第30章 用餐的次数
§1
第30章 用餐的次数
§2
Chap. 30—Number of Meals
§3
许多人耽溺于睡前吃东西的有害习惯。他们可能已吃饱了三顿正常的餐食，但却有了疲弱的感觉，似是肚饿一样，因此要再吃一餐。由于放纵这种错行，结果养成了一种习惯，他们觉得在寝前非吃一顿宵夜，便不能人睡。在许多的情形下，这种疲弱的感觉乃是因为日间频频进食，将大量食物强塞进胃中，使胃过劳于处理此类对健康无益的食物所致。消化器官因过劳而疲惫，亟需一段停工完全休息的时间，来恢复其已经衰竭的精力。在胃消化前一餐的食物而有时间休息之前，是决不应该再吃第二餐的。若是要吃第三餐，也当以清淡为宜，并要在就寝前数小时吃。{TSDF 121.7}[1]
§4
How to Live, 1:55-57
§5
Many indulge in the pernicious habit of eating just before sleeping hours. They may have taken three regular meals; yet because they feel a sense of faintness, as though hungry, will eat a lunch, or fourth meal. By indulging this wrong practice, it has become a habit, and they feel as though they could not sleep without taking a lunch before retiring. In many cases, the cause of this faintness is because the digestive organs have been already too severely taxed through the day in disposing of unwholesome food forced upon the stomach too frequently, and in too great quantities. The digestive organs thus taxed become weary, and need a period of entire rest from labor to recover their exhausted energies. A second meal should never be eaten until the stomach has had time to rest from the labor?of digesting the preceding meal. If a third meal be eaten at all, it should be light, and several hours before going to bed.?{TSDF 121.7}[1]
§6
但许多人对这可怜而疲劳的胃所发的怨言，却充耳不闻。他们强纳更多的食物使消化器官作工，在睡眠的几个钟头之内，再进行同样的操劳。这种睡眠大半为恶梦所扰，到了早晨醒起之时，他们没精打采，而有一种无法再振作起来的疲惫及没有胃口的感觉。周身觉得没有气力。在短短的时间之内，消化器官因为一直没有休息，而精疲力尽。这等人变成了悲惨的消化不良病者，却不知道是什么原因。有因必有果。人若长期放纵此种恶习，健康就必严重损坏。血液变得不洁，面色萎黄，往往出现皮疹。你常听到这种人诉苦，说胃部常有痛楚，在从事劳作时，觉得肚子十分辛苦，以致不得不放下工作，需要休息。他们对于这等情形感到莫名其妙；因为除此以外，他们又显然是很健康。{TSDF 122.1}[2]
§7
But with many, the poor tired stomach may complain of weariness in vain. More food is forced upon it, which sets the digestive organs in motion, again to perform the same round of labor through the sleeping hours. The sleep of such is generally disturbed with unpleasant dreams, and in the morning they awake unrefreshed. There is a sense of languor and loss of appetite. A lack of energy is felt through the entire system. In a short time the digestive organs are worn out, for they have had no time to rest. These become miserable dyspeptics, and wonder what has made them so. The cause has brought the sure result. If this practice be indulged in a great length of time, the health will become seriously impaired. The blood becomes impure, the complexion sallow, and eruptions will frequently appear. You will often hear complaints from such, of frequent pains and soreness in the region of the stomach, and while performing labor, the stomach becomes so tired that they are obliged to desist from work and rest. They seem to be at loss to account for this state of things; for, setting this aside, they are apparently healthy.?{TSDF 122.1}[2]
§8
那些把一日三餐改为两餐的人，初时会多少感到晕眩之苦，尤其是在他们惯于进食第三餐时为然。但他们若能坚持一些时间，这种晕眩就会消失了。{TSDF 122.2}[3]
§9
Those who are changing from three meals a day, to two, will at first be troubled more or less with faintness, especially about the time they have been in the habit of eating their third meal. But if they persevere for a short time this faintness will disappear.?{TSDF 122.2}[3]
§10
