第51章 实际的训练
§1
第51章 实际的训练
§2
Chapter 51—A Practical Training
§3
实用的体力劳动乃是福音计划的一部分。那位隐藏在云柱中的大教师，曾指示以色列人，他们的每一个青年人都应学会一种有用的手艺。所以犹太人就有一种习惯，无贫富，都教导自己的儿女有一技之长，以致当环境不利时，他们不会依赖别人，而能自力更生。他们可以接受文化教育，但他们也必须接受一种手艺的训练。他们以此为教育中所不可少的一部分。{MYP 177.1}[1]
§4
Useful manual labor is a part of the gospel plan. The great Teacher, enshrouded in the pillar of cloud, gave directions to Israel that every youth should be taught some line of useful employment. Therefore it was the custom of the Jews, the wealthy as well as the poorer classes, to teach their sons and daughters some useful trade, so that, should adverse circumstances arise, they would not be dependent upon others, but would be able to provide for their own necessities. They might be instructed in literary lines, but they must also be trained to some craft. This was deemed an indispensable part of their education.?{MYP 177.1}[1]
§5
【均衡的教育】
§6
今日象以色列人的日子一样，我们应当教导每一个青年实际生活的种种本分。每一个人都应学会一门手艺，以便必要时谋生。这不仅可以作为生活变迁时的保障，而且对于体力，智力和灵力的发展也是很重要的。即使一个人从来不需要靠手艺谋生，他仍要学习劳动。人若不参加体力劳动就不可能有健壮的体格和富有活力的身体。有规律的劳动锻炼，对于获得健壮、活泼的心智和高尚的品格是很重要的。{MYP 177.2}[2]
§7
【Symmetrical Education】
§8
Now, as in the days of Israel, every youth should be instructed in the duties of practical life. Each should acquire a knowledge of some branch of manual labor by which, if need be, he may obtain a livelihood. This is essential, not only as a safeguard against the vicissitudes of life, but from its bearing upon physical, mental, and moral development. Even if it were certain that one would never need to resort to manual labor for support, still he should be taught to work. Without physical exercise no one can have a sound constitution and vigorous health; and the discipline of well-regulated labor is no less essential to the securing of a strong, active mind and a noble character.?{MYP 177.2}[2]
§9
已经获得书本知识的学生若没有实际工作的知识就不能自认为已接受均衡的教育。那些本应用在各种实际工作上的才能疏忽了。教育并不只是智力上的培养。体力劳动是每一个青年人的一项重要训练。我们若没有教导学生从事有用的劳动，就是忽略了教育的一个重要方面。{MYP 178.1}[3]
§10
Students who have gained book knowledge without gaining a knowledge of practical work cannot lay claim to a symmetrical education. The energies that should have been devoted to business of various lines have been neglected. Education does not consist in using the brain alone. Physical employment is a part of the training essential for every youth. An important phase of education is lacking if the student is not taught how to engage in useful labor.?{MYP 178.1}[3]
§11
有益于健康的体力劳动，会给人以范围广泛的教育。每一个学生每天都应花一定时间从事体力劳动，这样就会养成勤劳的习惯和自力更生的精神，并使青年人得以脱离许多因闲懒而来的邪恶堕落的行为。这是与教育的最高目的相符合的。我们既如此促进自己的勤劳和纯洁，就与创造主日益和谐了。{MYP 178.2}[4]
§12
The healthful exercise of the whole being will give an education that is broad and comprehensive. Every student should devote a portion of each day to active labor. Thus habits of industry will be formed and a spirit of self-reliance encouraged, while the youth will be shielded from many evil and degrading practices that are so often the result of idleness. And this is all in keeping with the primary object of education; for in encouraging activity, diligence, and purity, we are coming into harmony with the Creator.?{MYP 178.2}[4]
§13
【实用工作的益处】
§14
单纯地运动身体不能使人获得最大的益处。固然，能呼吸新鲜空气和操练肌肉，总有一定的好处。可是这同样的精力若花在有用的劳动上，就会获得更大的益处。它会使人产生满意的感觉，因知道多少有了点成就，自己作了点有用的事，受到良心的赞许。{MYP 178.3}[5]
§15
【Benefit of Useful Work】
§16
The greatest benefit is not gained from exercise that is taken as play or exercise merely. There is some benefit in being in the fresh air, and also from the exercise of the muscles; but let the same amount of energy be given to the performance of useful work, and the benefit will be greater. A feeling of satisfaction will be realized; for such exercise carries with it the sense of helpfulness and the approval of conscience for duty well done.?{MYP 178.3}[5]
§17
