第06章 家庭和学校
§1
第06章 家庭和学校
§2
Chap. 06 - The Home and the School
§3
当今时代自夸前人从未象现在这么容易获得知识，或在教育方面表现出这么普遍的兴趣。可是尽管有这种自夸的进步，在年轻的一代中却有空前的不顺从和不顾一切的精神；心智与道德的堕落可谓遍及普世了。流行的教育并不清除罪恶。许多学府中纪律松弛，几乎摧毁了它们的效用，在有些情况下使它们成了咒诅而非福气。人们看到这个事实并且感到痛心，作出认真的努力要弥补我们教育体系中的缺陷。极需有这样的学校：青少年可以在其中受训养成自制、用功和自力更生、尊敬师长和敬畏上帝的习惯。若有这种训练，我们就可指望看到青年预备好尊荣他们的创造主，造福他们的同胞。{FE 64.1}[1]
§4
It is the boast of the present age that never before did men possess so great facilities for the acquirement of knowledge, or manifest so general an interest in education. Yet despite this vaunted progress, there exists an unparalleled spirit of insubordination and recklessness in the rising generation; mental and moral degeneracy are well-nigh universal. Popular education does not remedy the evil. The lax discipline in many institutions of learning has nearly destroyed their usefulness, and in some cases rendered them a curse rather than a blessing. This fact has been seen and deplored, and earnest efforts have been made to remedy the defects in our educational system. There is urgent need of schools in which the youth may be trained to habits of self-control, application, and self-reliance, of respect for superiors and reverence for God. With such training, we might hope to see the young prepared to honor their Creator and to bless their fellow men. {FE 64.1}[1]
§5
为了达到这些目标，我们才建立了巴特尔克里克学院。但那些尽力完成这种工作的人，却发现他们的事业充满了许多严重的困难。其中常常抵消最佳教师们的努力的基本弊端，就是在家庭纪律方面的。父母们没有看出保护儿女不受这时代镀金试探的重要性。他们既没有正确地控制自己，也就不会正确地赏识自制的价值。{FE 64.2}[2]
§6
It was to secure these objects that our own College at Battle Creek was founded. But those who endeavor to accomplish such a work, find that their undertaking is fraught with many and grave difficulties. The evil which underlies all others, and which often counteracts the efforts of the best instructors, is to be found in the home discipline. Parents do not see the importance of shielding their children from the gilded temptations of this age. They do not exercise proper control themselves, and hence do not rightly appreciate its value. {FE 64.2}[2]
§7
许多作父母的犯了错误，没有支持忠心教师的努力。青年和儿童的理解力和判断力都没有发育完全，不一定明白教师的全部计划和方法。可是当他们把在学校说了什么和做了什么传到家里时，父母们就在家庭圈子里讨论这些事，口无遮拦地批评老师的做法。孩子就由此学到了难以忘却的教训。每当他们受到不习惯的约束，或要他们用功学习时，他们就呼吁不明智的父母同情他们、纵容他们。这样，就助长了一种不安不满的精神，使老师的担子更加沉重了。但承受最大损失的是父母管教不善的受害者。藉着正确的训练原可纠正的品格缺陷，却未予以纠正，反而随年增强，损害甚至摧毁拥有这些缺陷之人的效用。{FE 64.3}[3]
§8
Many fathers and mothers err in failing to second the efforts of the faithful teacher. Youth and children, with their imperfect comprehension and undeveloped judgment, are not always able to understand all the teachers plans and methods. Yet when they bring home reports of what is said and done at school, these are discussed by the parents in the family circle, and the course of the teacher is criticised without restraint. Here the children learn lessons that are not easily unlearned. Whenever they are subjected to unaccustomed restraint, or required to apply themselves to hard study, they appeal to their injudicious parents for sympathy and indulgence. Thus a spirit of unrest and discontent is encouraged, the school as a whole suffers from the demoralizing influence, and the teachers burden is rendered much heavier. But the greatest loss is sustained by the victims of parental mismanagement. Defects of character which a right training would have corrected, are left to strengthen with years, to mar and perhaps destroy the usefulness of their possessor. {FE 64.3}[3]