当我们睡下休息时，胃是应当作完其全部的工作，好使它能享受休息，正如身体的其它部分一样。在睡眠的任何时间内，胃不应进行消化的工作。已经过度操劳的胃，在进行其工作之后，便会感觉精疲力尽而引起晕眩。许多人在此受了欺骗，以为是缺乏食物才发生这种感觉。他们不但不给胃有时间休息来消除晕眩，反而吃进更多的食物。他们越是放纵食欲，便越发贪图满足口腹之欲。这种晕眩通常是吃肉、频频进食和吃得太多的结果。胃因为时刻不停地工作，处理那不是最健康的食物，以致很疲劳。由于没有时间休息，消化器官变成衰弱，从此便有了“软弱”的感觉，并想望频频进食。挽救此病之道，在乎减少频频进食的次数及减少进食的分量，而以清淡简单的食物为满足，每天吃两次或至多三次为限。胃必须按有规则的时间操劳及休息。饮食无规律，在两餐之间吃零食，乃是最有害地干犯健康律法。若有有规律的习惯和适当的食物，胃就会逐渐复原。（2SM 414，415；参CTBH.50，51）{TSDF 122.3}[4]
§11
The stomach, when we lie down to rest, should have its work all done, that it may enjoy rest, as well as other portions of the body. The work of digestion should not be carried on through any period of the sleeping hours. After the stomach, which has been overtaxed, has performed its task, it becomes exhausted, which causes faintness. Here many are deceived, and think that it is the want of food which produces such feelings, and without giving the stomach time to rest, they take more food, which for the time removes the faintness. And the more the appetite is indulged, the more will be its clamors for gratification. This faintness is generally the result of meat-eating, and eating frequently, and too much. The stomach becomes weary by being kept constantly at work, disposing of food not the most healthful. Having no time for rest, the digestive organs become enfeebled, hence the sense of “goneness,” and desire for frequent eating. The remedy such require, is to eat less frequently and less liberally, and be satisfied with plain, simple food, eating twice, or, at most, three times a day. The stomach must have its regular periods for labor and rest, hence eating irregularly and between meals, is a most pernicious violation of the laws of health. With regular habits, and proper food, the stomach will gradually recover. See alsoChristian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 50-51?{TSDF 122.3}[4]
§12
在好几年时间里，我曾以为自己的体力有赖于肉食。我过去是每日三餐，直到数月之前。从上一餐到下一餐之间，我常常胃饿头晕。吃点东西，才能消除这些感觉。我很少让自己在两餐之间吃零食，并且养成了不吃晚餐就去睡觉习惯。从早餐到午餐之间，我感到很饿，常常晕眩。吃肉能暂时消除晕眩的感觉。因此我认定，就我的情形而论，肉食是不可缺少的。{TSDF 122.4}[5]
§13
The Facts of Faith 2:153-154
§14
I have thought for years that I was dependent upon a meat diet for strength. I have eaten three meals a day until within a few months. It has been very difficult for me to go from one meal to another without suffering from faintness at the stomach, and dizziness of the head. Eating would remove these feelings. I seldom allowed myself to eat anything between my regular meals, and have made it a practice to often retire without supper. But I have suffered greatly for want of food from breakfast to dinner, and have frequently fainted. Eating meat removed for the time these faint feelings. I therefore decided that meat was indispensable in my case.?{TSDF 122.4}[5]
§15
可是自从主在1863年6月赐给我关于与健康相关的吃肉的亮光起，我就没有再吃肉了。开始有一阵子，我很难有胃口吃面包，这是我之前一点也不喜欢吃的东西。但是我坚持下来了，结果可以吃了。一年下来，我几乎没有再吃过肉。大约六个月了，我桌上的面包都是无酵饼，是用非精制的面粉与水，再加上一点盐做的。我们大量地使用水果与蔬菜。我已实行二餐制八个月了。我大部分时间用于写作已有一年多了。我埋头写作八个月，不断用脑，很少运动。但我的健康从来没有比过去六个月那么好过。我以前的晕眩之感消失了。过去我每年春天都食欲不振，这个春天我却没有这方面的麻烦。一天两顿清淡的饮食，我们吃得津津有味。我们的餐桌上没有肉，蛋糕和任何油腻的食品。我们也不使用猪油，而是用牛奶，奶油和一些黄油来取代它，我们在准备饭菜时会放一点盐，并加以各种香料。我们七点早餐，一点午餐。我很少有晕眩。我的食欲得到满足。现在我吃起饭来比以前更香。（4aSG 153）{TSDF 122.5}[6]
§16
