第21章 清洁的空气和阳光
§1
第21章 清洁的空气和阳光
§2
Pure Air and Sunlight
§3
（《如何生活》第4部分，第55-62页，发表于1865年）
§4
在晴朗舒适的天气，决不应剥夺病人充足的新鲜空气的供应。他们房间的构造可能会因打开门窗而使他们直接接触到气流从而着凉。在这种情况下，就应该打开隔壁房间的门窗，从而让新鲜空气进入病人所在的房间。对病人来说，新鲜空气会证明比药物更有益处，而且对他们来说远比食物重要。不给他们食物会比不给他们新鲜空气使他们做得更好，恢复得更快。{CH55.1}[1]
§5
[How to Live, Part 4, pp. 55-62. Published in 1865.]
§6
In no case should sick persons be deprived of a full supply of fresh air in pleasant weather. Their rooms may not always be so constructed as to allow the windows or doors to be opened, without the draft coming directly upon them, thus exposing them to the taking of cold. In such cases windows and doors should be opened in an adjoining room, thus letting fresh air enter the room occupied by the sick. Fresh air will prove far more beneficial to sick persons than medicine, and is far more essential to them than their food. They will do better, and will recover sooner, when deprived of food, than when deprived of fresh air.?{CH 55.1}[1]
§7
许多病人数周和数月禁闭在严密的房间里，与阳光和天上纯净、凉爽的空气隔绝，好像空气是一个死敌似的，其实这样的空气正是病人复原所需要的良药。……上天所提供的这些有价值的疗法，不用银钱，不用价值，却被弃置一旁，不仅被人认为是没有价值的，甚至被认为是危险的仇敌，而医生所开的有毒药物却被人盲信地接受了。{CH55.2}[2]
§8
Many invalids have been confined for weeks and even for months in close rooms, with the light and the pure, invigorating air of heaven shut out, as if air were a deadly enemy, when it was just the medicine they needed to make them well.... These valuable remedies which Heaven has provided, without money and without price, were cast aside and considered not only as worthless, but even as dangerous enemies, while poisons, prescribed by physicians, were in blind confidence taken.?{CH 55.2}[2]
§9
成千上万的人因缺乏纯净的水和清洁的空气而死，他们原本可以活着。又有成千上万的人过着病人的生活，是自己和别人的重担，以为自己的性命依赖于服用医生开的药。他们总是保护自己不通风，也避免用水。这些福气是他们复原所需要的。他们若肯受启迪，不用药物，且使自己习惯于户外的锻炼，让自己家无论冬夏都通风，饮用纯净的水，用清水沐浴，就会相当健康和幸福，而不是苟延残喘地过生活。{CH55.3}[3]
§10
Thousands have died for want of pure water and pure air who might have lived. And thousands of invalids, who are a burden to themselves and others, think that their lives depend upon taking medicines from the doctors. They are continually guarding themselves against the air and avoiding the use of water. These blessings they need in order to become well. If they would become enlightened and let medicine alone, and accustom themselves to outdoor exercise and to air in their houses, summer and winter, and use soft water for drinking and?bathing purposes, they would be comparatively well and happy instead of dragging out a miserable existence.?{CH 55.3}[3]
§11
【要考虑护理人员的健康】
§12
陪从和护理人员有责任特别照顾自己的健康，特别是在照顾发烧和肺结核患者的危险情况中。不应让一个人禁闭在病房里。依赖两到三个谨慎聪明的护士换班照顾和留在病房会更安全些。每一个人都应尽可能地在户外锻炼。这对护理病人的人是很重要的，特别是在病人的亲友属于那等坚持认为让病房通风如同仇敌而且不允许打开门窗之人的情况。病人和护理的人在这种情况下被迫天天呼吸有毒的空气，因为病人的亲友不可原谅地无知。{CH56.1}[4]
§13
【The Health of the Nurse to Be Considered】
§14
It is the duty of attendants and nurses to take special care of their own health, especially in critical cases of fever and consumption. One person should not be kept closely confined to the sickroom. It is safer to have two or three to depend upon, who are careful and understanding nurses, these changing and sharing the care and confinement of the sickroom. Each should have exercise in the open air as often as possible. This is important to sickbed attendants, especially if the friends of the sick are among the class that continue to regard air, if admitted into the sickroom, as an enemy, and will not allow the windows raised or the doors opened. In such cases the sick and the attendants are compelled to breathe the poisonous atmosphere from day to day because of the inexcusable ignorance of the friends of the sick.?{CH 56.1}[4]
§15
