第32章 儿童
§1
第32章 儿童
§2
Chap. 32 - The Child
§3
天使对希伯来父母的指示，不仅涉及母亲的习惯，还包括儿童的教育。那个将要拯救以色列人的孩子——参孙，单有良好的遗传是不够的，还必须加以审慎的训练，从襁褓时起就要养成严格节制的习惯。{MH 379.1}
§4
Not only the habits of the mother, but the training of the child were included in the angels instruction to the Hebrew parents. It was not enough that Samson, the child who was to deliver Israel, should have a good legacy at his birth. This was to be followed by careful training. From infancy he was to be trained to habits of strict temperance. {MH 379.1}[1]
§5
关于施洗约翰也有同样的指示。他出生之前，就有天上的信息传给他父亲：{MH 379.2}
§6
Similar instruction was given in regard to John the Baptist. Before the birth of the child, the message sent from heaven to the father was: {MH 379.2}[2]
§7
“你必欢喜快乐，有许多人因他出世，也必喜乐。他在主面前将要为大，淡酒浓酒都不喝，从母腹里就被圣灵充满了”（路1:14,15）。{MH 379.3}
§8
Thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and he shall drink no wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit. Luke 1:14, 15, A.R.V. {MH 379.3}[3]
§9
救主宣布，在天上的册子中所记录的伟人中，没有一个比施洗约翰更加伟大。所托付给他的工作，不但需要体力和耐力，还需要最高的智力和灵力。要预备从事这项工作，就必须进行正确的身体训练；所以天上最高级的使者奉命给孩子的父母传达指示。{MH 379.4}
§10
On heavens record of noble men the Saviour declared that there stood not one greater than John the Baptist. The work committed to him was one demanding not only physical energy and endurance, but the highest qualities of mind and soul. So important was right physical training as a preparation for this work that the highest angel in heaven was sent with a message of instruction to the parents of the child. {MH 379.4}[4]
§11
涉及希伯来儿童的指示教导我们，凡与儿童身体健康有关的事，没有一样是可以疏忽的，没有一样是次要的。凡影响身体健康的，都会影响思想和品格。{MH 380.1}
§12
The directions given concerning the Hebrew children teach us that nothing which affects the childs physical well-being is to be neglected. Nothing is unimportant. Every influence that affects the health of the body has its bearing upon mind and character. {MH 380.1}[5]
§13
儿童早年的教育，无论多么重视都不算过分。人在幼年和儿童时代所学到的教训，所养成的习惯，对他品格形成和人生方向的影响，要超过他以后岁月的一切教育和训练。{MH 380.2}
§14
Too much importance cannot be placed upon the early training of children. The lessons learned, the habits formed, during the years of infancy and childhood, have more to do with the formation of the character and the direction of the life than have all the instruction and training of after years. {MH 380.2}[6]
§15
父母需要考虑这一点，明白照顾和教育儿童的基本原则，在德、智、体的健康方面培养他们。父母要研究自然的定例，了解人体组织，明白各器官的功能，及其彼此之间的关系和依赖。要研究智力与体力的关系，以及各自健康运作所要求的条件。若没有这样的准备就担负起父母的责任乃是罪。{MH 380.3}
§16
Parents need to consider this. They should understand the principles that underlie the care and training of children. They should be capable of rearing them in physical, mental, and moral health. Parents should study the laws of nature. They should become acquainted with the organism of the human body. They need to understand the functions of the various organs, and their relation and dependence. They should study the relation of the mental to the physical powers, and the conditions required for the healthy action of each. To assume the responsibilities of parenthood without such preparation is a sin. {MH 380.3}[7]
§17
现今，即使在最文明最发达的地方，也存在死亡率高，疾病多和体质降低的现象。人们对于这些现象的原因研究得太少了。人类在不断退化。婴儿的死亡率超过三分之一（在1905年，这种关于婴儿死亡率的描述是正确的。但现代医学和适当的婴儿护理已大大降低了婴幼儿死亡率）。至于长大成人的人，也大都带着各种疾病。只有少数的人能享足寿数。{MH 380.4}
§18
Far too little thought is given to the causes underlying the mortality, the disease and degeneracy, that exist today even in the most civilized and favored lands. The human race is deteriorating. More than one third die in infancy; [THE STATEMENT CONCERNING INFANT MORTALITY WAS CORRECT AT THE TIME IT WAS WRITTEN IN 1905. HOWEVER, MODERN MEDICINE AND PROPER CHILD CARE HAVE GREATLY REDUCED THE MORTALITY RATE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.--PUBLISHERS.] of those who reach manhood and womanhood, by far the greater number suffer from disease in some form, and but few reach the limit of human life. {MH 380.4}[8]
§19
