第80章 体育
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第80章 体育Physical Culture（《教育论》第210-213页，1903年）
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经常令教师感到困恼的一个问题，是如何为学生提供合适的娱乐。体育运动在许多学校中发挥重要的作用；但若缺乏细心的监管，就往往行之过度。许多青年在健身房为了大显身手，而自己带来了终生的伤害。{CH189.1}[1]
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[Education, 210-213 (1903).]
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The question of suitable recreation for their pupils is one that teachers often find perplexing. Gymnastic exercises fill a useful place in many schools, but without careful supervision they are often carried to excess. In the gymnasium many youth, by their attempted feats of strength, have done themselves lifelong injury.?{CH 189.1}[1]
§5
健身房内的运动，不论如何妥为实施，也不能代替户外的活动，因此我们的学校应提供较好的机会。要让学生进行积极的锻炼。没有什么祸害比怠惰闲懒更为可怕的了。然而大部分体育运动的趋势，却令关心青年福利的人十分担忧。教师们一想到这些运动对学生学业的进步和日后生活的成功所产生的影响时，就心里不安。运动耗费了学生大量的时间，使他们在学习上分了心。这些运动既无助于预备青年在人生中从事认真实际的工作，其影响也不足以养成高雅，豁达或真正男子汉的气概。{CH189.2}[2]
§6
Exercise in a gymnasium, however well conducted, cannot supply the place of recreation in the open air, and for this our schools should offer better opportunity. Vigorous exercise the pupils must have. Few evils are more to be dreaded than indolence and aimlessness. Yet the tendency of most athletic sports is a subject of anxious thought to those who have at heart the well-being of the youth. Teachers are troubled as they consider the influence of these sports both on the student’s progress in school and on his success in afterlife. The games that occupy so much of his time are diverting the mind from study. They are not helping to prepare the youth for practical, earnest work in life. Their influence does not tend toward refinement, generosity, or real manliness.?{CH 189.2}[2]
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一些最流行的娱乐项目，比如足球和拳击，已成了非常野蛮的活动，培养了古罗马竞技的特性。争霸的野心，崇尚暴力的傲慢，对生命的蔑视，都在败坏青年人的道德；这是非常可怕的。{CH189.3}[3]
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Some of the most popular amusements, such as football and boxing, have become schools of brutality. They are developing the same characteristics as did the games of ancient Rome. The love of domination, the pride in mere brute force, the reckless disregard of life, are exerting upon the youth a power to demoralize that is appalling.?{CH 189.3}[3]
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其他体育项目虽然没有那么野蛮，也带来同样的祸害，因为人往往沉湎过其中。这些运动诱发人寻求娱乐和刺激，对有用的劳动感到乏味，并产生避免实际职责的倾向。这些运动还破坏人对于生活严肃现实和宁静快乐的兴趣，打开了纵欲违法的门户，造成了可怕的结果。{CH189.4}[4]
§10
Other athletic games, though not so brutalizing, are scarcely less objectionable, because of the excess to which they are carried. They stimulate the love of pleasure and excitement, thus fostering a distaste for useful labor, a?disposition to shun practical duties and responsibilities. They tend to destroy a relish for life’s sober realities and its tranquil enjoyments. Thus the door is opened to dissipation and lawlessness, with their terrible results.?{CH 189.4}[4]
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【联谊会】
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在一般情况下，联谊会也会妨碍人心智或品格的真正发展。滥交、奢侈、寻欢作乐和放荡的习惯一经养成，就会贻害终身。父母和教师应当提供健康而又有乐趣的活动来代替这些娱乐。{CH190.1}[5]
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【Parties of Pleasure】
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As ordinarily conducted, parties of pleasure also are a hindrance to real growth, either of mind or of character. Frivolous associations, habits of extravagance, of pleasure seeking, and too often of dissipation, are formed, that shape the whole life for evil. In place of such amusements, parents and teachers can do much to supply diversions wholesome and life-giving.?{CH 190.1}[5]
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在这件事上，正如在有关我们福利的所有事情上一样，圣经已经指明了道路。古时在上帝指导之下的百姓，生活是简朴的。他们的住处贴近大自然。他们儿女分担父母的辛劳，并研究自然宝库的美丽与奥秘。他们在田野和森林的寂静处，思考那世代相传、作为神圣托付的伟大真理。这种训练能造就健壮的人。{CH190.2}[6]
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In this, as in all things else that concern our well-being, Inspiration has pointed the way. In early ages, with the people who were under God’s direction, life was simple. They lived close to the heart of nature. Their children shared in the labor of the parents and studied the beauties and mysteries of nature’s treasure house. And in the quiet of field and wood they pondered those mighty truths handed down as a sacred trust from generation to generation. Such training produced strong men.?{CH 190.2}[6]
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【户外活动】
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现代的生活已经变成矫揉造作；人自身也堕落了。我们不可能完全恢复古人简朴的习惯，但我们可以从他们身上学到教训，使我们正当的娱乐活动真正有利于身心的成长。{CH190.3}[7]
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【Outdoor Occupations】
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In this age, life has become artificial and men have degenerated. While we may not return fully to the simple habits of those early times, we may learn from them lessons that will make our seasons of recreation what the name implies—seasons of true upbuilding for body and mind and soul.?{CH 190.3}[7]
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家庭和学校的环境与娱乐活动有很大的关系。在选择家庭和学校的地址时，应当考虑这些因素。凡重视身心健康胜过金钱或社会的要求与时尚的人，应当为子女谋求大自然教训的益处，在自然界的环境中娱乐。每一所学校若能设在这样的环境中，使学生有田地可以耕种，并接近田野和森林，对教育的工作必大有帮助。{CH190.4}[8]
