第24章 卫生
§1
第24章 卫生Chap. 24—Hygiene【家庭和住宅的卫生】
§2
612. 如有可能，就应将居所建在干燥的高地。房子若建在四周有水的地方，一段时间有水，后又干涸，结果就会产生有毒的沼气，以及疟疾，喉痛，肺部病患和热病。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 64. {HL 140.1}[1]
§3
【Hygiene of the Home and Premises】
§4
612. Dwellings, if possible, should be built upon high and dry ground. If a house be built where water settles around it, remaining for a time and then drying away, a poisonous miasma arises, and fever and ague, sore throat, lung diseases, and fevers will be the result.—How to Live, 64.?{HL 140.1}[1]
§5
613. 如果每一个家庭都认识到彻底清洁的有利结果，他们就会作出特别的努力，洁除自身和自家的一切污秽，甚至会努力把房前屋后都打扫得干干净净。许多人任由腐烂的蔬菜留在房前屋后，一点不知这些东西的影响。这些腐烂的物质不断发出一种毒害空气的臭气。因吸入不洁的空气，血液就受了毒害，肺部受了感染，周身都患病了。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 60. {HL 140.2}[2]
§6
613. If every family realized the beneficial results of thorough cleanliness, they would make special efforts to remove every impurity from their persons and from their houses, and would extend their efforts to their premises. Many suffer decayed vegetable matter to remain about their premises. They are not awake to the influence of these things. There is constantly arising from the decayed substances an effluvium that is poisoning the air. By inhaling the impure air, the blood is poisoned, the lungs become affected, and the whole system is diseased.—How to Live, 60.?{HL 140.2}[2]
§7
614. 顽固的发烧和暴病已在附近地区和从前被认为是健康的城镇中流行，有些人已经死了，而有些人虽存活下来，体质却已受到摧残，因疾病而终身残疾。在许多情况下，他们自己的院子里就含有毁灭的媒介，将致命的毒素散发到空气中，被家人和街坊四邻吸入体内。不时可见的懒惰和粗心是残忍的，关于这种事对健康造成的结果，人们的无知是惊人的。这种地方应该得到净化，尤其是在夏天，要用石灰或灰洁净，或者每天用土掩埋。-- H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 61. {HL 140.3}[3]
§8
614. Stubborn fevers and violent diseases have prevailed in neighborhoods and towns that had formerly been considered healthy, and some have died, while others have been left with broken constitutions to be crippled with disease for life. In many?instances their own yards contained the agent of destruction, which sent forth deadly poison into the atmosphere to be inhaled by the family and the neighborhood. The slackness and recklessness sometimes witnessed is beastly, and the ignorance of the results of such things upon health is astonishing. Such places should be purified, especially in summer, by lime or ashes, or by a daily burial with earth.—How to Live, 61.{HL 140.3}[3]
§9
615. 能遮荫的树和灌木丛太浓密、太靠近房屋是不健康的，因为它们有碍空气的自由流通，也阻止充足的阳光照进来。结果就使房间很潮湿。特别是在多雨的季节，卧室就变得很潮湿，睡在床上的人就会患有风湿、神经痛和肺部病患，最后通常变成肺结核。许多能遮荫的树落下许多叶子，若不立刻清除，就会腐烂，毒害空气。一个有散布的树木和一些灌木美化的庭院，距离房子有适当的距离，对家人有幸福愉快的影响，若予精心照顾，就不会对健康有害。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 64. {HL 141.1}[4]
§10
615. Shade-trees and shrubbery too close and dense around a house are unhealthful; for they prevent a free circulation of air, and prevent the rays of the sun from shining through sufficiently. In consequence of this a dampness gathers in the house. Especially in wet seasons the sleeping-rooms become damp, and those who sleep in the beds are troubled with rheumatism, neuralgia, and lung complaints, which generally end in consumption. Numerous shade-trees cast off many leaves, which, if not immediately removed, decay, and poison the atmosphere. A yard, beautiful with scattering trees, and some shrubbery at a proper distance from the house, has a happy, cheerful influence upon the family, and if well taken care of, will prove no injury to health.—How to Live, 64.?{HL 141.1}[4]
§11
616. 没有阳光和空气的房间会变得潮湿。床和被褥聚集湿气，这些房间的空气是有毒的，因为没有被阳光和空气净化。睡在这些时尚的摧毁健康的房间里，已给人招致了各种疾病。……卧室尤其应该很好地通风，且要使其中的气氛因阳光和空气而有益健康。每天有几个小时应该打开窗户，窗帘也要拉开，让房间彻底通风。凡是会破坏纯净空气的东西，无论什么东西都不应存留，即使是暂时存留也不应该。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 62. {HL 141.2}[5]
§12
616. Rooms that are not exposed to light and air become damp. Beds and bedding gather dampness, and the atmosphere in these rooms is poisonous, because it has not been purified by light and air. Various diseases have been brought on by sleeping in these fashionable, health-destroying apartments.... Sleeping-rooms especially should be well ventilated,?and the atmosphere made healthful by light and air. Blinds should be left open several hours each day, the curtains put aside, and the room thoroughly aired; nothing should remain, even for a short time, which would destroy the purity of the atmosphere.—How to Live, 62.?{HL 141.2}[5]
§13
617. 卧室应该宽敞，且要布置得使气流日夜都可以通过。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 63. {HL 142.1}[6]
§14
617. Sleeping apartments should be large and so arranged as to have a circulation of air through them day and night.—How to Live, 63.?{HL 142.1}[6]
§15
618. 没有每天自由通风的房间，没有彻底干燥晾晒的被褥，是不适合使用的。我们确信睡在门窗紧闭、拉着窗帘不让纯净的空气和阳光进来的房间会生病，使人大受痛苦。……房间或许已经数月没有通风了，也有数周没有生火了。睡在这些房间会危害健康和生命，直到让外面的空气进来流通数小时，被褥也因火干燥了。若不采取这种预防措施，房间和被褥就会潮湿。家中的每个房间都应该每天彻底通风，在潮湿的天气要生火干燥。……你居所的每一个房间每天都应该向有益健康的阳光敞开，邀请净化的空气进来。这会预防疾病。……要是人人都愿意赏识阳光，将每件衣物都晾晒在干燥净化的阳光之下，就会防止霉菌。不通风房间被禁闭的空气使我们闻到发霉的恶心气味，吸入住在其中之人所呼出的不洁之物。……从潮湿发霉的房间和衣服散发出来的东西对人体系统是有毒害的。--H. R. 1874.2.1 {HL 142.2}[7]
§16
