercise causes full, deep, strong inspirations and exhalations, which expand the lungs and purify the blood, sending the warm current of life bounding through arteries and veins. A farmer who is temperate in all his habits, usually enjoys health. His work is pleasant to him. He has a good appetite. He sleeps well, and may be happy. {FE 73.3}[11]
§25
与农夫的活动状况形成对照的，是忽视身体锻炼的学生。他坐在封闭的教室时在，伏在案上，含胸挤肺，无法作充分深入的呼吸。他绞尽脑汁，身体却不活动，好像它没有什么特别的用处。他的血液在全身流动得很慢，脚凉头热。这样的人怎能拥有健康呢？{FE 74.1}[12]
§26
Contrast the condition of the active farmer with that of the student who neglects physical exercise. He sits in a close room, bending over his desk or table, his chest contracted, his lungs crowded. He cannot take full, deep inspirations. His brain is tasked to the utmost, while his body is as inactive as though he had no particular use for it. His blood moves sluggishly through the system. His feet are cold, his head hot. How can such a person have health? {FE 74.1}[12]
§27
学生要经常进行锻炼，以便有充分的深呼吸，将天空使人精神充沛的纯洁空气吸入肺中，他就会成为一个新人。用功学习不象漠视自然律那样很能摧毁学生们的健康。{FE 74.2}[13]
§28
Let the student take regular exercise that will cause him to breathe deep and full, taking into his lungs the pure invigorating air of heaven, and he will be a new being. It is not hard study that is destroying the health of students, so much as it is their disregard of natures laws. {FE 74.2}[13]
§29
在各学府中，应当聘请富有经验的老师教导青年女子们炊事秘诀。家务的知识对于每一位妇女都是无价之宝。有无数家庭的幸福，由于妻子与母亲的无能而遭破坏。我们的女儿去学习绘画、刺绣、音乐，甚至于“立方根，”或修辞学等等，都还不如让她们学习怎样裁剪、缝制和修补自己的衣服，或烹调可口而合乎卫生的饮食那么重要。当女孩子满了九岁或十岁的时候，就应该按照她的能力，让她承担家庭中部分应尽的本分，她对于自己工作时所表现的态度，也要负责任。有人问一位有见识的父亲对他自己的女儿有何期望时，他回答说：“我打算让她们在自己贤淑的母亲跟前，学习那善用光阴的艺术，以便将来配承担妻子和母亲的重责，作一家的主妇和社会的有用分子。”{FE 74.3}[14]
§30
In institutions of learning, experienced teachers should be employed to instruct young ladies in the mysteries of the kitchen. A knowledge of domestic duties is beyond price to every woman. There are families without number whose happiness is wrecked by the inefficiency of the wife and mother. It is not so important that our daughters learn painting, fancy work, music, or even cube root, or the figures of rhetoric, as that they learn how to cut, make, and mend their own clothing, or to prepare food in a wholesome and palatable manner. When a little girl is nine or ten years old, she should be required to take her regular share in household duties, as she is able, and should be held responsible for the manner in which she does her work. That was a wise father, who, when asked what he intended to do with his daughters, replied, I intend to apprentice them to their excellent mother, that they may learn the art of improving time, and be fitted to become wives and mothers, heads of families, and useful members of society. {FE 74.3}[14]
§31
在老式搓衣板上洗衣服、清除、打扫、在厨房和菜园中尽各样本分，对年轻女子来说将是颇有价值的锻炼。这种有益的劳作会取代击球游戏、箭术、舞蹈和无益于任何人的其它娱乐。{FE 74.4}[15]
§32
Washing clothes upon the old-fashioned rubbing-board, sweeping, dusting, and a variety of other duties in the kitchen and the garden, will be valuable exercise for young ladies. Such useful labor will supply the place of croquet, archery, dancing, and other amusements which benefit no one. {FE 74.4}[15]
§33
许多女子受过良好的教育，曾以优异的成绩毕业于某个学府，但对于生活中的实际义务，竟一无所知，十分丢脸。她们缺少适当的持家所必不可少，从而使家庭幸福的资格。她们也许会谈论到妇女的高尚地位和权利，然而她们自己却远落于妇女真正的范畴之外。夏娃的每一个女儿都应该获得充分的家庭义务知识，接受家务中各个部门的训练。每一位青年女子都应该受到适当的教育，好在蒙召充任为妻为母的职分时，能象王后一般治理她自己的辖区。她应有充分的能力教导她的子女，并支配她家中的佣人，若有必要，她也须亲手操持家务。她应该明了人体的构造和卫生的原则、饮食和衣着的事、劳作与消遣之道、以及其他与她家庭福利直接攸关的无数事务。她有权获得医病的最佳方法的知识，好在子女有病时，可以亲自看护，而不必将她的小宝贝完全放在陌生的护士和医生的手中。{FE 75.1}[16]
§34
Many ladies, accounted well-educated, having graduated with honors at some institution of learning, are shamefully ignorant of the practical duties of life. They are destitute of the qualifications necessary for the proper regulation of the family, and hence essential to its happiness. They may talk of womans elevated sphere, and of her rights, yet they themselves fall far below the true sphere of woman. It is the right of every daughter of Eve to have a thorough knowledge of household duties, to receive training in every department of domestic labor. Every young lady should be so educated that if called to fill the position of wife and mother, she may preside as a queen in her own domain. She should be fully competent to guide and instruct her children and to direct her servants, or, if need be, to minister with her own hands to the wants of her household. It is her right to understand the mechanism of the human body and the principles of hygiene, the matters of diet and dress, labor and recreation, and countless others that intimately concern the well-being of her household. It is her right to obtain such a knowledge of the best methods of treating disease that she can care for her children in sickness, instead of leaving her precious treasures in the hands of stranger nurses and physicians. {FE 75.1}[16]
§35
对实际有用的劳作一无所知，乃是现今所谓真正的绅士、淑女必须具有的特征，这种观念是与上帝创造人类原有的旨意背道而驰的。闲懒乃是一种罪过，而对于一般的义务懵然不知则是愚妄的后果，在日后的生活中，将成为许多痛苦悔恨的根由。{FE 75.2}[17]
§36
The idea that ignorance of useful employment is an essential characteristic of the true gentleman or lady, is contrary to the design of God in the creation of man. Idleness is a sin, and ignorance of common duties is the result of folly, which afterlife will give ample occasion to bitterly regret. {FE 75.2}[17]
§37
凡以侍奉和尊荣上帝为自己人生准则的人，必留意使徒的吩咐：“你们或吃或喝，无论做什么，都要为荣耀上帝而行”（林前10:31）。这种学生会在面对试探时保持自己的纯正，从学校出来时也会有发育完全的智力和身心灵的健康。——《时兆》1882年6 月29日。{FE 75.3}[18]
§38
Those who make it their rule of life to serve and honor God will give heed to the apostles injunction, Whether ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God. Such students will preserve their integrity in the face of temptation, and will come from school with well-developed intellects, and with health of body and health of soul.--Signs of the Times, June 29, 1882. {FE 75.3}[18]