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With the question of recreation the surroundings of the home and the school have much to do. In the choice of a home or the location of a school these things should?be considered. Those with whom mental and physical well-being is of greater moment than money or the claims and customs of society should seek for their children the benefit of nature’s teaching, and recreation amidst her surroundings. It would be a great aid in educational work could every school be so situated as to afford the pupils land for cultivation and access to the fields and woods.?{CH 190.4}[8]
§23
在学生的娱乐活动中，教师能藉着亲自的合作而取得良好的效果。真正的教师所能给与他学生的礼物，是很少能比他亲自与学生交往更有价值的。我们惟有本着同情心与他们接触，才能理解他们。我们必须先理解人，才能提供最有效的帮助。与成年的男女交往是如此，与青年及儿童结交则更是如此。要加强师生之间的同情心，最有效的方法莫过于在课外与学生作愉快的交往。在有些学校中，每逢举行娱乐活动的时候，教师常与学生在一起，与他们一同活动，陪他们出行，与他们打成一片。我们的学校若能更普遍地采用这种办法，那就好了。教师需要作出很大的牺牲，但他也必有丰盛的收获。{CH191.1}[9]
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In lines of recreation for the student, the best results will be attained through the personal co-operation of the teacher. The true teacher can impart to his pupils few gifts so valuable as the gift of his own companionship. It is true of men and women, and how much more of youth and children, that only as we come in touch through sympathy can we understand them; and we need to understand in order most effectively to benefit. To strengthen the tie of sympathy between teacher and student there are few means that count so much as pleasant association together outside the schoolroom. In some schools the teacher is always with his pupils in their hours of recreation. He unites in their pursuits, accompanies them in their excursions, and seems to make himself one with them. Well would it be for our schools were this practice more generally followed. The sacrifice demanded of the teacher would be great, but he would reap a rich reward.?{CH 191.1}[9]
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最有益于青少年的娱乐，莫过于那些能给别人带来帮助的活动。青年人生性热情易感，对于诱导能迅速作出反应。教师们在计划栽种花木时，应设法引起学生们对于美化校园和教室的兴趣。这会带来双重的益处。学生决不会破坏自己所美化的地方。同时高尚的品味，遵纪守法的意识和爱护公物的习惯也将得到鼓励。所培养友爱与合作的精神，将使学生受益终身。{CH191.2}[10]
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No recreation helpful only to themselves will prove so great a blessing to the children and youth as that which makes them helpful to others. Naturally enthusiastic and impressible, the young are quick to respond to suggestions. In planning for the culture of plants, let the teacher seek to awaken an interest in beautifying the school grounds and the schoolroom. A double benefit will result. That which the pupils seek to beautify they will be unwilling to have marred or defaced. A refined taste, a love?of order, and a habit of caretaking will be encouraged; and the spirit of fellowship and co-operation developed will prove to the pupils a lifelong blessing.?{CH 191.2}[10]
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从事园艺劳动或去郊野森林游览还有一种益处，就是促使学生关心那些未能来到这些美好地方的人，让他们一起来欣赏自然的美景。S{CH192.1}[11]
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So also a new interest may be given to the work of the garden or the excursion in field and wood, as the pupils are encouraged to remember those shut in from these pleasant places and to share with them the beautiful things of nature.?{CH 192.1}[11]
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细心的教师会发现许多引导学生帮助别人的机会。小孩子特别信任和敬仰教师。只要教师提示他们在家中帮助家务，在日常活动中忠心，为有病和贫苦的人服务，就肯定会有成效。这件事的益处也是双方面的。好主意对于提出的人自己也有好处。家长的感激与合作会减轻教师的负担，并照亮他的道路。{CH192.2}[12]
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The watchful teacher will find many opportunities for directing pupils to acts of helpfulness. By little children especially the teacher is regarded with almost unbounded confidence and respect. Whatever he may suggest as to ways of helping in the home, faithfulness in the daily tasks, ministry to the sick or the poor, can hardly fail of bringing forth fruit. And thus again a double gain will be secured. The kindly suggestion will react upon its author. Gratitude and co-operation on the part of the parents will lighten the teacher’s burden and brighten his path.?{CH 192.2}[12]
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【抵制罪恶的保障】
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对于娱乐活动和体育的关注，有时无疑会打断学校正常的工作程序。但这种打断不会带来真正的妨碍。在身心的运动中，培养了无私的精神，用共同兴趣和友谊的纽带将师生联结起来。这样付出的光阴和努力，必有百倍的收获。青年人本来容易造成危害的活跃精力将得到有益的排解。作为抵制罪恶的保障，专心关注善事，比无数法规和纪律的约束更有价值。{CH192.3}[13]
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【A Safeguard Against Evil】
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Attention to recreation and physical culture will at times, no doubt, interrupt the regular routine of school-work; but the interruption will prove no real hindrance. In the invigoration of mind and body, the fostering of an unselfish spirit and the binding together of pupil and teacher by the ties of common interest and friendly association, the expenditure of time and effort will be repaid a hundredfold. A blessed outlet will be afforded for that restless energy which is so often a source of danger to the young. As a safeguard against evil, the preoccupation of the mind with good is worth more than unnumbered barriers of law and discipline.?{CH 192.3}[13]