第01章 面包
§1
第01章 面包Chap. 1—Breads
§2
有些人并不认为正确预备食物是一个宗教本分；因此他们就不设法去学习如何烹饪。他们让面包在烘烤之前就发酸了，于是就加上小苏打来补救厨师的粗心，使面包成了完全不适合吃到人胃里的东西。要用心思考才能做出好面包。在一条好面包里所含的信仰比许多人想到的都多。（CTBH 49）{TSDF 9.1}[1]
§3
Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene, 49
§4
Some do not feel that it is a religious duty to prepare food properly; hence they do not try to learn how. They let the bread sour before baking and the saleratus added to remedy the cook’s carelessness makes it totally unfit for the human stomach. It requires thought and care to make good bread. But there is more religion in a good loaf of bread than many think.?{TSDF 9.1}[1]
§5
每一位基督教女子，应当立即学习怎样用未筛过的粗面粉制作良好、甘甜、蓬松的面包，这乃是一种宗教信仰上的本分。母亲们应当带女儿们进入厨房，趁她们年幼之时，就教以烹饪的技能。{TSDF 9.2}[2]
§6
Testimonies for the Church 1:681-684
§7
It is a religious duty for every Christian girl and woman to learn at once to make good, sweet, light bread from unbolted wheat flour. Mothers should take their daughters into the kitchen with them when very young, and teach them the art of cooking.?{TSDF 9.2}[2]
§8
我们经常发现全麦面包又重又酸而且没烤透。这是因为缺乏学习的兴趣，也不愿尽烹饪的重要本分。有时我们看到有小松糕或软饼干，干缩没有烤硬的，以其它类似的糕点。于是厨师就会告诉你他们按旧式的烹饪法能做得很好，但是，说实话，他们的家人不喜欢全麦面包；这样生活他们会饿死的。{TSDF 9.3}[3]
§9
We frequently find graham bread heavy, sour, and but partially baked. This is for want of interest to learn, and care to perform the important duty of cook. Sometimes we find gem-cakes, or soft biscuit, dried, not baked, and other things after the same order. And then cooks will tell you they can do very well in the old style of cooking, but to tell the truth, their families do not like graham bread; that they would starve to live in this way.?{TSDF 9.3}[3]
§10
我对自己说过：我对此一点儿不感到惊讶。正是你们预备食物的方式使它不好吃的。吃这样的食物肯定会使人消化不良的。这些拙劣的厨师和那些不得不吃他们所烹饪的食物的人，会严肃地告诉你健康改良不适合他们。{TSDF 9.4}[4]
§11
I have said to myself, I do not wonder at it. It is your manner of preparing food that makes it so unpalatable. To eat such food would certainly give one the dyspepsia. These poor cooks, and those who have to eat their food, will gravely tell you that the health reform does not agree with them.?{TSDF 9.4}[4]
§12
胃没有能力把劣等厚重的酸面包转变成有益的东西；但这种劣等的面包却会把一个健康的胃转变成一个有病的胃。那些吃这种食物的人知道自己的力量正日渐衰弱。这难道没有起因吗？这些人中有些称自己是健康改良者，但他们不是。他们不知道如何烹饪。他们预备糕饼、马铃薯和全麦面包，但千篇一律，很少有变化，身体系统也没有得到力量。他们似乎以为费心研究怎样预备健康可口的食物，获得一种彻底的经验，乃是浪费光阴。……{TSDF 9.5}[5]
§13
The stomach has not power to convert, poor, heavy, sour bread into good; but this poor bread will convert a healthy stomach into a diseased one. Those who eat such food know that they are failing in strength. Is there not a cause? Some of these persons call themselves health reformers but they are not. They do not know how to cook. They prepare cakes, potatoes, and graham bread, but there is the same round, with scarcely a variation, and the system is not strengthened. They seem to think the time wasted which is devoted to obtaining a thorough experience in the preparation of healthful, palatable food....?{TSDF 9.5}[5]
§14
在许多的家庭中，我们遇到了消化不良的病人，其原因往往是由于不良的面包而起。主妇认为不可把它扔掉，于是他们便吃了。难道这是处置不良面包的方法吗？你们把它放进胃中，可变成血液吗？难道胃的能力会把酸面包变成甜的？把不易消化面包的变成容易消化的？把发霉的面包变成新鲜的？……{TSDF 9.6}[6]
§15
In many families we find dyspeptics, and frequently the reason of this is the poor bread. The mistress of the house decides that it must not be thrown away, and they eat it. Is this the way to dispose of poor bread? Will you put it into the stomach to be converted into blood? Has the stomach power to make sour bread sweet? heavy bread light? moldy bread fresh? ...?{TSDF 9.6}[6]