618. Rooms that are not freely ventilated daily, and bedding that has not been thoroughly dried and aired, are not fit for use. We feel confident that disease and great suffering are brought on by sleeping in rooms with closed and curtained windows, not admitting pure air and the rays of the sun.... The room may not have had an airing for months, nor the advantages of a fire for weeks, if at all. It is dangerous to health and life to sleep in these rooms until the outside air shall have circulated through them for several hours and the bedding shall have been dried by the fire. Unless this precaution is taken, the rooms and bedding will be damp. Every room in the house should be thoroughly ventilated every day, and in damp weather should be warmed by fires.... Every room in your dwelling should be daily thrown open to the healthful rays of the sun, and the purifying air should be invited in. This will be a preventive of disease.... If all would appreciate the sunshine, and expose every article of clothing to its drying, purifying rays, mildew and mold would be prevented. The confined air of unventilated rooms meets us with sickening odors of mildew and?mold, and the impurities exhaled by its inmates.... The emanations from damp, moldy rooms and clothing are poisonous to the system.—The Health Reformer, February 1, 1874.?{HL 142.2}[7]
§17
【个人的卫生】
§18
619. 应当遵守严格的清洁习惯。许多人在健康时怕麻烦，不愿保持健康状态。他们忽视个人的清洁，也不注意保持自己的衣服洁净。人虽察觉不到，不洁之物却不断地通过毛孔经过身体，如果皮肤的表面没有保持健康状态，身体系统就会因不洁的东西受累。所穿的衣服如果不经常清洗晾晒，就会因身体有意和无意地排汗所排出的杂质所污秽。所穿的衣服若不经常洗掉这些杂质，皮肤的毛孔就会把所排出的废物再吸收进去。身体的杂质若未除掉，就会又被吸收到血液里，并且压迫内脏。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 60. {HL 143.1}[8]
§19
【Hygiene of the Person】
§20
619. Strict habits of cleanliness should be observed. Many, while well, will not take the trouble to keep in a healthy condition. They neglect personal cleanliness, and are not careful to keep their clothing pure. Impurities are constantly and imperceptibly passing from the body, through the pores, and if the surface of the skin is not kept in a healthy condition, the system is burdened with impure matter. If the clothing worn is not often washed, and frequently aired, it becomes filthy with impurities which are thrown off from the body by sensible and insensible perspiration. And if the garments worn are not frequently cleansed from these impurities, the pores of the skin absorb again the waste matter thrown off. The impurities of the body, if not allowed to escape, are taken back into the blood, and forced upon the internal organs.—How to Live, 60.?{HL 143.1}[8]
§21
620. 关于清洁，上帝现在对祂子民的要求并不比对古以色列人少。忽视清洁会导致疾病。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 61. {HL 143.2}[9]
§22
620. In regard to cleanliness, God requires no less of his people now than he did of ancient Israel. A neglect of cleanliness will induce disease.—How to Live, 61.?{HL 143.2}[9]
§23
621. 耶和华在西奈山所颁布的十诫，不能保存在邋遢成习，不讲卫生的人心中。古时以色列人如果不听从耶和华的吩咐，洁净衣服，就不能聆听神圣法律的颁布。既是这样，圣洁的律法又怎么能写在身体、衣服和住所都不清洁的人心上呢？这是不可能的。他们的表白即使高及上天，也毫无价值。……凡在安息日来聚集敬拜上帝的人，如有可能，都应有一套整洁、得体、合宜的服装穿来敬拜上帝。那些自称安息日是耶和华的圣日是可尊敬的人（赛58:13），在有别的衣服可换时，却在安息日穿着他们那周在农场劳动时所穿的衣服，乃是羞辱安息日。 --H. to L., Chap. 6, p. 59. {HL 143.3}[10]
§24
621. The ten commandments spoken by Jehovah from Sinai cannot live in the hearts of persons of disorderly, filthy habits. If ancient Israel could not so much as listen to the proclamation of that holy law, unless they had obeyed the injunction of Jehovah,?and had cleansed their clothing, how can that sacred law be written upon the hearts of persons who are not cleanly in person, in clothing, or in their houses? It is impossible. Their profession may be as high as heaven, yet it is not worth a straw.... All who meet upon the Sabbath to worship God should, if possible, have a neat, well-fitting, comely suit to wear in the house of worship. It is a dishonor to the Sabbath, and to God and his house, for those who profess that the Sabbath is the holy of the Lord, and honorable, to wear the same clothing upon the Sabbath that they have worn through the week while laboring upon their farms, when they can obtain other.—How to Live, 59.?{HL 143.3}[10]
§25
【儿童的卫生】 【综述】[11]
§26
《Hygiene for Children》
§27
【General Statements】[11]
§28
622. 我注意到几个实例，孩子正被父母错误的仁慈慢慢地杀害。--H. R.1866.9.1 {HL 144.1}[12]
§29
622. Several instances have come under my notice where children are being murdered by inches by the mistaken kindness of parents.—The Health Reformer, September 1, 1866.?{HL 144.1}[12]
§30
623. 母亲在照料婴儿时所采用的平静而镇定的方式，对于陶冶他的心志也有非常的助益。倘若婴儿生来神经过敏或易受刺激，母亲细心而从容的态度必有安抚纠正的作用，可以大大地增进婴儿的健康。--H. to L., Chap. 2, p. 39. {HL 144.2}[13]
§31
623. The calm, self-possessed course the mother pursues in the treatment of her child has very much to do in molding the mind of the infant. If it is nervous and easily agitated, the mother’s careful, unhurried manner will have a soothing and correcting influence, and the health of the infant can be very much improved.—How to Live, 39.?{HL 144.2}[13]
§32
624. 我觉得那些能够乳养儿女的母亲竟用奶瓶来代替母乳，真是冷漠无情。在这种情况下，要特别注意从健康的母牛取乳，使奶瓶和牛奶完美可爱。人们往往忽略了这一点，结果婴孩不必要地受苦，肠胃容易出毛病。尤为遗憾的是，生来健康的婴儿竟变成了病孩。-- H. R.1871.9.1 {HL 144.3}[14]
§33
【Diet】
§34
624. It ever has appeared to me to be cold, heartless business for mothers who can nurse their children to turn them from the maternal breast to the bottle. But in case that is necessary, the greatest care must be exercised to have the milk from a healthy cow, and to have the bottle, as well as the?milk, perfectly sweet. This is frequently neglected, and as the result, the infant is made to suffer needlessly. Disturbances of the stomach and bowels are liable to occur, and the much-to-be-pitied infant becomes diseased, if it were healthy when born.—The Health Reformer, September 1, 1871.?{HL 144.3}[14]
§35
【雇请保姆】
§36
625. 母亲有时依赖奶妈。……于是一个外人来代行母亲的职责，由她的奶作为维持生命的食物。不仅如此，奶妈还把自己的脾气和性情传给了所喂养的婴儿。婴儿的生命与她联在一起。奶妈如果是一个粗暴、冲动和不讲理的人，她如果品行不端，她所喂养的婴儿就很有可能继承了她的秉性，将来变成她那样的人。奶妈血管中所流粗劣的血液，也流在婴儿的血管中。--H. R. {HL 145.1}[15]
§37
【Hired Nurses】
§38