§9
通常，最乐于报怨学校纪律的是那些受了肤浅教育的学生。他们既从未受教知道周到彻底的必要性，就看它是讨厌的。父母们疏于训练自己的儿女忠心履行家庭义务。孩子们蒙允许把数小时花在玩耍上，而父母却在不停地操劳。很少有年轻人认为自己有义务分担家庭的重担。他们没有受教知道：放纵食欲或追求安逸快乐并非人生的大目标。{FE 65.1}[4]
§10
As a rule it will be found that the students most ready to complain of school discipline are those who have received a superficial education. Having never been taught the necessity of thoroughness, they regard it with dislike. Parents have neglected to train their sons and daughters to the faithful performance of domestic duties. Children are permitted to spend their hours in play, while father and mother toil on unceasingly. Few young persons feel that it is their duty to bear a part of the family burden. They are not taught that the indulgence of appetite, or the pursuit of ease or pleasure, is not the great aim of life. {FE 65.1}[4]
§11
家庭圈子乃是学校，孩童在其中领受最初也最持久的教训。因此父母们应当多在家里，藉着言传身教教导自己的儿女敬爱上帝、聪明、爱交际、充满感情、养成勤奋、节俭、舍己的习惯。父母们藉着在家中给儿女慈爱、同情和鼓励，可以为他们提供一个安全愉快的退休之所，避免世上的许多试探。{FE 65.2}[5]
§12
The family circle is the school in which the child receives its first and most enduring lessons. Hence parents should be much at home. By precept and example, they should teach their children the love and the fear of God; teach them to be intelligent, social, affectionate, to cultivate habits of industry, economy, and self-denial. By giving their children love, sympathy, and encouragement at home, parents may provide for them a safe and welcome retreat from many of the worlds temptations. {FE 65.2}[5]
§13
作父亲的说：“我没有工夫，我抽不出一点工夫来训练我的儿女，我甚至没有工夫享受社交和天伦之乐。”这样，你就原本不该负起家庭的责任。你既然不给孩子们所应享有的时间，就等于剥夺了他们在你手中所该领受的教育。你若有儿女，就有一分当作之工，要与作母亲的协力合作培养他们的品格。那些认为自己有紧急任务要为社会进步而辛劳，同时自己的儿女却不受管教地长大的人，应该扪心自问：我是不是搞错了自己的本分。他们自己的家就是第一块传道园地，作父母的要在其中劳苦作工。那些撇下家庭花园，任其生长荆棘和蒺藜，同时却对邻舍土地的开垦极感兴趣的人，是在漠视上帝的道。{FE 65.3}[6]
§14
No time, says the father, I have no time to give to the training of my children, no time for social and domestic enjoyments. Then you should not have taken upon yourself the responsibility of a family. By withholding from them the time which is justly theirs, you rob them of the education which they should have at your hands. If you have children, you have a work to do, in union with the mother, in the formation of their characters. Those who feel that they have an imperative call to labor for the improvement of society, while their own children grow up undisciplined, should inquire if they have not mistaken their duty. Their own household is the first missionary field in which parents are required to labor. Those who leave the home garden to grow up to thorns and briers, while they manifest great interest in the cultivation of their neighbors plot of ground, are disregarding the word of God. {FE 65.3}[6]
§15
我再说：正是因为缺乏爱与虔诚，并且在家中疏忽了适当的训练，才在学校和大学中引起了这么多困难。在自称基督徒的人中间有一种可怕的冷漠和无动于衷。他们无情、没有慈悲心、不饶恕人。这些邪恶的特性先是在家中得到纵容，然后在日常生活中对凡与他们交往的人发挥了有害的影响。父母和儿女若是怀存了仁慈谦恭的精神，也会在老师与学生的交往中表现出来。基督应该是家庭圈子中的一位贵宾，课堂上同样需要祂的同在。但愿上帝改变人心的能力软化折服父母和儿女、老师和学生的心，把他们改变成基督的样式。{FE 66.1}[7]
§16