§16
许多主妇和母亲，对于烹饪这一门学问，还没有过正当的教育而缺少这种技能。她们每天给家人预备着不合适的食物，这些食物正在切实地破坏人的消化器官，制造不良的血液，往往引发炎病急症，并使人短寿夭亡。许多人因吃不易消化及酸的面包而致死。有人向我提及一例，曾有一女佣因制作了一炉不易消化的酸面包，后来她为要弃掉它和不愿被人知道起见，便丢给两条大猪去吃。可是第二天，那家的主人发现他的猪死了。经过检查之后，在食槽里找到了这种不易消化的面包的碎片。他调查此事，那女佣承认了自己所作的事。她先前一点也没想到，这种面包对于猪竟会有这么大的害处。如果这种不易消化的酸面包可以害死那能活吞响尾蛇及几乎什么脏东西都吃的猪，那么对于人的胃——柔嫩的器官，更会有何等的祸害呢？（1T.681-684）{TSDF 9.7}[7]
§17
Many a wife and mother who has not had the right education and lacks skill in the cooking department, is daily presenting her family with ill-prepared food which is steadily and surely destroying the digestive organs, making a poor quality of blood, and frequently bringing on acute attacks of inflammatory disease and causing premature death. Many have been brought to their death by eating heavy, sour bread. An instance was related to me of a hired girl who made a batch of sour, heavy bread. In order to get rid of it and conceal the matter, she threw it to a couple of very large hogs. Next morning the man of the house found his swine dead, and upon examining the trough, found pieces of this heavy bread. He made inquiries, and the girl acknowledged what she had done. She had not a thought of the effect of such bread upon the swine. If heavy, sour bread will kill swine, which can devour rattlesnakes, and almost every detestable thing, what effect will it have upon that tender organ, the human stomach??{TSDF 9.7}[7]
§18
无论何往，我们都可见到面如菜色，呻吟痛苦的消化不良者。当我们坐在餐桌前，吃那经年累月都用同一方式制作的食物时，我奇怪这些人竟然还能活着。面包与饼干都有酵粉苏打的黄色。这种采用酵粉苏打的办法，乃是要让自己更加省心。由于粗心忘记，面包在烤制之前往往已发酸了，以致要加入大量的酵粉苏打来中和，这只有使其完全不适合人的肠胃罢了。任何形式的酵粉苏打都不应吃进胃中；因其后果甚是可怕！它会腐蚀胃黏膜，引起胃部发炎，而且往往全身中毒。有些人请求说：“我若不用苏打或发酵粉，便制不出好的面包或小麦饼。”你们若愿作学生及肯学习，就一定能学会。难道你们全家人的健康，还没有足够的价值来使你们发出愿望，要学习如何烹饪和如何饮食吗？ {TSDF 9.8}[8]
§19
Testimonies for the Church 2:537-538
§20
We see sallow complexions and groaning dyspeptics wherever we go. When we sit at the tables, and eat the food cooked in the same manner as it has been for months, and perhaps years, I wonder that these persons are alive. Bread and biscuit are yellow with saleratus. This resort to saleratus was to save a little care; in consequence of forgetfulness, the bread is often allowed to become sour before baking, and to remedy the evil a large portion of saleratus is added, which only makes it totally unfit for the human stomach. Saleratus in any form should not be introduced into the stomach; for the effect is fearful. It eats the coatings of the stomach, causes inflammation and frequently poisons the entire system. Some plead, “I can not make good bread or gems unless I use soda or saleratus.” You surely can if you will become a scholar and will learn. Is not the health of your family of sufficient value to inspire you with ambition to learn how to cook, and how to eat??{TSDF 9.8}[8]
§21
我们所吃的东西若不适量、简单而有营养，就不能转化成良好的血液。胃决不能把酸面包变成甜面包。做得糟糕的食物是没有营养的，无法成为良好的血液。这些使胃受损错乱的东西，会对心脏更精细的感觉有一种麻木性影响。许多采纳健康改良的人抱怨说这对他们不合适；但是，我坐在他们桌前之后，便得出结论，并不是健康改良出了错，而是他们的食物做得太糟糕了。实行健康改良的人，应当比众人更加注意避免趋入极端。身体必须得到足够的营养。我们不能单靠空气生存，若没有多营养的食物，我们谁也不能保持健康。食物应当善予调制，做得美味可口。母亲们应当成为实际的生理学者，以便教导自己的儿女有自知之明，且有道德勇气实行正确的原则，无视摧毁健康和生命的时尚。不必要地违背生命律就是违背上帝的律法。{TSDF 9.9}[9]
§22