625. Mothers sometimes depend upon a hireling.... A stranger performs the duties of the mother, and gives from her breast the food to sustain life. Nor is this all. She also imparts her temper and her temperament to the nursing child. The child’s life is linked to hers. If the hireling is a coarse type of woman, passionate and unreasonable; if she is not careful in her morals, the nursling will be, in all probability, of the same or similar type. The same quality of blood coursing in the veins of the hireling nurse is in that of the child.—The Health Reformer, September 1, 1871.?{HL 145.1}[15]
§39
【频繁进食】
§40
626. 儿童进食还过于频繁，结果会引起发热和各种病痛。胃不应该持续工作，应当有休息的时间。否则儿童就会易怒、暴躁、经常生病。--H. R. {HL 145.2}[16]
§41
【Frequent Feeding】
§42
626. Children are also fed too frequently, which produces feverishness and suffering in various ways. The stomach should not be kept constantly at work, but should have its periods of rest. Without it children will be peevish and irritable and frequently sick.—The Health Reformer, September 1, 1866.?{HL 145.2}[16]
§43
627. 孩童在襁褓时代应从母亲领受的初步教育，当是身体健康方面。应当只让他们吃清淡的食物，其素质以能保持他们最佳的健康状态为宜，而且饮食也当有定时，每日不超过三餐，若是可能两餐更好。如果训练得法，孩童不久就会明白，哭闹或发脾气是不能得到什么东西的。贤明的母亲必善于训练其孩童，这不但使她自己眼前方便，也是为他们将来的好处。为达此目的，她就要教导孩童约束食欲和克己自制的重要教训，使他们应当为健康着想而饮食、穿衣。--H. to L., Chap. 2, p. 47. {HL 145.3}[17]
§44
627. The first education that children should receive from the mother in infancy should be in regard to their physical health. They should be allowed only plain food, of that quality that would preserve to them the best condition of health, and that should be partaken of only at regular periods, not oftener than three times a day, and two meals would be better than three. If children are disciplined aright, they will soon learn they can?receive nothing by crying and fretting. A judicious mother will act in training her children, not merely in regard to her own present comfort, but for their future good. And to this end she will teach her children the important lesson of controlling the appetite, and of self-denial, that they should eat, drink, and dress in reference to health.—How to Live, 47.?{HL 145.3}[17]
§45
628. 培养不自然的食欲，要比纠正和改良已成为第二天性的胃口容易得多了。……给儿女肉食，并非保证他们成功的最佳食品。……教导你的儿女以肉食为生，会害了他们。……调味浓烈的肉食，继之以丰腻的糕饼，正在损耗儿童重要的消化器官。他们若是惯于健康有益的普通食物，他们的食欲就不会贪求不自然的丰肴盛馔，和混合食品了。--U. T., 1896.11.5 {HL 146.1}[18]
§46
628. It is much easier to create an unnatural appetite than to correct and reform it after it has become second nature.... Meat given to children is not the best thing to insure success.... To educate your children to subsist upon a meat diet would be harmful to them.... Highly seasoned meats, followed by rich pastry, is wearing out the vital organs of the digestion of children. Had they been accustomed to plain, wholesome food, their appetites would not have craved unnatural luxuries and mixed preparations.—Unpublished Testimonies, November 5, 1896. Fresh Air.?{HL 146.1}[18]
§47
【新鲜空气】
§48
629. 母亲对待婴儿的一个大错误，就是不让孩子得到许多新鲜的空气，而孩子是应该享有这些而变得强壮起来的。许多母亲的做法是给婴儿蒙着头睡觉，而且是在温暖的房间里，缺少应有的通风。单单这一点就足以大大削弱孩子心肺的活动，从而影响全身的系统。在可能需要小心保护孩子免受气流冲击的同时，特别应该注意让孩子呼吸到纯净有活力的空气。孩子的房间或孩子周围不应留有任何讨厌的气味。这种东西对软弱的婴儿比对成人更危险。--H. to L., Chap. 5, p. 66. {HL 146.2}[19]
§49
629. One great error of the mother in the treatment of her infant is, she deprives it very much of fresh air, that which it ought to have to make it strong. It is a practise of many mothers to cover their infant’s head while sleeping, and this, too, in a warm room, which is seldom ventilated as it should be. This alone is sufficient to greatly enfeeble the action of the heart and lungs, thereby affecting the whole system. While care may be needful to protect the infant from a draught of air or from any sudden and too great change, especial care should be taken to have the child breathe a pure, invigorating atmosphere. No disagreeable odor should remain in the?nursery or about the child; such things are more dangerous to the feeble infant than to grown persons.—How to Live, 66.?{HL 146.2}[19]
§50
630. 但是还有一种祸害比已经提到的那些更大。婴孩吸入了因许多人呼吸而变坏的空气，其中有些人的气息即使对强壮人的肺来说也是非常讨厌而有害的。婴儿的肺因吸入房间里抽烟者肮脏的呼吸所毒害了的空气而受苦患病。许多婴儿因与吸烟的父亲同床而受到无法补救的毒害。因着吸入肺里和皮肤毛孔里有毒烟草的臭气，婴孩的身体系统里充满了毒素。虽然它作用于一些婴儿像慢性的毒药，影响他们的大脑、心脏、肝脏和肺，使他们逐渐衰弱下来，但它对于其他婴儿却有更直接的影响，会引起痉挛，惊风，瘫痪和暴死。--H. to L., Chap. 5, p. 68. {HL 147.1}[20]
§51
630. But there is an evil greater than those already named. The infant is exposed to a vitiated air caused by many breaths, some of which are very offensive and injurious to the strong lungs of older people. The infant lungs suffer and become diseased by inhaling the atmosphere of a room poisoned by the tobacco user’s tainted breath. Many infants are poisoned beyond remedy by sleeping in beds with their tobacco-using fathers. By inhaling the poisonous tobacco effluvium, which is thrown from the lungs and the pores of the skin, the system of the infant is filled with the poison. While it acts upon some as a slow poison, and affects the brain, heart, liver, and lungs, and they waste away and fade gradually, upon others it has a more direct influence, causing spasms, fits, paralysis, palsy, and sudden death.—How to Live, 68.?{HL 147.1}[20]
§52
【婴孩的衣着】
§53
631. 衣服做得超长，为了能让婴孩穿得住，就用很紧的带子束腰，妨碍心肺的自由活动。婴孩也因衣服过长而承受了不必要的重量，这样穿衣使他们不能自由活动肌肉和四肢。母亲们以为必须压缩婴孩的身体以保持他们的体形，好像担心若不绑着他们就会散架或变得畸形似的。动物变得畸形难道是因为让自然机能自行其事吗？孩子小小的四肢变得不成型是因为他们没有被带子绑紧好使他们成型吗？他们的形状是优雅美好的。在创造主的一切手艺中，人类的婴儿是最完美的，可是最无助，所以，他们的母亲应当受教知晓自然律，以便能够养育他们，使他们在身体、心智和道德上都健康。母亲们哪，自然已经使你们的婴孩成形，不必束着或绑着他们好使他们成型。上帝在把婴孩交给你们照顾之前，已经使他们有骨骼和肌肉，足以支撑他们，保护精细的内部器官。婴儿的衣服应当做得使孩子在吃饱后身体不致受到一点压迫。……另一个引起婴孩和青少年死亡的大原因，乃是让他们的手臂和肩膀裸露的习惯。这种时尚受到多么严厉的谴责都不过分。它已要了成千上万人的性命。空气浸淫着手臂，在腋窝附近周旋，使身体的这些敏感部分变冷，那么接近要害，并且妨碍血液的健康循环，导致疾病，特别是肺部和脑部的疾病。--H to L., Chap. 5, pp. 67-69. {HL 147.2}[21]
