第34章 消化的生理学
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第34章 消化的生理学
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Chap. 34—Physiology of Digestion
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许多人耽溺于睡前吃东西的有害习惯。他们可能已吃饱了三顿正常的餐食，但却有了疲弱的感觉，似是肚饿一样，因此要再吃一餐。由于放纵这种错行，结果养成了一种习惯，他们觉得在寝前非吃一顿宵夜，便不能人睡。在许多的情形下，这种疲弱的感觉乃是因为日间频频进食，将大量食物强塞进胃中，使胃过劳于处理此类对健康无益的食物所致。消化器官因过劳而疲惫，亟需一段停工完全休息的时间，来恢复其已经衰竭的精力。在胃消化前一餐的食物而有时间休息之前，是决不应该再吃第二餐的。若是要吃第三餐，也当以清淡为宜，并要在就寝前数小时吃。{TSDF 126.1}[1]
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How to Live, 1:55-57
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Many indulge in the pernicious habit of eating just before sleeping hours. They may have taken three regular meals; yet because they feel a sense of faintness, as though hungry, will eat a lunch or fourth meal. By indulging this wrong practice, it has become a habit, and they feel as though they could not sleep without taking a lunch before retiring. In many cases, the cause of this faintness is because the digestive organs have been already too severely taxed through the day in disposing of unwholesome food forced upon the stomach too frequently, and in too great quantities. The digestive organs thus taxed become weary, and need a period of entire rest from labor to recover their exhausted energies. A second meal should never be eaten until the stomach has had time to rest from the labor of digesting the preceding meal. If a third meal be eaten at all, it should be light, and several hours before going to bed.?{TSDF 126.1}[1]
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但许多人对这可怜而疲劳的胃所发的怨言，却充耳不闻。他们强纳更多的食物使消化器官作工，在睡眠的几个钟头之内，再进行同样的操劳。这种睡眠大半为恶梦所扰，到了早晨醒起之时，他们没精打采，而有一种无法再振作起来的疲惫及没有胃口的感觉。周身觉得没有气力。在短短的时间之内，消化器官因为一直没有休息，而精疲力尽。这等人变成了悲惨的消化不良病者，却不知道是什么原因。有因必有果。……{TSDF 126.2}[2]
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But with many, the poor tired stomach may complain of weariness in vain. More food is forced upon it, which sets the digestive organs in motion, again to perform the same round of labor through the sleeping hours. The sleep of such is generally disturbed with unpleasant dreams, and in the morning they awake unrefreshed. There is a sense of languor and loss of appetite. A lack of energy is felt through the entire system. In a short time the digestive organs are worn out, for they have had no time to rest. These become miserable dyspeptics, and wonder what has made them so. The cause has brought the sure result....?{TSDF 126.2}[2]
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当我们睡下休息时，胃是应当作完其全部的工作，好使它能享受休息，正如身体的其它部分一样。在睡眠的任何时间内，胃不应进行消化的工作。已经过度操劳的胃，在进行其工作之后，便会感觉精疲力尽而引起晕眩。许多人在此受了欺骗，以为是缺乏食物才发生这种感觉。他们不但不给胃有时间休息来消除晕眩，反而吃进更多的食物。他们越是放纵食欲，便越发贪图满足口腹之欲。这种晕眩通常是吃肉、频频进食和吃得太多的结果。胃因为时刻不停地工作，处理那不是最健康的食物，以致很疲劳。由于没有时间休息，消化器官变成衰弱，从此便有了“软弱”的感觉，并想望频频进食。挽救此病之道，在乎减少频频进食的次数及减少进食的分量，而以清淡简单的食物为满足，每天吃两次或至多三次为限。胃必须按有规则的时间操劳及休息。饮食无规律，在两餐之间吃零食，乃是最有害地干犯健康律法。若有有规律的习惯和适当的食物，胃就会逐渐复原。（2SM 414，415）{TSDF 126.3}[3]
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The stomach, when we lie down to rest, should have its work all done, that it may enjoy rest, as well as other portions of the body. The work of digestion should not be carried on through any period of the sleeping hours. After the stomach, which has been overtaxed, has performed its task, it becomes exhausted, which causes faintness. Here many are deceived, and think that it is the want of food which produces such feelings, and without giving the stomach time to rest, they take more food, which for the time removes the faintness. And the more the appetite is indulged, the more will be its clamors for gratification. This faintness is generally the result of meat-eating, and eating frequently, and too much. The stomach becomes weary by being kept constantly at work, disposing of food not the most healthful. Having no time for rest, the digestive organs become enfeebled, hence the sense of “goneness,” and desire for frequent eating. The remedy such require, is to eat less frequently and less liberally, and be satisfied with plain, simple food, eating twice, or, at most, three times a day. The stomach must have its regular periods for labor and rest, hence eating irregularly and between meals, is a most pernicious violation of the laws of health. With regular habits, and proper food, the stomach will gradually recover.?{TSDF 126.3}[3]