That which we eat can not be converted into good blood unless it is of proper quality, simple and nutritious. The stomach can never convert sour bread into sweet. Food poorly prepared is not nutritious, and can not make good blood. These things which fret and derange the stomach will have a benumbing?influence upon the finer feelings of the heart. Many who adopt the health reform complain that it does not agree with them; but, after sitting at their tables, I come to the decision that it is not the health reform that is at fault, but the poorly prepared food. Health reformers, above all others, should be careful to shun extremes. The body must have sufficient nourishment. We can not subsist upon air merely; neither can we retain health unless we have nourishing food. Food should be prepared in good order, so that it is palatable. Mothers should be practical physiologists, that they may teach their children to know themselves, and to possess moral courage to carry out correct principles in defiance of the health-and-life-destroying fashions. To needlessly transgress the laws of our being, is a violation of the law of God.{TSDF 9.9}[9]
§23
不良的烹饪，正在渐渐消磨成千上万人的生命活力。在一些餐桌上吃没有发好的酸面包和其它如此烹调的食物，对于健康及生命是有危险的。（2T:537-538）{TSDF 10.1}[10]
§24
Poor cookery is slowly wearing away the life energies of thousands. It is dangerous to health and life to eat at some tables the heavy, sour bread, and the other food prepared in keeping with it.?{TSDF 10.1}[10]
§25
用苏打粉或发酵粉发酵制作的辛辣饼干，决不要出现在我们的餐桌上。这类食品不宜进入胃中。如此发酵的饼干很难消化。用未筛过的面粉加上清水和牛奶所制成的全麦面包，既有益于健康又美味可口。可是教导我们的信徒过简朴的生活很困难。当我们提倡全麦面包时，我们的朋友却说：“哦，我们知道该怎么做的。”但后来做出来的，却是发酵粉、苏打粉和酸牛奶所发的，令我们大失所望。这些食品根本不是改良的证据。未筛过的粗面粉，调和清洁的软水和牛奶所制成的，是我们所吃过最好的面包。如果用硬水，就多加些甜牛奶，或添一个蛋来调和。面包应当放在很热的炉中，用稳定的火力来烤透。{TSDF 10.2}[11]
§26
Review and Herald, May 8, 1883
§27
Hot biscuit raised with soda or baking powder should never appear upon our tables. Such compounds are unfit to enter the stomach. Hot raised bread of any kind is difficult of digestion. Graham gems, which are both wholesome and palatable, may be made from the unbolted flour, mixed with pure cold water and milk. But it is difficult to teach our people simplicity. When we recommend graham gems, our friends say, “Oh, yes, we know how to make them.” We are much disappointed when they appear raised with baking powder or with sour milk and soda. These give no evidence of reform. The unbolted flour, mixed with pure soft water and milk, makes the best gems we have ever tasted. If the water is hard, use more sweet milk, or add an egg to the batter. Gems should be thoroughly baked in a well-heated oven, with a steady fire.?{TSDF 10.2}[11]
§28
制作面包卷可用软水和牛奶，或少量奶油，调成干团，揉之如揉饼干，放进炉中烘烤，做出来面包卷香甜可口，需要细细咀嚼，对于牙齿和胃都有好处。它们会制造良好的血液，供给人力量。有了这种面包，加上我国盛产的水果、蔬菜和五谷，人们就不会奢望珍馐美味了。（R H.1883.5.8）{TSDF 10.3}[12]
§29
To make rolls, use soft water and milk, or a little cream; make a stiff dough and knead it as for crackers. Bake on the grate of the oven. These are sweet and delicious. They require thorough mastication, which is a benefit both to the teeth and the stomach. They make good blood, and impart strength. With such bread, and the abundant fruits, vegetables, and grains with which our country abounds, no greater luxuries should be desired.?{TSDF 10.3}[12]
§30
辣饼干和肉食完全不符合健康改良的原则。（《关于肉食的小册子》）{TSDF 10.4}[13]
§31
Tract Regarding the Use of Flesh Foods?(Eight page tract)
§32
Hot biscuits and flesh-meats are entirely out of harmony with health-reform principles.?{TSDF 10.4}[13]
§33
辛辣的苏打饼干往往涂上黄油，被人当作上等美食吃下去；但虚弱的消化器官只会感到受了虐待。（HL.95.7）{TSDF 10.5}[14]
§34