§54
【Dress of the Infant】
§55
631. The garments are made extravagantly long, and in order to keep them up on the infant, its body is girded with tight bands, or waists, which hinder the free action of the heart and lungs. Infants are compelled to bear a needless weight because of the length of their garments, and thus clothed, they do not have free use of their muscles and limbs. Mothers have thought it necessary to compress the bodies of their infant children to keep them in shape, as if fearful that without tight bandages they would fall in pieces or become deformed. Do the animal creation become deformed because nature?is left to do her own work? Do the little lambs become deformed because they are not girded about with bands to give them shape? They are delicately and beautifully formed. Human infants are the most perfect, and yet the most helpless, of all the Creator’s handiwork, and therefore their mothers should be instructed in regard to physical laws, so as to be capable of rearing them with physical, mental, and moral health. Mothers, nature has given our infants forms which need no girts or bands to perfect them. God has supplied them with bones and muscles sufficient for their support, and to guard nature’s fine machinery within, before committing it to your care. The dress of the infant should be so arranged that its body will not be in the least compressed after taking a full meal.... Another great cause of mortality among infants and youth, is the custom of leaving their arms and shoulders naked. This fashion cannot be too severely censured. It has cost the lives of thousands. The air, bathing the arms and limbs and circulating about the armpits, chills these sensitive portions of the body so near the vitals, hinders the healthy circulation of the blood, and induces disease, especially of the lungs and brain.—How to Live, 67-69.?{HL 147.2}[21]
§56
632. 依照时尚给自己的孩子穿衣的母亲，危及他们的健康和生命。时尚使孩童的四肢裸露，要不就只穿一件，至多两件衣服。他们若是暴露于寒冷的秋天、春天或冬天，他们的四肢就沐浴在寒冷的气流中。在生命力最大的心脏那里，却穿了四到八件衣服。这些裸露的四肢和脚就变得习惯性寒冷了。在旅行时，常见到小女孩穿得很时尚，却不健康。上身穿了大量衣服，有暖和的外衣，其上披着毛皮衣，而四肢却几乎没穿衣服。……基督徒母亲哪，为何不给你的女儿穿得象你儿子那样舒适得体呢？……他的四肢有三到五件厚衣服保护；她的却只有一件。她更软弱吗？那她就需要更多关照。难道因为她更多在室内，所以就少给她抵御风寒吗？那她就需要加倍的关照。--H. R.1873.1.1 {HL 148.1}[22]
§57
632. Mothers who dress their children in accordance with fashion, endanger their health and life. Fashion leaves the limbs of children unclad, save with one covering, or, at most, two. If they are exposed to the chill autumn, spring, or winter weather, their limbs are bathed in a current of cold air. Over?the heart, where is the greatest amount of vitality, there are from four to eight coverings. These unclad limbs and feet become habitually cold. While traveling, it is customary to see little girls dressed fashionably, but not healthfully. The upper portions of the body are abundantly clothed with warm cloaks, and over these are furs, while the limbs are scarcely covered.... Christian mother, why not clothe your daughter as comfortably and as properly as you do your son? ... His limbs are protected by from three to five thicknesses; hers by only one. Is she feebler? Then she needs the greater care. Is she indoors more, and therefore less protected against cold and storm? Then she needs double care.—The Health Reformer, January 1, 1873.?{HL 148.1}[22]
§58
633. 我们的各城中成立了一些社团，为要防止人虐待不会说话的动物。这事最好更进一步，因为负责任、有理智、能获得永生的人，比不会说话的动物更有价值，更需要成立社团以阻止母亲们在给自己所亲爱的小女孩穿衣方面把她们牺牲给无情的时尚神龛的残忍行为。--H. R.1873.1.1 {HL 149.1}[23]
§59
633. Societies are formed in our cities for the prevention of cruelty to dumb animals. It would be well to go still further, and, inasmuch as accountable intelligences, capable of obtaining life eternal, are of more value than the dumb beasts, there is greater need of societies to prevent the cruelty of mothers in dressing their darling little girls in a manner to sacrifice them at the shrine of cruel fashion.—The Health Reformer, January 1, 1873.?{HL 149.1}[23]
§60
634. 许多父母竟然喜欢让孩子终身吃药。他们总是随时供应药物，孩子因过饱或过累一有轻微不适，就把药倒进他们的喉咙里，要是这还不能使他们感到满意，就去看医生。……孩子服药至死，父母竟安慰自己说已经为孩子尽力了，并且奇怪为什么他们做了那么多要救孩子，孩子还是得死。……这种孩子的墓碑上应该写上：“死于药物治疗。”--H. R. 1866.9.1 {HL 149.2}[24]
§61
【Drugs】
§62
634. There is a disposition with many parents to dose children perpetually with medicine. They always have a supply on hand, and when any slight indisposition is manifested, caused by overeating or exhaustion, the medicine is poured down their throats, and if that does not satisfy them, they send for the doctor.... The child is drugged to death, and the parents console themselves that they?have done all they could for their children, and wonder why they must die when they did so much to save them.... Upon the gravestones of such children should be written, “Died of Drug Medication.”—The Health Reformer, September 1, 1866.?{HL 149.2}[24]
§63
635. 许多母亲觉得自己没有功夫教导儿女，而且为要把他们打发开，及免掉他们的吵闹和麻烦起见，便送他们入学。对于已继承了虚弱体质的儿童来说，教室是一个艰苦的地方。教室的构造一般没有考虑健康，而是注重廉价。教室的安排没有照着原应该的可以通风却不会使孩子们受寒。椅子的设计也很少考虑到孩子们坐得容易，且使他们小小的正在成长的体格处于正确的姿势，以保证肺和心脏的健康活动。年幼的孩子几乎可以长成任何形状，也可藉适当锻炼的习惯和身体的姿势获得健康的形态。年幼的孩子在教室里坐在坚硬的形状不好的长椅子上，一天坐三到五个小时，吸入因许多人呼吸而变得污浊的空气，会摧毁他们的健康和生命。他们软弱的肺受了感染，全身系统的神经活力所源自的大脑也变得虚弱了，因为在心智的器官还没有成熟到足以忍受疲劳之前就被调动去积极活动。{HL 150.1}[25]
§64
【Schools】
§65