But since the Lord presented before me, in June, 1863, the subject of meat-eating in relation to health, I have left the use of meat. For a while it was rather difficult to bring my appetite to bread, for which, formerly, I have had but little relish. But by persevering, I have been able to do this, I have lived for nearly one year without meat. For about six months most of the bread upon our table has been unleavened cakes, made of unbolted wheat-meal and water, and a very little salt. We use fruits and vegetables liberally. I have lived for eight months upon two meals a day. I have applied myself to writing the most of the time for above a year. For eight months have been confined closely to writing. My brain has been constantly taxed, and I have had but little exercise. Yet my health has never been better than for the past six months. My former faint and dizzy feelings have left me. I have been troubled every spring with loss of appetite. The last spring I had no trouble in this respect. Our plain food, eaten twice a day, is enjoyed with a keen relish. We have no meat, cake, or any rich food upon our table. We use no lard but in its place, milk, cream, and some butter. We have our food prepared with but little salt, and have dispensed with spices of all kinds. We breakfast at seven, and take our dinner at one. It is seldom I have a faint feeling. My appetite is satisfied. My food is eaten with a greater relish than ever before.?{TSDF 122.5}[6]
§17
在胃做完消化一餐的工作之后,不要另给它工作；要给它有机会休息，让自然供应足够的胃液好消化更多的食物。两餐之间至少要相隔五小时。要时时记住，你如果愿意尝试的话,就会发现两餐要比三餐好。（HL.164）{TSDF 122.6}[7]
§18
Unpublished Testimonies, August 30, 1896?(Healthful Living, 164)
§19
After the stomach has done its work for one meal, do not crowd more work upon it before it has had a chance to rest, and to provide a sufficient supply of gastric juice for the next meal. Five hours at least should be given between each meal, and always bear in mind that if you would give it a trial, you would find that two meals would be better than three.?{TSDF 122.6}[7]
§20
胃可能被训练到每天要进食八次之多，若不予以满足，就会感到晕眩。但这并不证明就应该这样频频进食。（RH.1883.5.8）{TSDF 123.1}[8]
§21
The Review and Herald, May 8, 1883No. 19 (Healthful Living, 85)
§22
The stomach may be educated to desire food eight times a day, and feel faint if it is not supplied. But this is no argument in favor of so frequent eating.?{TSDF 123.1}[8]
§23
多数人若是一日两餐会比一日三餐更健康；有些人在现有状况下，在晚饭时间可能需要吃点东西；然而应当吃得很少很清淡。谁也不要以为自己是众人的标准——要每一个人都完全照着他的样子做。{TSDF 123.2}[9]
§24
Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 58
§25
Most people enjoy better health while eating two meals a day than three; others, under their existing circumstances, may require something to eat at supper-time; but this meal should be very light. Let no one think himself a criterion for all,—that every one must do exactly as he does.?{TSDF 123.2}[9]
§26
决不要剥夺胃的健康需要，也决不要滥用它，让它负不应该负的重担。要培养自制。要约束食欲，使它处在理智的支配之下。不要觉得有必要在有客人来时就在餐桌上摆满不健康的食物。应当考虑你们家人的健康和对你们儿女的影响，也要考虑客人的习惯和口味。（CTBH 58）{TSDF 123.3}[10]
§27
Never cheat the stomach out of that which health demands, and never abuse it by placing upon it a load which it should not bear. Cultivate self-control. Restrain appetite; keep it under the control of reason. Do not feel it necessary to load down your table with unhealthful food when you have visitors. The health of your family and the influence upon your children should be considered, as well as the habits and tastes of your guests.?{TSDF 123.3}[10]