Unpublished Testimonies, November 5, 1896?(Healthful Living, 95.7)
§35
Hot soda biscuit are often spread with butter, and eaten as a choice diet; but the feeble digestive organs can not but feel the abuse placed upon them.?{TSDF 10.5}[14]
§36
我们一直在返回埃及，而非走向迦南。难道我们不愿意改弦易辙？我们为何不在餐桌上供应清淡健康的食物呢？我们为何不弃绝只能引起消化不良的辛辣饼干呢？（Letter.1884.3）{TSDF 10.6}[15]
§37
Letter 3, 1884
§38
We have been going back to Egypt rather than on to Canaan. Shall we not reverse the order of things? Shall we not have plain, wholesome food on our tables? Shall we not dispense with hot biscuits, which only cause dyspepsia??{TSDF 10.6}[15]
§39
制作面包用精白面粉并不是最好的。精白面粉既不经济，又不利于健康。精白面包缺乏全麦面包的营养成分，往往造成便秘和其他不健康症状。{TSDF 10.7}[16]
§40
The Ministry of Healing, 300-302
§41
For use in bread making, the superfine white flour is not the best. Its use is neither healthful nor economical. Fine-flour bread is lacking in nutritive elements to be found in bread made from the whole wheat. It is a frequent cause of constipation and other unhealthful conditions.?{TSDF 10.7}[16]
§42
做面包用苏打或发酵粉是有害和不必要的。苏打会使胃发炎，常常毒害整个人体。许多主妇以为不用苏打就做不出好面包，这是错的。如果她们肯费心学习更好的方法，所做的面包就必更有益于健康，更有自然的风味，更加好吃。{TSDF 10.8}[17]
§43
The use of soda or baking powder in bread-making is harmful and unnecessary. Soda causes inflammation of the stomach and often poisons the entire system. Many housewives think that they can not make good bread without soda, but this is an error. If they would take the trouble to learn better methods, their bread would be more wholesome, and, to a natural taste, it would be more palatable.?{TSDF 10.8}[17]
§44
做发酵面包不要用牛奶来代替水。牛奶增加面包的成本，并且大大降低它的营养。牛奶面包不像加水面包那样经久不坏，且更容易在胃里发酵。{TSDF 10.9}[18]
§45
In the making of raised or yeast bread, milk should not be used in place of water. The use of milk is an additional expense, and it makes the bread much less wholesome. Milk bread does not keep sweet so long after baking as does that made with water, and it ferments more readily in the stomach.?{TSDF 10.9}[18]
§46
面包应该松软香甜，不带一点酸味。要做得小一点，尽量烘透，杀尽酵菌。刚出炉的发酵面包不易消化，不可立时就吃。但无酵的面包不在此例。热炉里烘烤的无酵麦饼，既美味又合乎健康。……{TSDF 10.10}[19]
§47
Bread should be light and sweet. Not the least taint of sourness should be tolerated. The loaves should be small, and so thoroughly baked that, so far as possible, the yeast germs shall be destroyed. When hot, or new, raised bread of any kind is difficult of digestion. It should never appear on the table. This rule does not, however, apply to unleavened bread. Fresh rolls made of wheaten meal, without yeast or leaven, and baked in a well-heated oven, are both wholesome and palatable....?{TSDF 10.10}[19]
§48
烘干的面包，或烤过两次的面包，是一种最易消化最可口的食物。一般的发酵面包，最好切成片，在热炉里烘干一切水分，以内外稍微焦黄为度。这种面包放在干燥之处，比一般的面包保存的时间要长；食前重新烤过，就与新鲜的无异。（MH.300-302）{TSDF 10.11}[20]
§49
Zwieback, or twice baked bread, is one of the most easily digested and most palatable of foods. Let ordinary raised bread be cut in slices and dried in a warm oven till the last trace of moisture disappears. Then let it be browned slightly all the way through. In a dry place this bread can be kept much longer than ordinary bread, and if reheated before using, it will be as fresh as when new.?{TSDF 10.11}[20]
§50
从肉食改为素食时，要非常注意把精心准备烹饪的食物摆在桌子上。吃太多粥是不对的。需要咀嚼的干粮要好得多了。预备健康的食物，乃是这方面的一种福惠。优质的全麦面包和面包卷，用简单而认真地预备，是有益于健康的。面包决不要有酸味。要完全烘透，这样就不会柔软黏腻了。?{TSDF 10.12}[21]
§51
Manuscript 3, 1897
§52