使人类遭受痛苦毁灭的祸患，大部分是可以防止的。对付它们的力量多半在父母身上。夺走儿童性命的，不是什么“神秘的天意”。上帝不希望儿童死亡。祂把儿童赐给父母，是要父母培养他们，使他们的今生和来生都发挥作用。父母如果尽力给儿女良好的遗传，再用正确的方法弥补出生时的不足，这个世界的状况就会好得多了! {MH 380.5}
§20
Most of the evils that are bringing misery and ruin to the race might be prevented, and the power to deal with them rests to a great degree with parents. It is not a mysterious providence that removes the little children. God does not desire their death. He gives them to the parents to be trained for usefulness here, and for heaven hereafter. Did fathers and mothers do what they might to give their children a good inheritance, and then by right management endeavor to remedy any wrong conditions of their birth, what a change for the better the world might see! {MH 380.5}[9]
§21
婴儿的照顾儿童的生活越安静简朴，就越有利于体力和智力的发育。母亲应始终保持镇定、冷静和自制。许多婴儿对神经的刺激极为敏感。母亲温柔从容的态度有一种安抚的作用，对儿童有说不尽的好处。{MH 381.1}
§22
【The Care of Infants】
§23
The more quiet and simple the life of the child, the more favorable it will be to both physical and mental development. At all times the mother should endeavor to be quiet, calm, and self-possessed. Many infants are extremely susceptible to nervous excitement, and the mothers gentle, unhurried manner will have a soothing influence that will be of untold benefit to the child. {MH 381.1}[10]
§24
婴儿需要暖和，但人们往往把婴儿放在太热的房间里，没有充分的新鲜空气，这是十分错误的。婴儿在睡眠的时候用被褥盖住脸也是有害的，因为这有碍于呼吸。{MH 381.2}
§25
Babies require warmth, but a serious error is often committed in keeping them in overheated rooms, deprived to a great degree of fresh air. The practice of covering the infants face while sleeping is harmful, since it prevents free respiration. {MH 381.2}[11]
§26
凡削弱或有害于婴儿身体的影响，都当避免。婴儿周围的事物，要严格保持清洁美观。婴儿所处的温度务求稳定，不可忽冷忽热。但无论白天或晚上，醒着或睡眠，都要吸呼清新的空气。{MH 381.3}
§27
The baby should be kept free from every influence that would tend to weaken or to poison the system. The most scrupulous care should be taken to have everything about it sweet and clean. While it may be necessary to protect the little ones from sudden or too great changes of temperature, care should be taken, that, sleeping or waking, day or night, they breathe a pure, invigorating atmosphere. {MH 381.3}[12]
§28
婴儿的衣服，务要方便、舒适和健康，不要专求时尚和讨人称赞。母亲不要化时间在孩子的小衣服上刺绣使之好看，枉费精力，既损害自己的健康，又影响孩子的健康。在应该休息和娱乐的时候，她不要埋头缝纫，既费眼神，又耗心力。母亲应该认识到自己有责任保存体力，以应付对于她的各项要求。{MH 381.4}
§29
In the preparation of the babys wardrobe, convenience, comfort, and health should be sought before fashion or a desire to excite admiration. The mother should not spend time in embroidery and fancywork to make the little garments beautiful, thus taxing herself with unnecessary labor at the expense of her own health and the health of her child. She should not bend over sewing that severely taxes eyes and nerves, at a time when she needs much rest and pleasant exercise. She should realize her obligation to cherish her strength, that she may be able to meet the demands that will be made upon her. {MH 381.4}[13]
§30
儿童的衣服，若兼有温暖、护身和舒服的特点，就可以消除他们焦躁不安的一大原因。儿童会更加健康，母亲也不会觉得照料儿童会那么吃力和耗费时间了。{MH 382.1}
§31
If the dress of the child combines warmth, protection, and comfort, one of the chief causes of irritation and restlessness will be removed. The little one will have better health, and the mother will not find the care of the child so heavy a tax upon her strength and time. {MH 382.1}[14]
§32
衣服腰身过窄，或裹带太紧，都会妨碍心肺的活动，应该避免。在任何时候，身体的各部分都必须保持舒服，不可因衣服的压迫而碍及自由活动。儿童的衣服要宽松，使呼吸有绝对的自由，并让肩部托住衣服的重量。{MH 382.2}
§33
Tight bands or waists hinder the action of the heart and lungs, and should be avoided. No part of the body should at any time be made uncomfortable by clothing that compresses any organ or restricts its freedom of movement. The clothing of all children should be loose enough to admit of the freest and fullest respiration, and so arranged that the shoulders will support its weight. {MH 382.2}[15]
§34
一些国家流行裸露儿童肩膀和四肢的风俗。这种风俗怎么指责都不过分。四肢离心脏较远，比其他部位更需要保护。输送血液到四肢的动脉较粗。这些动脉提供大量的血液带来热量和营养。但四肢若穿着不足，得不到保护，动脉和静脉就会收缩，身体的敏感部位就会受凉，血液的循环就会受阻。{MH 382.3}
§35