§28
要小心照顾胃，不可让它连续工作。要给这个被误用和滥用的器官平安、宁静和休息。（Letter 1896.73a）{TSDF 123.4}[11]
§29
Unpublished Testimonies, August 30, 1896?(Healthful Living, 169)
§30
The stomach must have careful attention. It must not be kept in continual operation. Give this misused and much-abused organ some peace and quiet rest.?{TSDF 123.4}[11]
§31
H弟兄的行径，不是他所当有的行径。他的爱好和厌恶非常强烈，而且他也没有把自己的感情置于理性的管制之下。H弟兄啊，你进食太多，进食的时间也不规矩，已大大损害了你的健康。这必引起血液涌到头脑，以致心思混乱，不能善加控制自己。你的表现，象是一个心思不稳定的人。你行事强硬，易受刺激且爱用夸张而歪曲的眼光来看待各种事物。你应当在户外多运动，饮食应有节制，这都是对你的健康所不可少的。你每天进食不应超过两次。你若觉得晚上一定要进食，喝一杯凉开水就好了，这样，到了早晨，你就会因为没有进食而觉得好过得多了。（4T 501）. {TSDF 123.5}[12]
§32
Testimonies for the Church 4:501-502
§33
The course of Brother H has not been what it should have been. His likes and dislikes are very strong and he has not kept his own feelings under the control of reason. Brother H, your health is greatly injured by overeating, and eating at improper times. This causes a determination of blood to the brain. The mind becomes confused, and you have not the proper control of yourself. You appear like a man whose mind is unbalanced. You make strong moves, are easily irritated, and view things in an exaggerated and perverted light. Plenty of exercise in the open air, and an abstemious diet, are essential to your health. You should not eat more than two meals a day. If you feel that you must eat at night, take a drink of cold water, and in the morning you will feel much better for not having eaten.?{TSDF 123.5}[12]
§34
由于追随时尚气派及迎合病态的食欲，人们将丰腻的糕饼点心，布丁和各种对健康有害的食物塞满了胃中。餐桌上必须摆满各种各色的食品，否则不能满足败坏了的食欲。这等食欲的奴隶，在早晨往往舌苔厚积，气息奇臭。他们享受不到健康，却奇怪自己为何要受疼痛、头痛和各种疾病的痛苦。许多人一日三餐，睡前又吃点心。消化器官很快就毁损了，因为它们没有时间休息。这些人患上痛苦的消化不良，却又奇怪为何患病。其实，有因必有果。在胃消化了前一餐的食物而有时间休息之前，是不该进下一餐的。若是一定要吃第三餐，便当在寝前几小个时，而且应是容易消化的食物。（4aSG 130）{TSDF 123.6}[13]
§35
The Facts of Faith 2:130
§36
Because it is the fashion, in harmony with morbid appetite, rich cake, pies, puddings, and every hurtful thing, are crowded into the stomach. The table must be loaded down with a variety, or the depraved appetite can not be satisfied. In the morning, these slaves to appetite often have impure breath, and a furred tongue. They do not enjoy health, and wonder why they suffer with pains, headaches, and various ills. Many eat three times a day, and again just before going to bed. In a short time the digestive organs are worn out, for they have had no time to rest. These become miserable dyspeptics, and wonder what has made them so. The cause has brought the sure result. A second meal should never be eaten until the stomach has had time to rest from the labor of digesting the preceding meal. If a third meal be eaten at all, it should be light, and several hours before going to bed.?{TSDF 123.6}[13]
§37
世人一般的风俗，是每日三餐，在两餐之间还不规则地吃一些零食。多数的人都把一天最后一顿吃得十分丰富，而且往往是在睡前进食。这是与自然的规律相反的。在一日之中的那么晚的时间，切不可进食丰厚的餐食。这些人若改变自己的习惯，每天只吃两餐，并在两餐之间不吃零食，甚至一只苹果，一粒硬壳果，或任何水果也不吃，结果就必食欲大振，健康也大大增进了。（R. H.,1884.7.29）{TSDF 123.7}[14]
§38
The Review and Herald, July 29, 1884No. 31 (Healthful Living, 84)
§39