Great care should be taken when the change is made from a flesh-meat to a vegetarian diet to supply the table with wisely prepared, well-cooked articles of food. So much porridge eating is a mistake. The dry food that requires mastication is far preferable. The health food preparations are a blessing in this respect. Good brown bread and rolls, prepared in a simple manner, yet with?painstaking effort, will be healthful. Bread should never have the slightest taint of sourness. It should be cooked until it is most thoroughly done. Thus all softness and stickiness will be avoided.?{TSDF 10.12}[21]
§53
对于能够食用的人，用健康的方法烹饪的优质蔬菜，比软绵绵的糊或粥要好。吃水果加烘透隔两三天的陈面包，要比新鲜的面包有益健康，通过慢慢充分的咀嚼，能提供人体所有的需要。{TSDF 11.1}[22]
§54
For those who can use them, good vegetables, prepared in a healthful manner, are better than soft mushes or porridge. Fruits used with thoroughly cooked bread two or three days old will be more healthful than fresh bread. This, with slow and thorough mastication, will furnish all that the system requires.?{TSDF 11.1}[22]
§55
主要用牛奶取代水来和白面粉或全面粉制作的面包不是健康的做法。要是把这样制作的面包在暖和的天气多放几天，然后掰开，常会发现象蛛丝一样粘连的长丝。这种面包在暖和的天气中很快就会在胃里引起发酵。做面包不要用牛奶来代替水。这完全是额外的花费，而且并不有益于健康。口味可能受训练以致更喜欢以这种方式制作的面包；然而面包制作得越简单，越能满足饥饿感，胃口也就越自然地喜爱最清淡的饮食。{TSDF 11.2}[23]
§56
The mixing largely of white or brown flour bread with milk in the place of water is not a healthful preparation. If the bread thus cooked is allowed to stand over and is then broken open, there will frequently be seen long strings like cobwebs, and this, in warm weather, soon causes fermentation to take place in the stomach. Milk should not be used in place of water in bread making. All this is extra expense, and is not wholesome. The taste may be educated so that it will prefer bread prepared in this way; but the more simply it is made, the better it will satisfy hunger, and the more natural will be the appetite to enjoy the plainest diet.?{TSDF 11.2}[23]
§57
我们要为一大家子的人做饭，我们的母牛每天提供近十升的牛奶都不够我们家用的。有时还得另外买三升才够我们做面包用。这是一件极其奢侈的事，而且完全没有必要。我改变了这种局面，大家都见证说面包比用牛奶和面的时候更好吃了。{TSDF 11.3}[24]
§58
We had a large family to cook for, and the ten quarts of milk which our cow gave each day was not sufficient for our family use. At times three extra quarts had to be purchased to give us enough to mix the bread with milk. This was a most extravagant business, and wholly unnecessary. I had this order of things changed, and the testimony of all was that the bread was more appetizing than when mixed with milk.?{TSDF 11.3}[24]
§59
每一位主妇都应该觉得有责任教育自己以最便宜的方式制作优质甜面包，家人也应拒绝厚重的酸面包上桌，因为那是有害的。有许多贫穷的家庭购买普通面包师作的面包，常常是发酸的，对胃不健康。（Ms.1897.3）{TSDF 11.4}[25]
§60
Every housekeeper should feel it her duty to educate herself to make good sweet bread, and in the most inexpensive manner and the family should refuse to have upon the table bread that is heavy and sour, for it is injurious. There are a large number of poor families who buy the common baker’s bread which is often sour, and is not healthful for the stomach.?{TSDF 11.4}[25]
§61
精粉面包决不能给你们提供全麦面包中才有的营养。经常食用精粉面包无法让身体处于健康状态。你们都有呆滞的肺脏。采用精白面粉使你们的工作加倍辛苦困难。（2T.68）{TSDF 11.5}[26]
§62
Testimonies for the Church 2:68
§63
Fine-flour bread can not impart to the system the nourishment that you will find in the unbolted wheat bread. The common use of bolted wheat bread can not keep the system in a healthy condition. You both have inactive livers. The use of fine flour aggravates the difficulties under which you are laboring.?{TSDF 11.5}[26]