635. Many mothers feel that they have not time to instruct their children, and in order to get them out of the way, and get rid of their noise and trouble, they send them to school. The schoolroom is a hard place for children who have inherited enfeebled constitutions. Schoolrooms generally have not been constructed in reference to health, but in regard to cheapness. The rooms have not been arranged so they could be ventilated as they should be without exposing the children to severe cold. The seats have seldom been made so that the children can sit with ease, and keep their little, growing frames in a proper posture to insure healthy action of the lungs and heart. Young children can grow into almost any shape, and can, by habits of proper exercise and positions of the body, obtain healthy forms. It is destructive to the health and life of young children to sit in the schoolroom, upon hard, ill-formed benches, from three to five hours a day, inhaling the air made impure by many breaths. The weak lungs become affected, the brain, from which the nervous energy of the whole system is derived, becomes enfeebled by being called into active exercise before the strength of the mental organs is sufficiently matured to endure fatigue.?{HL 150.1}[25]
§66
在教室里已为各种疾病打下了稳固的根基。然而，更加特别的是，所有器官中最精细的器官，大脑，却往往因太多运用而受到永久的损害。这常常引起炎症，然后是头部水肿，和抽搐及其可怕的结果。……就是那些显然有足够的体力在这种待遇下幸存下来的孩子中，也有许许多多的人终身带着这些影响。脑神经的活力变得那么衰弱，以致他们在成年之后，已不可能经受许多脑力劳动。大脑之精细器官的一些能力似乎已被耗费掉了。……{HL 150.2}[26]
§67
In the schoolroom the foundation has been too surely laid for diseases of various kinds. But, more?especially, the most delicate of all organs, the brain, has often been permanently injured by too great exercise. This has often caused inflammation, then dropsy of the head, and convulsions with their dreaded results.... Of those children who have apparently had sufficient force of constitution to survive this treatment, there are very many who carry the effects of it through life. The nervous energy of the brain becomes so weakened that after they have come to maturity it is impossible for them to endure much mental exercise. The force of some of the delicate organs of the brain seems to be expended....?{HL 150.2}[26]
§68
在孩童时代的最初六或七岁中，应当特别注意体力的训练，过于智力的训练。过此之后，若是体格良好，才当注意两方面的教育。……双亲，尤其是母亲，应当是这等幼小心思的唯一教师。不应该用书本来教导他们。孩童们通常会对自然界的景物有兴趣，爱发问题。他们对于耳闻目睹的各种事物爱查爱问，父母应当利用这种机会来教导，耐心地回答那些小问题。-- H. to L., Chap. 2, pp. 42, 44. {HL 151.1}[27]
§69
During the first six or seven years of a child’s life, special attention should be given to its physical training, rather than to the intellect. After this period, if the physical constitution is good, the education of both should receive attention.... Parents, especially mothers, should be the only teachers of such infant minds. They should not educate from books. The children generally will be inquisitive to learn the things of nature. They will ask questions in regard to the things they see and hear, and parents should improve the opportunity to instruct and patiently answer these little inquiries.—How to Live, 42, 44.?{HL 151.1}[27]
§70
【母亲的卫生】
§71
636. 认为妇女在分娩前的生活与平时毫无二致，乃是常见的错误。--T., V. II, p. 381. {HL 151.2}[28]
§72
【Hygiene of Motherhood】
§73
636. It is an error generally committed to make no difference in the life of a woman previous to the birth of her children.—Testimonies for the Church 2:381.?{HL 151.2}[28]
§74
637. 在过去的世代，若是母亲们曾获悉自身生命的律法，她们原会明白，自己体质的力量，道德的品质和智力的才能，在很大程度上会再现于他们儿女的身上。她们忽略这个关系如此重大的问题，就是犯罪。许多女人本来决不应成为母亲。她们的血液里充斥着她们的父母遗传给她们的淋巴结核，这些瘰疬又因她们粗俗的生活方式而增多了。她们的理智已被打倒，成了奴隶，侍奉兽性食欲，这种父母生出的孩子已经成了可怜的受害者，对社会没有什么用处。…… {HL 151.3}[29]
§75
637. In past generations, if mothers had?informed themselves in regard to the laws of their being, they would have understood that their constitutional strength, as well as the tone of their morals, and their mental faculties, would in a great measure be represented in their offspring. Their ignorance upon this subject, where so much is involved, is criminal. Many women never should have become mothers. Their blood was filled with scrofula, transmitted to them from their parents, and increased by their gross manner of living. The intellect has been brought down and enslaved to serve the animal appetites, and children born of such parents have been poor sufferers, and of but little use to society....?{HL 151.3}[29]
§76
妻子和母亲们原本应对社会发挥一种有益的影响，提高道德标准，却因家中的各种操心事，由于流行的、摧毁健康的烹饪方式，也由于太频繁地生养孩子而成了社会的损失。她被迫受不必要的痛苦，因为大大透支她的生命资源，她的体力衰败了，智力也变弱了。……母亲在生产后代之前，若总是保持自制，认识到自己正在把品格的印记传给将来的世代，那么社会的现状就不会在品格上如此低落了。{HL 152.1}[30]
§77
Wives and mothers who otherwise would have had a beneficial influence upon society in raising the standard of morals, have been lost to society through multiplicity of home cares, because of the fashionable, health-destroying manner of cooking, and also in consequence of too frequent child-bearing. They have been compelled to needless suffering, the constitution has failed, and the intellect has become weakened by so great a draught upon the vital resources.... If the mother, before the birth of her offspring, had always possessed self-control, realizing that she was giving the stamp of character to future generations, the present state of society would not be so depreciated in character as at the present time.?{HL 152.1}[30]
§78
每一位将要作母亲的妇女，不拘环境如何，都要时刻培养愉快知足的性情，认识到她在这方面的努力，必在儿女的身体、道德和品格方面得到十倍的报赏。--H. to L., Chap. 2, pp. 37, 38. {HL 152.2}[31]
§79
Every woman about to become a mother, whatever may be her surroundings, should encourage constantly a happy, cheerful, contented disposition, knowing that for all her efforts in this direction she will be?repaid tenfold in the physical as well as the moral character of her offspring.—How to Live, 37, 38.?{HL 152.2}[31]