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运动对消化不良的人有益，因为它会使消化器官强健。人在饮食之后立刻从事深入的研究或剧烈的运动，是会阻碍消化过程的；因为那本应用以进行消化工作的身体活力，被调到其他部位。但饭后若挺身昂首，稍作散步，从事轻微的运动，那就大有益处。思想会从自己身上转移到自然的美景上。人越少注意到胃就越好。你如果一直担心食物对你有害，就多半会有此后果。要忘记你的烦恼，多想愉快的事。（CTBH 101）{TSDF 126.4}[4]
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Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 101
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Exercise aids the dyspeptic by giving the digestive organs a healthy tone. To engage in deep study or violent exercise immediately after eating, hinders the digestive process; for the vitality of the system, which is needed to carry on the work of digestion, is called away to other parts. But a short walk after a meal, with the head erect and the shoulders back, exercising moderately, is a great benefit. The mind is diverted from self to the beauties of nature. The less the attention is called to the stomach, the better. If you are in constant fear that your food will hurt you, it most assuredly will. Forget your troubles; think of something cheerful.?{TSDF 126.4}[4]
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有些健康改革者总是忧虑，因为担心他们的食物无论多么清淡而且有益健康，都会伤害他们。我要对他们说：不要以为你们的食物会伤害你们；而要在你们按照自己最佳的判断吃喝并且求主赐福食物时，就相信祂听了你们的祈求，安心去吃。（CTBH 59）{TSDF 126.5}[5]
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Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 59
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Some health reformers are continually worrying for fear their food, however simple and healthful, will hurt them. To these let me say: Do not think that your food is going to hurt you; but when you have eaten according to your best judgment , and have asked the Lord to bless the food, believe that He has heard your prayer, and be at rest.?{TSDF 126.5}[5]
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饮食不可过冷或过热。冷食会吸收胃的动力加热后再得到消化。冷饮的害处也是这个原因。过量的热饮也会导致衰弱。事实上进餐时摄入的汤水越多，食物就越难消化；因为水分必须先吸收，消化才能开始。（MH 305）{TSDF 126.6}[6]
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The Ministry of Healing, 305
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Food should not be eaten very hot or very cold. If food is cold, the vital force of the stomach is drawn upon in order to warm it before digestion can take place. Cold drinks are injurious for the same reason; while the free use of hot drinks is debilitating. In fact, the more liquid there is taken with the meals, the more difficult it is for the food to digest; for the liquid must be absorbed before digestion can begin.?{TSDF 126.6}[6]
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许多人在吃饭时喝冷水，这是错了。不应用水把食物冲下去。吃饭时喝水会减少唾液的流动；而且水越冷，对胃的伤害就越大。若是在吃饭时喝冰水或冰柠檬水，就会阻止消化，直到身体系统给予胃足够的温暖，使它能继续工作。要慢慢咀嚼，让唾液与食物混和。?{TSDF 126.7}[7]
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Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 51-52
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Many make a mistake in drinking cold water with their meals. Food should not be washed down. Taken with meals, water diminishes the flow of the saliva; and the colder the water, the greater the injury to the stomach. Ice-water or ice-lemonade, taken with meals, will arrest digestion until the system has imparted sufficient warmth to the stomach to enable?it to take up its work again. Masticate slowly, and allow the saliva to mingle with the food.{TSDF 126.7}[7]
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吃饭时喝进的液体越多，就越难消化食物，因为必须先把液体吸收掉。……{TSDF 127.1}[8]