I repeat, it is the lack of love and piety, and the neglect of proper discipline at home, that creates so much difficulty in schools and colleges. There is a fearful state of coldness and apathy among professed Christians. They are unfeeling, uncharitable, unforgiving. These evil traits, first indulged at home, exert their baleful influence in all the associations of daily life. If the spirit of kindness and courtesy were cherished by parents and children, it would be seen also in the intercourse between teacher and pupil. Christ should be an honored guest in the family circle, and His presence is no less needed in the class room. Would that the converting power of God might soften and subdue the hearts of parents and children, teachers and students, and transform them into the likeness of Christ. {FE 66.1}[7]
§17
作父母的应该谨慎虔诚地研究儿女的品格，设法压制和约束那些太显著的特性，鼓励那些可能不足的特性，从而获得和谐的发育。这不是一件轻而易举的事。作父亲的可能不认为疏忽训练自己的孩子是一桩大罪，但上帝确实看这是一桩大罪。基督徒父母需要在这个问题上有完全的改变。罪行正在他们身上积累，而他们行事的结果延及他们的子子孙孙。那不均衡的心志、急躁的脾气、易怒、猜忌、和嫉妒等都见证了父母的疏忽。这些邪恶的品格特性使其拥有者十分不快乐。多少人因此而没能得到同伴及朋友们的爱，如果他们多一些和蔼可亲，原可得到的。多少人无论何往，无论作何事，都在引起麻烦！{FE 66.2}[8]
§18
Fathers and mothers should carefully and prayerfully study the characters of their children. They should seek to repress and restrain those traits that are too prominent, and to encourage others which may be deficient, thus securing harmonious development. This is no light matter. The father may not consider it a great sin to neglect the training of his children; but thus does God regard it. Christian parents need a thorough conversion upon this subject. Guilt is accumulating upon them, and the consequences of their actions reach down from their own children to childrens children. The ill-balanced mind, the hasty temper, the fretfulness, envy, or jealousy, bear witness to parental neglect. These evil traits of character bring great unhappiness to their possessors. How many fail to receive from companions and friends the love which they might have, if they were more amiable. How many create trouble wherever they go, and in whatever they are engaged! {FE 66.2}[8]
§19
儿女有权提出父母应当予以承认并尊重的要求。他们有权享受一种教育与训练，能将他们造就成为今世社会上有用的、受尊重、受爱戴的分子，并赋予他们一种道德上的资格，配参与那纯洁圣善的来生社会。青年都应受教，明白他们现在和将来的福利大半系于儿童和青年时期所养成的习惯。他们自幼就应该惯于服从、克己，并顾及别人的福乐。他们当受教遏制暴躁易怒的性情，不出愤激的言语，表现一贯的亲切、礼貌和自制。作父母的应当以此为终生的学业，好使自己的儿女成为品格上近乎完全的人，就是人的努力与上帝的帮助相结合所能使他们达到的程度。他们既然把儿女生到世上，就已承担了这项工作及其一切意义与责任。{FE 67.1}[9]
§20
Children have claims which their parents should acknowledge and respect. They have a right to such an education and training as will make them useful, respected, and beloved members of society here, and give them a moral fitness for the society of the pure and holy hereafter. The young should be taught that both their present and their future well-being depend to a great degree on the habits they form in childhood and youth. They should be early accustomed to submission, self-denial, and a regard for others happiness. They should be taught to subdue the hasty temper, to withhold the passionate word, to manifest unvarying kindness, courtesy, and self-control. Fathers and mothers should make it their life-study that their children may become as nearly perfect in character as human effort, combined with divine aid, can make them. This work, with all its importance and responsibility, they have accepted, in that they have brought children into the world. {FE 67.1}[9]
§21
作父母的若是愿意按照主的教训和警诫养育自己的儿女，就必须留意使自己的内心和生活受上帝的规则控制。他们无权烦躁、责骂和嘲笑。他们决不应该嘲弄自己儿女乖僻的品格特性，那正是他们自己遗传给儿女的。这种训练模式决不会消除罪恶。父母们哪，要用上帝之道的训诲警诫和责备你们任性的孩子。要把你们的要求说明是“耶和华如此说”。来自上帝之道的责备远比父母口中发出的刺耳的恼怒之音有效。{FE 67.2}[10]