在许许多多情况下，护理的人不知道身体系统的需要，也不晓得呼吸新鲜空气与维持健康的关系，和吸入病房内败坏的空气会有的摧毁生命的影响。在这种情况下，病人的生命有危险，护理的人自己也容易生病，失去健康，甚至性命。……{CH56.2}[5]
§16
In very many cases the attendants are ignorant of the needs of the system, and of the relation that the breathing of fresh air sustains to health, and of the life-destroying influence of inhaling the impure air of a sickroom. In this case the life of the sick is endangered, and the attendants themselves are liable to take on disease, and lose health, and perhaps life....?{CH 56.2}[5]
§17
无论日夜，病人的房间应当尽量有气流通过。气流不应直接冲到病人身上。在高烧肆虐时，很少会有着凉的危险。但是当危险期来临，高烧在消退时，就要特别小心。那时就可能需要不断看护以保持身体的生命力。病人必须有清洁爽快的空气。如果没有别的办法可施，就应尽量将病人挪到别的房间，换一张床，而让原来的病房和病床和床上的被褥都藉着通风洁净一番。既然那些健康的人都需要阳光和空气的福气，需要遵守清洁的习惯以便保持健康，病人在衰弱的状况就相应地更需要这些了。{CH56.3}[6]
§18
The sickroom, if possible, should have a draft of air through it, day and night. The draft should not come directly upon the invalid. While burning fevers are raging, there is but little danger of taking cold. But special care is needful when the crisis comes and the fever is passing away. Then constant watching may be necessary to keep vitality in the system. The sick must have pure,?invigorating air. If no other way can be devised, the sick, if possible, should be removed to another room and another bed, while the sickroom, the bed and bedding, are being purified by ventilation. If those who are well need the blessings of light and air and need to observe habits of cleanliness in order to remain well, the need of the sick is still greater in proportion to their debilitated condition.?{CH 56.3}[6]
§19
有些房屋装饰布置得很奢侈，多是为了满足骄傲，接待来客，很少考虑到舒适、方便和家人的健康。最好的房间总是保持黑暗。阳光和空气被排斥在外，免得天上的光线损坏昂贵的家具，使地毯褪色，或使画框相框失去光泽。来访的人蒙允许坐在这些考究的房间里，就有着凉的危险，因为其中充斥着象地窖一般的空气。客厅和卧室也同样保持密闭，原因也是一样。无论谁躺在这些床上，都不能自由地得到阳光和空气，这样做乃是牺牲健康，甚至往往牺牲生命本身。{CH57.1}[7]
§20
Some houses are furnished expensively, more to gratify pride and to receive visitors than for the comfort, convenience, and health of the family. The best rooms are kept dark. The light and air are shut out lest the light of heaven should injure the rich furniture, fade the carpets, or tarnish the picture frames. When visitors are seated in these rooms they are in danger of taking cold because of the cellarlike atmosphere pervading them. Parlor chambers and bedrooms are kept closed in the same manner and for the same reasons. And whoever occupies these beds which have not been freely exposed to light and air does so at the expense of health, and often of life itself.?{CH 57.1}[7]
§21
没有阳光和空气的房间会变得潮湿。床和被褥聚集湿气，这些房间的空气是有毒的，因为没有被阳光和空气净化。……{CH57.2}[8]
§22
Rooms that are not exposed to light and air become damp. Beds and bedding gather dampness, and the atmosphere in these rooms is poisonous, because it has not been purified by light and air....?{CH 57.2}[8]
§23
卧室尤其应该很好地通风，且要使其中的气氛因阳光和空气而有益健康。每天有几个小时应该拉开窗帘，门帘也要拉开，让房间彻底通风。凡是会破坏纯净空气的东西，无论什么东西都不应存留，即使是暂时存留也不应该。……{CH57.3}[9]
§24
Sleeping rooms especially should be well ventilated, and the atmosphere made healthy by light and air. Blinds should be left open several hours each day, and the curtains put aside, and the rooms thoroughly aired. Nothing should remain, even for a short time, which would destroy the purity of the atmosphere....?{CH 57.3}[9]
§25
卧室应该宽敞，且要布置得使气流日夜都可以通过。那些使自己的卧室不通风的人，应当立刻着手改变自己的做法。他们应该逐渐地使房间通风，增加空气的流通，直到他们冬夏都能忍受而没有着凉的危险。要使肺脏健康，就必须有纯净的空气。{CH57.4}[10]
§26
Sleeping apartments should be large and so arranged as to have circulation of air through them day and night. Those who have excluded the air from their sleeping rooms should begin to change their course immediately.?They should let in air by degrees and increase its circulation until they can bear it winter and summer, with no danger of taking cold. The lungs, in order to be healthy, must have pure air.?{CH 57.4}[10]