§80
638. 母亲所处的环境应当密切注意，务求使之舒适愉快。……有些妇女在分娩时所得到的照顾，还不如马厩里的牲口所得到的一半呢！ --T., V. II, p. 383. {HL 153.1}[32]
§81
638. Great care should be exercised to have the surroundings of the mother pleasant and happy.... Not half the care is taken of some women while they are bearing children that is taken of animals in the stable.—Testimonies for the Church 2:383.?{HL 153.1}[32]
§82
【辛劳的母亲】
§83
639. 作母亲的在许多情况下，在儿女出生前竟蒙允许早晚操劳，使自己的血液发热。……她的体力原应得到温柔的爱护。……她的担子和操劳很少会减轻，而她和所有其他人都应休息的那个时期，却成了一个疲乏、悲伤、阴郁的时期。她既过劳，便剥夺了自然机能提供给她腹中儿女的营养，又因她的血液发热，而把劣质的血液传给了自己的孩子。孩子被剥夺了活力，体力和智力。--H. to L., Chap. 2, p. 33. {HL 153.2}[33]
§84
【Toiling Mothers】
§85
639. The mother, in many cases previous to the birth of her children, is permitted to toil early and late, heating her blood.... Her strength should have been tenderly cherished.... Her burdens and cares are seldom lessened, and that period, which should be to her of all others a time of rest, is one of fatigue, sadness, and gloom. By too great exertion on her part, she deprives her offspring of that nutrition which nature has provided for it, and by heating her own blood, she imparts to the child a bad quality of blood. The offspring is robbed of its vitality, robbed of physical and mental strength.—How to Live, 33.?{HL 153.2}[33]
§86
【母亲过劳对婴孩的影响】
§87
640. 许多作母亲的在乳养婴孩的时期中操劳过度，或由于烹饪食物的缘故而使血液发热。以致她的婴孩受到了严重的影响，不但从母亲的奶汁中吸收了刺激性的成分，并且他的血液也因母亲不卫生的饮食而受到了毒害。……婴孩也必受母亲的心境所影响。她若时常抑郁不乐，易受刺激，暴躁易怒，好发脾气，则婴孩从母体所吸收的养料中必含有发炎的质素，结果往往使婴孩患上了疝痛，抽筋等症，有时还会引起剧烈的痉挛。--H. to L., Chap. 2, p. 39. {HL 153.3}[34]
§88
【Effect of the Mother’s Overwork on the Infant】
§89
640. Many mothers, while nursing their infants, have been permitted to overlabor, and to heat their blood in cooking, and the nurseling has been seriously affected, not only with fevered nourishment from the mother’s breast, but its blood has been poisoned by the unhealthful diet of the mother.... The infant will also be affected by the condition of the mother’s mind. If she is unhappy, easily agitated, irritable, giving vent to outbursts of passion, the nourishment the infant receives from its mother will be affected, often producing colic, spasms, and,?in some instances causing convulsions.—How to Live, 39.?{HL 153.3}[34]
§90
641. 在这重要的时期，应该竭力减轻母亲的操劳。她的体内正起着极大的变化。她需要更大量的血液，因此必须多吃那些富有营养的食物，好使其转化为血液。如果不充分地供给她营养丰富的食物，她就无法维持体力，而结果她儿女的精力便被剥夺了。……她的儿女必不能使所进用的食物变成良好的血液以保养身体系统。……应当体谅产妇身体比常人有更多的消耗，而予以供应和补充。--T., V. II, pp. 381, 382. {HL 154.1}[35]
§91
【Diet】
§92
641. At this important period the labor of the mother should be lightened. Great changes are going on in her system. It requires a greater amount of blood, and therefore an increase of food of the most nourishing quality to convert into blood. Unless she has an abundant supply of nutritious food, she cannot retain her physical strength, and her offspring is robbed of vitality.... There will be an inability in the offspring to appropriate food which it can convert into good blood to nourish the system.... The extra draught upon the vitality of the mother must be considered and provided for.—Testimonies for the Church 2:381, 382.?{HL 154.1}[35]
§93
【易变的食欲】
§94
642. 但是，从另一方面来说，如果因为孕妇的特殊情况，便让她放纵食欲，大吃大喝，这却是基于习俗、而与纯正理性无关的一种错误。妊娠期中的妇女，食欲变化多端，没有定数，很难满足。照一般的习俗，便是让她想吃什么吃什么，不向理性请教这等食物是否给她的身体和胎儿生长供应适当的营养。孕妇的食物应当富有营养，但却不应有刺激性。习俗的说法，如果她要肉食、腌渍品，或是香料浓烈的食物和肉饼，都当让她吃，只要她有胃口就行。这实在是一种大错，而且害处甚多，简直无法估计。若是有一个时期是需要简朴的饮食和特别注意食物的质量，那就是这个十分重要的妊娠时期了。凡是注重原则且受过良好指教的妇女，在这种时期绝不会稍离饮食简朴的习惯，正如在其他时期一样。她们必考虑到另有一条生命仰赖着她们，也必注意她们的一切生活习惯，特别是饮食习惯。--T., V. II, p. 382. {HL 154.2}[36]
§95
【Variable Appetite】
§96
642. But, on the other hand, the idea that women, because of their special condition, may let the appetite run riot, is a mistake based on custom, but not on sound sense. The appetite of women in this condition may be variable, fitful, and difficult to gratify; and custom allows her to have anything she may fancy, without consulting reason as to whether such food can supply nutrition for her body and for the growth of her child. The food should be nutritious, but should not be of an exciting quality. Custom says that if she wants flesh meats, pickles, spiced food, or mince pies, let her have them; appetite alone is to be consulted. This is a great mistake, and does much harm. The harm cannot be estimated. If ever there is need of simplicity of diet and special care as to the quality of food eaten, it is at this important period. Women who possess?principle, and who are well instructed, will not depart from simplicity of diet at this time of all others. They will consider that another life is dependent upon them, and will be careful in all their habits, especially in diet.—Testimonies for the Church 2:382.?{HL 154.2}[36]
§97
643. 母亲从被迫领受的食物不能供应良好的血液，因此她所生产的儿女体质不良。--T., V. II, p. 379. {HL 155.1}[37]
§98
643. From the food the mother was compelled to receive, she could not furnish a good quality of blood, and therefore gave birth to children filled with humors.—Testimonies for the Church 2:379.?{HL 155.1}[37]
§99
644. 她的衣着也必须加以注意。应该十分谨慎，免得身体受凉。她不可因穿着不够的衣服而无谓地将热量消耗在皮肤上面。……母子的健壮大半基于良好而暖和的衣服，以及富有营养的食物。--T., V. II, p. 382. {HL 155.2}[38]
§100
【Clothing】
§101
644. Her clothing also demands attention. Care should be taken to protect the body from a sense of chilliness. She should not call vitality unnecessarily to the surface to supply the want of sufficient clothing.... The prosperity of mother and child depends much upon good, warm clothing, and a supply of nourishing food.—Testimonies for the Church 2:382.?{HL 155.2}[38]