It is quite a common custom with the people of the world to eat three times a day, besides eating at irregular intervals between meals, and the last meal is generally the most hearty, and is often taken just before retiring. This is reversing the natural order; a hearty meal should never be taken so late in the day. Should these persons change their practice, and eat but two meals a day, and nothing between meals, not even an apple, a nut, or any kind of fruit, the result would be seen in a good appetite and greatly improved health.?{TSDF 123.7}[14]
§40
从事文案工作的人睡前进食特别有害。这往往是致命疾病的开始。{TSDF 123.8}[15]
§41
The Ministry of Healing, 304
§42
For persons of sedentary habits, late suppers are particularly harmful. With them the disturbance created is often the beginning of disease that ends in death.?{TSDF 123.8}[15]
§43
许多人因乏力而想进食，是因为消化器官在白天工作得太累。消化了一餐之后，消化器官需要休息。两餐相隔至少应有五六小时。大多数制定计划尝试每天两餐的人，会发现它比三餐更好。（MH 304）{TSDF 123.9}[16]
§44
In many cases the faintness that leads to a desire for food is felt because the digestive organs have been too severely taxed during the day. After disposing of one meal, the digestive organs need rest. At least five or six hours should intervene between the meals; and most persons who give the plan a trial, will find that two meals a day are better than three.?{TSDF 123.9}[16]
§45
我们的传道人在饮食习惯上尚无特别的表现。他们吃进太多的食物，而且每餐的食品种类太多。有些人是有名无实的健康改良者。他们没有规则来管制自己的饮食，在两餐之间大吃特吃水果或硬壳果，以致消化器官负担太重。有些人每天吃两餐足够供给身体和精神的健康，却吃三餐。人若干犯了上帝所定管理身体的律法，就必有惩罚随之而来。（4T 416.）{TSDF 123.10}[17]
§46
Testimonies for the Church 4:416-417
§47
Our preachers are not particular enough in regard to their habits of eating. They partake of too large quantities of food, and of too great a variety at one meal. Some are reformers only in name. They have no rules by which to regulate their diet, but indulge in eating fruit or nuts between their meals, and thus impose too heavy burdens upon the digestive organs. Some eat three meals a day, when two would be more conducive to physical and spiritual health. If the laws which God has made to govern the physical system are violated, the penalty must surely follow.?{TSDF 123.10}[17]
§48
现今有道德毅力，能以抵抗试探，尤其是在食欲方面，并能实行克己自制的人，真是凤毛麟角。对于有些人来说，他们见到别人进食第三餐，便有了无力抵抗的太强试探，而幻想自己正在肚饿。其实这种感觉并不是胃要求食物，而是出于那未经坚定原则强化，和未受克己训练的头脑的欲望。（4T 574）{TSDF 123.11}[18]
§49
Testimonies for the Church 4:574
§50
Few have moral stamina to resist temptation, especially of the appetite, and to practice self-denial. To some it is a temptation too strong to be resisted to see others eat the third meal; and they imagine they are hungry, when the feeling is not a call of the stomach for food, but a desire of the mind that has not been fortified with firm principle, and disciplined to self-denial.?{TSDF 123.11}[18]
§51
一般说来，一日两餐的做法有益于健康。但有时需要第三餐。不过要少吃，而且要吃容易消化的食物。饼干、烤面包、水果或麦片，都是合适的晚餐。（MH 321）{TSDF 124.1}[19]
§52
The Ministry of Healing, 321
§53
The practice of eating but two meals a day is generally found a benefit to health; yet under some circumstances, persons may require a third meal. This should, however, if taken at all, be very light, and of food most easily digested. “Crackers”—the English biscuit—or zwieback, and fruit, or cereal coffee, are the foods best suited for the evening meal.?{TSDF 124.1}[19]