§22
Parents must see that their own hearts and lives are controlled by the divine precepts, if they would bring up their children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. They are not authorized to fret and scold and ridicule. They should never taunt their children with perverse traits of character, which they themselves have transmitted to them. This mode of discipline will never cure the evil. Parents, bring the precepts of Gods word to admonish and reprove your wayward children. Show them a thus saith the Lord for your requirements. A reproof which comes as the word of God is far more effective than one falling in harsh, angry tones from the lips of parents. {FE 67.2}[10]
§23
何时若有必要拒绝孩童的想望或反对他的心意，就应使他深深体会到此举并非为满足父母的心意，或滥用专横的权威，而是为其本身的益处。他当受教明白，凡未加以纠正的缺点，必给他自己带来忧愁苦恼，还要使上帝不悦。在这种管教之下，孩童们必能发现到自己最大的幸福在于将自己的意志降服于他们天父的旨意。{FE 68.1}[11]
§24
Wherever it seems necessary to deny the wishes or oppose the will of a child, he should be seriously impressed with the thought that this is not done for the gratification of the parents, or to indulge arbitrary authority, but for his own good. He should be taught that every fault uncorrected will bring unhappiness to himself, and will displease God. Under such discipline, children will find their greatest happiness in submitting their own will to the will of their Heavenly Father. {FE 68.1}[11]
§25
有些父母——也有些老师——似乎忘了自己也做过孩子。他们严厉、冷酷、无情。他们无论在哪里与年轻人接触——在家里、在走读学校里、在安息日学或教会里——都保持那副权威的架势，脸上习惯性地带有一种严肃、责备的表情。孩子的戏嬉、撒野和活泼好动的生活，在他们看来是不可原谅的。琐小的过错他们视为大罪。这并不是基督化的教育。凡如此受训的小孩子必惧怕父母或老师，并不爱他们，也不敢向父母透露自己幼稚的经历。于是他们心思意念上一些最贵重的品质，就象一株幼嫩的树苗在严冬的寒风中冻死了。{FE 68.2}[12]
§26
Some parents -- and some teachers, as well -- seem to forget that they themselves were once children. They are dignified, cold, and unsympathetic. Wherever they are brought in contact with the young,-- at home, in the day school, the Sabbath school, or the church,-- they maintain the same air of authority, and their faces habitually wear a solemn, reproving expression. Childish mirth or waywardness, the restless activity of the young life, finds no excuse in their eyes. Trifling misdemeanors are treated as grave sins. Such discipline is not Christlike. Children thus trained fear their parents or teachers, but do not love them; they do not confide to them their childish experiences. Some of the most valuable qualities of mind and heart are chilled to death, as a tender plant before the wintry blast. {FE 68.2}[12]
§27
作父母的人哪，微笑吧，作老师的人哪，微笑吧。你们心中若有忧伤，也不要露在脸上。要让那发自仁爱与感恩之心的阳光照亮你们的面容。要卸下你们的铁面威严，使自己适应儿童的需要，使他们爱你们。你们若想以宗教的真理来感化他们的心，就必须博得他们的爱。{FE 68.3}[13]
§28
Smile, parents; smile, teachers. If your heart is sad, let not your face reveal the fact. Let the sunshine from a loving, grateful heart light up the countenance. Unbend from your iron dignity, adapt yourselves to the childrens needs, and make them love you. You must win their affection, if you would impress religious truth upon their heart. {FE 68.3}[13]
§29
耶稣爱孩童。祂记得自己也曾是一个小孩，祂慈善的面容赢得了小孩子们的爱戴。他们喜欢在祂身边玩耍，用他们单纯的小手抚摸祂慈爱的脸庞。当希伯来母亲们把自己的婴孩带来要亲爱的救主祝福时，门徒们认为这事太不重要了，不值得打断祂的教导。但耶稣理解那些母亲心中恳切的渴望，便制止祂的门徒，说：“让小孩子到我这里来，不要禁止他们；因为在天国的，正是这样的人”（太19:14）。{FE 68.4}[14]
§30