§102
645. 因母亲在饮食和着装上的错误习惯，许许多多的孩童生来血液就感染了淋巴结核。如今发生的许多流产通常可追溯到时髦的服装。--H. R. {HL 155.3}[39]
§103
645. Very many children are born with their blood tainted with scrofula, through the wrong habits of the mother in her eating and dressing. The very many miscarriages that now occur may generally be traced to fashionable dress.—The Health Reformer, November 1, 1871.?{HL 155.3}[39]
§104
【病房的卫生】
§105
646. 我们只有尽力维护健康，才可指望蒙福的结果随之而来，并凭着信心求上帝赐福我们为保障健康而作的种种努力。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 64. {HL 155.4}[40]
§106
【Hygiene of the Sick-Room】
§107
646. When we do all we can on our part to have health, then may we expect that blessed results will follow, and we can ask God in faith to bless our efforts for the preservation of health.—How to Live, 64.?{HL 155.4}[40]
§108
647. 成千上万的人因缺乏纯净的水和清洁的空气而死，他们原本可以活着。……这些福气是他们复原所需要的。他们若肯受启迪，不用药物，且使自己习惯于户外的锻炼，让自己家无论冬夏都通风，饮用纯净的水，用清水沐浴，就会相当健康和幸福，而不是苟延残喘地过生活。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 56. {HL 155.5}[41]
§109
647. Thousands have died for want of pure water and pure air, who might have lived.... These blessings they need in order to become well. If they would become enlightened, and let medicine?alone, and accustom themselves to outdoor exercise, and to air in their houses, summer and winter, and use soft water for drinking and bathing purposes, they would be comparatively well and happy instead of dragging out a miserable existence.—How to Live, 56.?{HL 155.5}[41]
§110
648. 既然那些健康的人都需要阳光和空气的福气，需要遵守清洁的习惯以便保持健康，病人在衰弱的状况就相应地更需要这些了。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 60. {HL 156.1}[42]
§111
648. If those who are well need the blessing of light and air, and need to observe habits of cleanliness in order to remain well, the sick are in still greater need of them in proportion to their debilitated condition.—How to Live, 60.?{HL 156.1}[42]
§112
649. 同样最重要的是，病人的房间从开始就要适当通风。这会使患者受益，而且对于那些被迫长时间留在病房里的人保持健康是非常必要的。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 54. {HL 156.2}[43]
§113
【Ventilation】
§114
649. It is also of the greatest importance that the sick-room, from the first, be properly ventilated. This will be beneficial to the afflicted, and highly necessary to keep those well who are compelled to remain a length of time in the sick-room.—How to Live, 54.?{HL 156.2}[43]
§115
650. 有一批可悲的祸害源于排斥上天纯净空气的病房。凡呼吸这种有毒空气的人，都违背了自身生命的定律，必定遭受惩罚。 --H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 58. {HL 156.3}[44]
§116
650. There is a lamentable catalogue of evils which have their origin in the sick-room, from which the pure air of heaven is excluded. All who breathe this poisonous atmosphere violate the laws of their being, and must suffer the penalty.—How to Live, 58.?{HL 156.3}[44]
§117
651. 在病房中每呼吸一口有活力的空气都具有最大的价值，尽管许多病人对这一点很无知。他们感到非常沮丧，却不知道怎么回事。一道纯净的气流经过他们的房间，就会对他们有快乐活泼的影响。……无论日夜，病人的房间应当尽量有气流通过。气流不应直接冲到病人身上。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 59. {HL 156.4}[45]
§118
651. Every breath of vital air in the sick-room is of the greatest value, although many of the sick are very ignorant on this point. They feel very much depressed, and do not know what the matter is. A draught of pure air through their room would have a happy, invigorating influence upon them.... The sick-room, if possible, should have a draught of air through it day and night. The draught should not?come directly upon the invalid.—How to Live, 59.?{HL 156.4}[45]
§119
652. 在晴朗舒适的天气，决不应剥夺病人充足的新鲜空气的供应。……对病人来说，新鲜空气会证明比药物更有益处，而且对他们来说远比食物重要。给他们新鲜空气比给他们食物能使他们做得更好，恢复得更快。……他们房间的构造可能会因打开门窗而使他们直接接触到气流从而着凉。在这种情况下，就应该打开隔壁房间的门窗，从而让新鲜空气进入病人所在的房间。-- H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 55. {HL 157.1}[46]
§120
652. In pleasant weather the sick in no case should be deprived of a full supply of fresh air.... Fresh air will prove more beneficial to the sick than medicine, and is far more essential to them than their food. They will do better and recover sooner deprived of food than of fresh air.... Their rooms may not always be so constructed as to allow the windows or doors to open in their rooms without the draughts coming directly upon them, and exposing them to take cold. In such cases windows and doors should be opened in an adjoining room, and thus let the fresh air enter the room occupied by the sick.—How to Live, 55.?{HL 157.1}[46]
§121
653. 如果没有别的办法可施，就应尽量将病人挪到别的房间，换一张床，而让原来的病房和病床和床上的被褥都藉着通风洁净一番。 --H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 60. {HL 157.2}[47]
§122
653. If no other way can be devised, the sick, if possible, should be removed to another room and another bed, while the sick-room, the bed and bedding, are being purified by ventilation.—How to Live, 60.?{HL 157.2}[47]
§123
654. 房间保持稳定的温度对病人来说是有很大价值的。如果让护理人员自行判断，不一定能定下恰当的温度，因为他们可能不是合适温度的最佳判断者。有些人需要的温度比别人高些，只有在别人会感到热得不舒服的房间才感到舒适。如果让这些人自由控制炉火，迎合他们认为合适的热度，病房的空气绝不会恒常适当。……病人的亲友或陪伴的人因忧虑、守候而睡眠不足，夜间在病房里被突然唤醒进行护理，这使他们容易受寒。这样的人是不能恰当决定病房的有益健康的温度的。这些事或许看起来不是很重要，但它们与病人的康复有很大的关系。在许多情况下，生命因病房温度的极端变化而受到了危害。--H. to L., Chap 4, pp. 54, 55. {HL 157.3}[48]
§124
【Temperature】
§125