我们学校的学生必须带着教育的成效出去。当他们不得不依靠自己的本领时，他们就有了谋生的知识。这种知识是成功的人生所需要的。勤奋学习是重要的，勤奋劳动也是重要的，而玩耍是不必要的。把精力花在娱乐上对均衡的心智不是最适宜的。人用在娱乐上的时间逐渐增多，甚至过度。如果这些时间能照基督的用法去用，上帝赐的福就会临到如此工作的人身上。{MYP 178.4}[6]
§18
Students should go forth from our schools with?educated efficiency, so that when thrown upon their own resources they will have knowledge which they can use, and which is needful to success in life. Diligent study is essential, so also is diligent hard work. Play is not essential. Devotion of the physical powers to amusement is not most favorable to a well-balanced mind. If the time employed in physical exercise which, step by step leads on to excess, were used in working in Christ’s lines, the blessing of God would rest upon the worker.?{MYP 178.4}[6]
§19
由体力劳动和智力运用相结合的实际生活的训练是美好的。因为它使人的身心更适于完成上帝要人所做的工作。青年人越是全面地认识到如何实行实际生活的义务，他们的快乐就在为别人服务中日益增加。人既受过教育而喜爱有用的劳动，他的心智就扩大了。经过培养和训练，他已经合用了，因为他已获得了造福别人的重要知识。{MYP 179.1}[7]
§20
The discipline for practical life that is gained by physical labor combined with mental taxation is sweetened by the reflection that it is qualifying mind and body better to perform the work that God designs men to do. The more perfectly the youth understand how to perform the duties of practical life, the greater will be their enjoyment day by day in being of use to others. The mind educated to enjoy useful labor becomes enlarged; through training and discipline it is fitted for usefulness; for it has acquired the knowledge essential to make its possessor a blessing to others.?{MYP 179.1}[7]
§21
我在基督的生活中找不到祂把时间花在娱乐和玩耍上的一个例子。祂是世人今生和永世的伟大导师。但是我还没有在祂的教训中找到祂要门徒以娱乐代替体力劳动的一个例子。……{MYP 179.2}[8]
§22
I cannot find an instance in the life of Christ where He devoted time to play and amusement. He was the great educator for the present and the future life; yet I have not been able to find one instance where He taught the disciples to engage in amusement in order to gain physical exercise....?{MYP 179.2}[8]
§23
【学习烹饪】
§24
我们应当教导青年男女如何经济地烹调食物，不用任何肉食。不要鼓励他们预备任何肉食作为食物。因为这只能反映埃及的黑暗和无知，而不能表达卫生改革的纯洁。{MYP 179.3}[9]
§25
【Learn How to Cook】
§26
Both young men and women should be taught how to cook economically, and to dispense?with everything in the line of flesh food. Let no encouragement be given to the preparation of dishes which are composed in any degree of flesh food, for this is pointing to the darkness and ignorance of Egypt, rather than to the purity of health reform.?{MYP 179.3}[9]
§27
妇女尤其需要学习如何烹饪。在女孩所受的教育中，还有哪一部分比这重要呢？不论她今后生活在什么环境，这总是她可以使用的知识。……{MYP 180.1}[10]
§28
Women especially should learn how to cook. What part of the education of a girl is so important as this? Whatever may be her circumstances in life, here is knowledge that she may put to practical use....?{MYP 180.1}[10]
§29
【在传道的园地中】
§30
实际生活各方面的训练会使青年人在离开学校到了国外时大有作为。他们就不会依赖当地的人为他们烹调、缝纫、建造房屋。他们若能教导无知的人如何以最好的方法劳动，并产生最好的成果，他们的感化力就大得多。供养这样的传教士所费的钱也可少一些，因为他们在学习的时候，曾把自己的体力充分应用在有用的实际劳动之中。在难以筹得经济的地方，这尤其显得有价值。他们将表明传道士也能教导人如何做工。他们不论到什么地方，在这方面的知识都会给他们以立足之地。——《基督教育之研究》307-314页{MYP 180.2}[11]
§31
【In the Mission Field】
§32
Culture on all points of practical life will make our youth useful after they leave the school to go to foreign countries. They will not then have to depend upon the people to whom they go to cook and sew for them, or to build their habitations. And they will be much more influential if they show that they can educate the ignorant how to labor with the best methods and to produce the best results. A smaller fund will be required to sustain such missionaries, because they have put to the very best use their physical powers in useful, practical labor combined with their studies. This will be appreciated where means are difficult to obtain. They will reveal that missionaries can become educators in teaching how to labor. And wherever they may go, all that they have gained in this line will give them standing room.—Counsels to Parents, Teachers, and Students, 307-314.?{MYP 180.2}[11]