In some countries the custom of leaving bare the shoulders and limbs of little children still prevails. This custom cannot be too severely condemned. The limbs being remote from the center of circulation, demand greater protection than the other parts of the body. The arteries that convey the blood to the extremities are large, providing for a sufficient quantity of blood to afford warmth and nutrition. But when the limbs are left unprotected or are insufficiently clad, the arteries and veins become contracted, the sensitive portions of the body are chilled, and the circulation of the blood hindered. {MH 382.3}[16]
§36
成长中的儿童，应该让一切自然力有充分的机会发育他的体格。如果四肢没有得到充分的保护，除非是在暖和的天气，孩子们，特别是女孩子，就不要到户外去。这样做是怕他们受凉。孩子们若是穿得暖和，则无论冬夏都可以到户外受益于自由活动。{MH 382.4}
§37
In growing children all the forces of nature need every advantage to enable them to perfect the physical frame. If the limbs are insufficiently protected, children, and especially girls, cannot be out of doors unless the weather is mild. So they are kept in for fear of the cold. If children are well clothed, it will benefit them to exercise freely in the open air, summer or winter. {MH 382.4}[17]
§38
凡希望看见儿女健康活泼的母亲，必须让儿女穿合适的衣服，并鼓励他们在一切适宜的天气中多到户外去。破除旧习惯的锁链，使孩子们的穿着和教育都符合健康，是需要化力气的，然而其成效将充分回报所作的努力。{MH 382.5}
§39
Mothers who desire their boys and girls to possess the vigor of health should dress them properly and encourage them in all reasonable weather to be much in the open air. It may require effort to break away from the chains of custom, and dress and educate the children with reference to health; but the result will amply repay the effort. {MH 382.5}[18]
§40
儿童的饮食婴孩最好的饮食是大自然所提供的。除非万不得已，不要用其他食品来代替。母亲为了方便和社交而放弃喂养婴孩的责任，乃是很残忍的事。{MH 383.1}
§41
【The Childs Diet】
§42
The best food for the infant is the food that nature provides. Of this it should not be needlessly deprived. It is a heartless thing for a mother, for the sake of convenience or social enjoyment, to seek to free herself from the tender office of nursing her little one. {MH 383.1}[19]
§43
凡把自己的孩子交给别人喂养的人，应该仔细考虑后果。婴孩吃别人的奶，多少会感染别人的性情和品格。{MH 383.2}
§44
The mother who permits her child to be nourished by another should consider well what the result may be. To a greater or less degree the nurse imparts her own temper and temperament to the nursing child. {MH 383.2}[20]
§45
教育儿童养成正确的饮食习惯，其重要性怎么估计也不过分。要让孩子知道，人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。这种教育必须从母亲的怀中开始。婴孩进食要定时。随着孩子的长大，进食的次数要逐渐减少。不要给他们吃糖果和不易消化的成人食品。饮食的谨慎和定时不仅有利于婴儿的健康，也有利于他们造就安静愉快的性情，为他们养成造福他们一生的习惯打下基础。{MH 383.3}
§46
The importance of training children to right dietetic habits can hardly be overestimated. The little ones need to learn that they eat to live, not live to eat. The training should begin with the infant in its mothers arms. The child should be given food only at regular intervals, and less frequently as it grows older. It should not be given sweets, or the food of older persons, which it is unable to digest. Care and regularity in the feeding of infants will not only promote health, and thus tend to make them quiet and sweet-tempered, but will lay the foundation of habits that will be a blessing to them in after years. {MH 383.3}[21]
§47
孩子脱离婴儿期之后，仍须十分注意培养他们的口味和爱好。父母往往让孩子吃他们想要吃的任何东西，不管是否对健康有害。化在不健康美味上的金钱和精力，往往使孩子以为人生的最高目的和最大乐趣就是放纵食欲。这种训练的结果就是贪食，然后是生病，再后就是服用有毒的药物。{MH 384.1}
§48
As children emerge from babyhood, great care should still be taken in educating their tastes and appetite. Often they are permitted to eat what they choose and when they choose, without reference to health. The pains and money so often lavished upon unwholesome dainties lead the young to think that the highest object in life, and that which yields the greatest amount of happiness, is to be able to indulge the appetite. The result of this training is gluttony, then comes sickness, which is usually followed by dosing with poisonous drugs. {MH 384.1}[22]
§49
父母应当培育儿童的食欲，杜绝不健康的食物。但我们在规范儿童饮食的时候，不要勉强他们吃没有滋味的食物，或让他们吃得太多。儿童有自己的权利，有自己的爱好。只要他们的爱好是合理的，就应得到尊重。{MH 384.2}