654. It is of great value to the sick to have an even temperature in the room. This cannot always be correctly determined, if left to the judgment of the attendants, for they may not be the best judges of a right temperature. Some persons require more heat than others, and would be only comfortable in a room which to another would be uncomfortably warm. If each of these is at liberty to arrange the fires to suit her ideas of proper heat, the atmosphere in the sick-room will be anything but regular.... The friends of the sick, or attendants, who through anxiety and watching are deprived of sleep, and who?are suddenly awakened in the night from sleep to attend in the sick-room, are liable to chilliness. Such are not correct thermometers of the healthful temperature of a sick-room. These things may appear of small account, but they have very much to do with the recovery of the sick. In many instances life has been imperiled by extreme changes of the temperature of the sick-room.—How to Live, 54, 55.?{HL 157.3}[48]
§126
655. 在高烧肆虐时，很少会有着凉的危险。但是当危险期来临，高烧在消退时，就要特别小心。那时就可能需要不断看护以保持身体的生命力。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 60. {HL 158.1}[49]
§127
655. While burning fevers are raging, there is but little danger of taking cold. But especial care is needful when the crisis comes, and fever is passing away. Then constant watching may be necessary to keep vitality in the system—How to Live, 60.?{HL 158.1}[49]
§128
656. 又热又压抑的空气，缺乏活力，麻木了敏感的大脑。--T., V. I, p. 702. {HL 158.2}[50]
§129
656. The heated, oppressed atmosphere, deprived of vitality, benumbs the sensitive brain.—Testimonies for the Church 1:702.?{HL 158.2}[50]
§130
657. 热病若进入家庭，往往不只一人发烧。如果家人的生活习惯是正确的，就不必这样。如果他们照着所应当的吃喝，并且遵守清洁的习惯，认识到通风的必要性，热病就不会延及家庭的另一个成员。发烧在家庭中流行，和护理人员易发烧的原因，是因为没有藉着清洁和适当的通风使病房免受有毒的感染。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 57. {HL 158.3}[51]
§131
【Cleanliness】
§132
657. If fevers enter a family, often more than one have the same fever. This need not be if the habits of the family are correct. If their diet is as it should be, and they observe habits of cleanliness and realize the necessity of ventilation, the fever need not extend to another member of the family. The reason that fevers prevail in families and expose the attendants, is because the sick-room is not kept free from poisonous infection, by cleanliness and proper ventilation.—How to Live, 57.?{HL 158.3}[51]
§133
658. 许多人任由腐烂的蔬菜留在房前屋后，一点不知这些东西的影响。这些腐烂的物质不断发出一种毒害空气的臭气。因吸入不洁的空气，血液就受了毒害，肺部受了感染，周身都患病了。吸入被这些腐烂物质感染了的空气，会引起各种各样的疾病。-- H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 61. {HL 158.4}[52]
§134
658. Many suffer decayed vegetable matter to remain about their premises. They are not awake to the influence of these things. There is constantly arising from these decaying substances an effluvium?that is poisoning the air; by inhaling the impure air, the blood is poisoned, the lungs become affected, and the whole system is diseased. Disease of almost every description will be caused by inhaling the atmosphere affected by these decaying substances.—How to Live, 61.?{HL 158.4}[52]
§135
659. 病房中应当避免一切不必要的噪音和兴奋，整栋房子都应尽量保持安静。无知、健忘和粗心大意已经使许多人丧命，他们若受到明智体贴的看护，适当的照顾，原可以活下来。开门关门都应极其小心，看护人员应该从容不迫，沉着自持。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 59. {HL 159.1}[53]
§136
【Quiet】
§137
659. All unnecessary noise and excitement should be avoided in the sick-room, and the whole house should be kept as quiet as possible. Ignorance, forgetfulness, and recklessness have caused the death of many who might have lived had they received proper care from judicious, thoughtful attendants. The doors should be opened and shut with great care, and the attendants should be unhurried, calm, and self-possessed.—How to Live, 59.?{HL 159.1}[53]
§138
660. 夜间有看护的普遍习惯已给病人带来了许多伤害。在危急的情况中，这或许是必要的，但这种惯例对病人往往害多益少。……即使只有一个看护也会多多少少造成激动，搅扰病人。但是却有两个看护，他们常常一起交谈，有时是大声交谈，更多的时候是低声耳语，这比大声讲话更使病人的神经觉得激动难受。 ……如有可能，护理病人的应该留下病人安静休息，自己则住在隔壁的房间。……病人一般因太多的来宾和访客而受累，这些人与他们交谈，引进不同的话题，使他们疲惫，其实他们需要安静和不受打扰的休息。……正是错误的好意诱使许多人出于礼貌去看望病人。病人在接待来访者后，往往会度过一个失眠、痛苦的夜晚。他们或多或少有些兴奋，所起的反应对他们已经衰弱的精力来说是太大了，这些时尚访问的结果是他们被带入了非常危险的状态，因缺乏体贴慎重而丧命了。……在许许多多的情况下，这些时尚的访问却扭转了病人正在恢复的局面，使天平倾向死亡一边了。那些不能使自己有助益的人，在看望病人的事上要小心。--H. to L., Chap. 4, p. 58. {HL 159.2}[54]
§139
660. Much harm has resulted to the sick from the universal custom of having watchers at night. In critical cases this may be necessary; but it is often the case that more harm than good is done the sick by this practise.... Even one watcher will make more or less stir, which disturbs the sick. But where there are two, they often converse together, sometimes aloud, but more frequently in whispered tones, which is far more trying and exciting to the nerves of the sick than talking aloud.... Attendants upon the sick should, if possible, leave them to quiet and rest through the night, while they occupy a room adjoining.... The sick as a general thing are taxed with too many visitors and callers, who chat with them, and weary them by introducing different topics of conversation, when they need quiet and undisturbed rest.... It is a?mistaken kindness that leads so many, out of courtesy, to visit the sick. Often have they spent a sleepless, suffering night after receiving visitors. They have been more or less excited, and the reaction has been too great for their already debilitated energies, and as the result of these fashionable calls, they have been brought into very dangerous conditions, and lives have been sacrificed for the want of thoughtful prudence.... In very many instances these fashionable calls have turned the scale when the invalid was recovering, and the balance has borne them down to death. Those who cannot make themselves useful should be cautious in regard to visiting the sick.—How to Live, 58.?{HL 159.2}[54]