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The more liquid there is taken into the stomach with the meals, the more difficult it is for the food to digest; for the liquid must first be absorbed....?{TSDF 127.1}[8]
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为了获得健康的消化力，应当慢慢地吃东西。凡想避免消化不良的人，和凡认识到自己有责任使一切的能力都处在能使他们向上帝献上最佳服务状况的人，最好记住这一点。如果你吃饭的时间有限，也不要囫囵吞下你的食物，而要少吃些，且要慢慢咀嚼。从食物得到的益处并不很依赖于所吃的数量，而是依赖于食物的完全消化；满足口味也不在于所吞下的食物的数量，而在于它在口中存留的时间。那些兴奋、焦急或匆匆忙忙的人，最好先别吃，直到他们有时间休息或放松，因为重要的能力已经严重消耗，不能提供所需要的消化液了。（CTBH 51）{TSDF 127.2}[9]
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In order to secure healthy digestion, food should be eaten slowly. Those who wish to avoid dyspepsia, and those who realize their obligation to keep all their powers in a condition which will enable them to render the best service to God, will do well to remember this. If your time to eat is limited, do not bolt your food, but eat less, and masticate slowly. The benefit derived from food does not depend so much on the quantity eaten, as on its thorough digestion; nor the gratification of taste so much on the amount of food swallowed, as on the length of time it remains in the mouth. Those who are excited, anxious, or in a hurry, would do well not to eat until they have found rest or relief; for the vital powers, already severely taxed, can not supply the necessary digestive fluids.?{TSDF 127.2}[9]
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饮食还有一个严重的弊端就是时间不相宜。在激烈运动之后，人已经筋疲力尽，浑身发热。如果进食，就会给神经系统过重的负担。饭前或饭后身心若是剧烈地活动，消化就受到阻碍。人在兴奋、匆忙或焦虑的时候最好不要马上进食，不如先休息放松一下。{TSDF 127.3}[10]
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The Ministry of Healing, 306
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Another serious evil is eating at improper times, as after violent or excessive exercise, when one is much exhausted or heated. Immediately after eating there is a strong draft upon the nervous energies; and when mind or body is heavily taxed just before or just after eating, digestion is hindered. When one is excited, anxious, or hurried, it is better not to eat until rest or relief is found.?{TSDF 127.3}[10]
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胃与大脑关系密切。胃生病时，大脑就输送神经的力量去帮助衰弱的消化器官。这种要求若过于频繁，大脑就会充血。人如果用脑多而运动少，就连清淡的食物也不可吃得太多。吃饭时要抛弃一切烦恼挂虑，不要慌张。要慢慢地吃，快乐地吃，满心感谢上帝的一切福气。（MH305， 306）{TSDF 127.4}[11]
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The stomach is closely related to the brain; and when the stomach is diseased, the nerve power is called from the brain to the aid of the weakened digestive organs. When these demands are too frequent, the brain becomes congested. When the brain is constantly taxed, and there is lack of physical exercise, even plain food should be eaten sparingly. At meal time cast off care and anxious thought; do not feel hurried, but eat slowly and with cheerfulness, with your heart filled with gratitude to God for all His blessings.?{TSDF 127.4}[11]
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饮食过度对胃有何影响呢？它变得衰弱了，消化系统各器官衰弱不堪，其结果便是疾病及其一连串的祸害接踵而来。如果人本来就患有疾病，此时就会更加难受，而在日常的生活上萎靡不振。他们把精力消耗于不必要的工作上，要处理那填进胃中过多的食物。（2T.364）{TSDF 127.5}[12]
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Testimonies for the Church 2:364
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And what influence does over-eating have upon the stomach? It becomes debilitated, the digestive organs are weakened, and disease, with all its train of evils, is brought on as the result. If persons were diseased before, they thus increase the difficulties upon them, and lessen their vitality every day they live. They call their vital powers into unnecessary action to take care of the food that they place in their stomachs.?{TSDF 127.5}[12]
§34
我的弟兄啊，你的头脑麻痹了。你现在的饭量是一个体力劳动者的饭量。锻炼对于消化和身心的健康都很重要。你需要锻炼身体。你的动作举止好像木头人，似乎没有弹性。你需要健康积极的锻炼。这会使你的心智有活力。在吃饱后不要立刻从事学习或剧烈的运动；这会违背身体的生理规律。饭后立时需要征用大量的神经活力。脑力会被调动去积极工作，帮助胃消化食物；所以，若是在饭后使心思或身体过劳，消化过程就会受阻。本来需要用来进行一方面工作的身体活力，却被调去开始另一方面的工作了。（2T.413）{TSDF 127.6}[13]