Jesus loved the children. He remembered that He was once a child, and His benevolent countenance won the affections of the little ones. They loved to play around Him, and to stroke that loving face with their innocent hands. When the Hebrew mothers brought their babes to be blessed by the dear Saviour the disciples deemed the errand of too little importance to interrupt His teachings. But Jesus read the earnest longing of those mothers hearts, and checking His disciples, He said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto Me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven. {FE 68.4}[14]
§31
父母们哪，你们有一项工作要为自己的儿女作成，是别人做不了的。你们不能把自己的责任转给别人。父亲对自己儿女的责任不能转移给母亲。母亲就算尽自己的本分，也有足够的担子要担。父亲母亲只有联合同工，才能完成上帝交在他们手中的工作。{FE 69.1}[15]
§32
Parents, you have a work to do for your children which no other can do. You cannot shift your responsibilities upon another. The fathers duty to his children cannot be transferred to the mother. If she performs her own duty, she has burden enough to bear. Only by working in unison, can the father and mother accomplish the work which God has committed to their hands. {FE 69.1}[15]
§33
父母和儿女用在得财上、同时却忽视智力进步和道德修养的光阴比浪费了还糟糕。地上的财富必定过去；但品格的高贵、道德的价值却必永远长存。父母的工作若作得好，就必历经永恒证明他们的智慧和信实。那些掏腰包绞尽脑汁要给自己的家人提供昂贵的衣服和珍馐美味、或使家人一直不知道有益劳作的人，只会得到他们被宠坏的孩子们的骄傲、嫉妒、任性和不尊重。{FE 69.2}[16]
§34
That time is worse than lost to parents and children which is devoted to the acquirement of wealth, while mental improvement and moral culture are neglected. Earthly treasures must pass away; but nobility of character, moral worth, will endure forever. If the work of parents be well done, it will through eternity testify of their wisdom and faithfulness. Those who tax their purses and their ingenuity to the utmost to provide for their households costly apparel and dainty food, or to maintain them in ignorance of useful labor, will be repaid only by the pride, envy, willfulness, and disrespect of their spoiled children. {FE 69.2}[16]
§35
年轻人需要从他们幼年起就有一道坚固的屏障建造在他们和世界之间，以便世界的败坏影响不致侵袭他们。父母们必须不断警醒，好使他们的儿女不致失去上帝。若是人们认为年轻人拥有美好的品格和亲切的性情，象他们在服装和行为上效法世界的时尚那么重要，我们就会看到今日在有一个人的地方，有数百人预备好登上人生的舞台，对社会发挥一种高尚的感化力。{FE 69.3}[17]
§36
The young need to have a firm barrier built up from their infancy between them and the world, that its corrupting influence may not affect them. Parents must exercise increasing watchfulness, that their children be not lost to God. If it were considered as important that the young possess a beautiful character and amiable disposition as it is that they imitate the fashions of the world in dress and deportment, we would see hundreds where there is one today coming upon the stage of active life prepared to exert an ennobling influence upon society. {FE 69.3}[17]
§37
父母教育、指导和训练儿女的工作是其它一切工作的基础。作父母的若是没有尽到自己的本分，最佳教师的努力就往往结不出什么果子。上帝的道必须总是作他们的向导。我们并不努力提出一个新的职责。我们是把审判我们工作的圣经的教训摆在众人面前，并且问：这是我们作基督徒父母的正在努力达到的标准吗？——《评论与通讯》1882年3月21日。{FE 69.4}[18]
§38
The parents work of education, instruction, and discipline underlies every other. The efforts of the best teachers must often bear little fruit, if fathers and mothers fail to act their part with faithfulness. Gods word must ever be their guide. We do not endeavor to present a new line of duty. We set before all the teachings of that word by which our work must be judged, and we inquire, Is this the standard which we as Christian parents are endeavoring to reach?--Review and Herald, March 21, 1882. {FE 69.4}[18]