§27
那些夜间使自己的房间没有顺畅的空气流通的人，醒来后通常会感到疲劳，发烧，却不知道原因。全身系统需要的是空气，纯净的空气，却得不到。在早晨起来的时候，许多人会受益于用海绵擦洗的沐浴，或者，更使人感到惬意的，可以用手沐浴，仅用一脸盆水就可。这会清除皮肤上的杂质。床上的物件也要逐件拿去晾晒。窗户应该打开，窗帘要拉开，让空气自由地流通数小时，即使不是全天流通，也要有数小时使卧室完全通风。这样，床和衣服都会彻底晾干，不洁之物就从房间被洁除了。{CH58.1}[11]
§28
Those who have not had a free circulation of air in their rooms through the night generally awake feeling exhausted and feverish, and know not the cause. It was air, vital air, that the whole system required, but which it could not obtain. Upon rising in the morning, most persons would be benefited by taking a sponge bath, or, if more agreeable, a hand bath, with merely a washbowl of water. This will remove impurities from the skin. Then the clothing should be removed piece by piece from the bed, and exposed to the air. The windows should be opened, the blinds fastened back, and the air allowed to circulate freely for several hours, if not all day, through the sleeping apartments. In this manner the bed and clothing will become thoroughly aired, and the impurities will be removed from the room.?{CH 58.1}[11]
§29
能遮荫的树和灌木丛太浓密、太靠近房屋是不健康的，因为它们有碍空气的自由流通，也阻止充足的阳光照进来。结果就使房间很潮湿。特别是在多雨的季节，卧室就变得很潮湿，睡在床上的人就会患有风湿、神经痛和肺部病患，最后通常变成肺结核。许多能遮荫的树落下许多叶子，若不立刻清除，就会腐烂，毒害空气。一个有散布的树木和一些灌木美化的庭院，距离房子有适当的距离，对家人有幸福愉快的影响，若予精心照顾，就不会对健康有害。如有可能，就应将居所建在干燥的高地。房子若建在四周有水的地方，一段时间有水，后又干涸，结果就会产生有毒的沼气，以及疟疾，喉痛，肺部病患和热病。{CH58.2}[12]
§30
Shade trees and shrubbery too close and dense around a house are unhealthful; for they prevent a free circulation of air and shut out the rays of the sun. In consequence of this, dampness gathers in the house. Especially in wet seasons the sleeping rooms become damp, and those who occupy them are troubled with rheumatism, neuralgia, and lung complaints which generally end in consumption. Numerous shade trees cast off many leaves, which, if not immediately removed, decay and poison the atmosphere. A yard beautified with trees and shrubbery, at a proper distance from the house, has a happy, cheerful influence upon the family, and, if well taken care of, will prove no injury to health. Dwellings, if possible, should be built upon high and dry ground. If a house is built where water settles around it, remaining for a time, and then drying away, a poisonous miasma arises, and fever and ague, sore throat, lung diseases, and fevers will be the result.?{CH 59.2}[12]
§31
许多人单因为自己已经求上帝了，就希望上帝会保护他们免除疾病。但上帝却不会看重他们的祈求，因为他们的信心没有因着行为得到成全（雅2:22）。对于那些不知自爱，而继续干犯健康的律法，及不尽力预防疾病的人，上帝是不会行神迹去保护其生命的。何时我们尽一己之所能去维护健康，然后才可希望那有福的结果随之而来，并能本着信心求上帝赐福我们为保持健康而作的种种努力。如果祂的圣名可因此而得荣耀，祂就会应允我们的祈求。但愿大家都明白，自己都有一份工作要作。凡不留心健康律法，而行在必定招致病苦之道路上的人们，上帝必不行神迹来保持其健康的。{CH59.1}[13]
§32
Many have expected that God would keep them from sickness merely because they have asked Him to do so. But God did not regard their prayers, because their faith was not made perfect by works. God will not work a miracle to keep those from sickness who have no care for themselves, but are continually violating the laws of health and make no efforts to prevent disease. When we do all we can on our part to have health, then may we expect that the blessed results will follow, and we can ask God in faith to bless our efforts for the preservation of health. He will then answer our prayer, if His name can be glorified thereby. But let all understand that they have a work to do. God will not work in a miraculous manner to preserve the health of persons who by their careless inattention to the laws of health are taking a sure course to make themselves sick.?{CH 59.1}[13]