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Testimonies for the Church 2:413
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My brother, your brain is benumbed. A man who disposes of the quantity of food that you do, should be a laboring man. Exercise is important to digestion, and to a healthy condition of body and mind. You need physical exercise. You move and act as if you were wooden, as though you had no elasticity. Healthy, active exercise is what you need. This will invigorate the mind. Neither study nor violent exercise should be engaged in immediately after a full meal; this would be a violation of the laws of the system. Immediately after eating there is a strong draught upon the nervous energy. The brain force is called into active exercise to assist the stomach; therefore, when the mind or body is taxed heavily after eating, the process of digestion is hindered. The vitality of the system, which is needed to carry on the work in one direction, is called away and set to work in another.?{TSDF 127.6}[13]
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要给肺部以最大的自由。自由的活动使肺的容量扩大。若受到抑制挤压，肺的容量就会缩小。所以弯腰工作，尤其是坐着工作，是很有害的；因为这种姿势无法作深呼吸。浅呼吸很快就形成了习惯，肺就失去了膨胀力。束胸的害处也是如此。……{TSDF 127.7}[14]
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The Ministry of Healing, 272-273
§39
The lungs should be allowed the greatest freedom possible. Their capacity is developed by free action; it diminishes if they are cramped and compressed. Hence the ill effects of the practice so common, especially in sedentary pursuits, of stooping at one’s work. In this position it is impossible to breathe deeply. Superficial breathing soon becomes a habit, and the lungs lose their power to expand. A similar effect is produced by tight lacing....?{TSDF 127.7}[14]
§40
于是人体吸收的氧气就不足；血液循环减慢了。本来应该随着呼吸排出体外的有毒废物留了下来。血液变得不纯。不仅是肺，连胃，肝和大脑也受到了影响。皮肤泛黄，消化受阻，心脏压抑，思想混乱，精神沮丧，全身萎靡不振，特别容易患病。（MH 272，273）{TSDF 127.8}[15]
§41
Thus an insufficient supply of oxygen is received. The blood moves sluggishly. The waste, poisonous matter, which should be thrown off in the exhalations from the lungs, is retained, and the blood becomes impure. Not only the lungs, but the stomach, liver, and brain are affected. The skin becomes sallow, digestion is retarded; the heart depressed; the brain is clouded; the thoughts are confused; gloom settles upon the spirits; the whole system becomes depressed and inactive, and peculiarly susceptible to disease.?{TSDF 127.8}[15]
§42
纯洁新鲜之空气的影响乃是使血液健康地循环全身。它更新身体，使之强壮健康，同时它也明显地影响人的心思，使人有一定程度的沉着平静。它激发人的食欲，使食物的消化更完全，导致安稳甜美的睡眠。（1T 702）{TSDF 127.9}[16]
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Testimonies for the Church 1:702
§44
The influence of pure, fresh air is to cause the blood to circulate healthfully through the system. It refreshes the body, and tends to render it strong and healthy, while at the same time its influence is decidedly felt upon the mind, imparting a degree of composure and serenity. It excites the appetite, and renders the digestion of food more perfect, and induces sound and sweet sleep.?{TSDF 127.9}[16]
§45
行义为善的意识对于有病的身心是最好的良药。上帝特别的福惠落在接受之人的身上，便是健康和力量。凡在上帝里有安静和知足之心的人，已经登上健康的坦途了。意识到主定晴在我们身上，祂的耳朵也垂听我们的祷告，这实在能使我们心满意足。知道有位永远可靠的朋友，我们可以向祂倾诉心灵中的一切隐秘，实在是言语所无法形容的特权。（1T 502）{TSDF 127.10}[17]
§46
Testimonies for the Church 1:502
§47
The consciousness of right-doing is the best medicine for diseased bodies and minds. The special blessing of God resting upon the receiver is health and strength. A person whose mind is quiet and satisfied in God is in the pathway to health. To have a consciousness that the eyes of the Lord are upon us, and His ears open to our prayers is a satisfaction indeed. To know that we have a never-failing Friend in whom we can confide all the secrets of the soul, is a privilege which words can never express.?{TSDF 127.10}[17]