§50
Parents should train the appetites of their children and should not permit the use of unwholesome foods. But in the effort to regulate the diet, we should be careful not to err in requiring children to eat that which is distasteful, or to eat more than is needed. Children have rights, they have preferences, and when these preferences are reasonable they should be respected. {MH 384.2}[23]
§51
要谨慎遵守饮食的定时。在两餐之间，不要吃甜食、坚果、水果和任何食物。饮食不定时会破坏消化器官的正常运作，危害健康和快乐的心情。儿童吃饭时，就不喜欢吃健康的饮食，只想吃有害于他们的食物。{MH 384.3}
§52
Regularity in eating should be carefully observed. Nothing should be eaten between meals, no confectionery, nuts, fruits, or food of any kind. Irregularities in eating destroy the healthful tone of the digestive organs, to the detriment of health and cheerfulness. And when the children come to the table, they do not relish wholesome food; their appetites crave that which is hurtful for them. {MH 384.3}[24]
§53
纵容儿童的欲望，不替他们健康和愉快的脾气着想的母亲，是在播撒邪恶的种子，日后必生长结果。自我放纵的习惯会随着儿童的年龄一同成长，使智力和体力都遭到摧残。这样的母亲，必在痛苦中收获自己所播下的种子。她们会看见自己的孩子长大后，因思想品格而不适合在社会和家庭中发挥高尚有益的作用。不卫生的饮食，使德、智、体三方面的力量都受到影响。良心麻木了，感受良好印象的能力削弱了。{MH 384.4}
§54
Mothers who gratify the desires of their children at the expense of health and happy tempers, are sowing seeds of evil that will spring up and bear fruit. Self-indulgence grows with the growth of the little ones, and both mental and physical vigor are sacrificed. Mothers who do this work reap with bitterness the seed they have sown. They see their children grow up unfitted in mind and character to act a noble and useful part in society or in the home. The spiritual as well as the mental and physical powers suffer under the influence of unhealthful food. The conscience becomes stupefied, and the susceptibility to good impressions is impaired. {MH 384.4}[25]
§55
要教育儿童约束食欲，吃健康的食物。要告诉他们，他们只不过是在克制不吃有害于健康的食物。他们舍弃有害的，就接受有益的。餐桌上应摆放色味俱佳的食物，就是上帝厚赐予世人的美物。要让吃饭成为快乐的时光。我们享受上帝的恩典时，应该存感谢的心，赞美赐恩的主。{MH 385.1}
§56
While the children should be taught to control the appetite and to eat with reference to health; let it be made plain that they are denying themselves only that which would do them harm. They give up hurtful things for something better. Let the table be made inviting and attractive, as it is supplied with the good things which God has so bountifully bestowed. Let mealtime be a cheerful, happy time. As we enjoy the gifts of God, let us respond by grateful praise to the Giver. {MH 385.1}[26]
§57
患病儿童的护理儿童患病，其原因往往是抚养不得法，饮食无定，在寒冷的晚间衣服没有穿够，缺少活泼的运动使血液循环保持通畅，或缺乏新鲜的空气来净化血液等。父母要研究病因，并尽快予以弥补。{MH 385.2}
§58
【The Care of Children in Sickness】
§59
In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness, and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible. {MH 385.2}[27]
§60
父母有能力多多研究疾病的护理、预防、甚至治疗。母亲尤其应该了解如何处置家中的常见病。她要知道如何照顾自己有病的孩子，本着她的爱心和见识，亲自去做不能很好地托付给别人的事情。{MH 385.3}
§61
All parents have it in their power to learn much concerning the care and prevention, and even the treatment, of disease. Especially ought the mother to know what to do in common cases of illness in her family. She should know how to minister to her sick child. Her love and insight should fit her to perform services for it which could not so well be trusted to a strangers hand. {MH 385.3}[28]
§62
研究生理学父母应尽早引起儿童研究生理的兴趣，教导他们生理的简单原理。要指教他们如何最好地保持体力、智力和灵力，怎样利用他们的才干造福同胞、荣耀上帝。这种知识对于青年有无穷的价值。有关生活和健康的教育对于他们来说，比学校所教授的许多学科更为重要。{MH 385.4}
§63
【The Study of Physiology】
§64
Parents should early seek to interest their children in the study of physiology and should teach them its simpler principles. Teach them how best to preserve the physical, mental, and spiritual powers, and how to use their gifts so that their lives may bring blessing to one another and honor to God. This knowledge is invaluable to the young. An education in the things that concern life and health is more important to them than a knowledge of many of the sciences taught in the schools. {MH 385.4}[29]
§65
父母生存于世，应该多顾及自己的儿女，少参加社交活动。要研究健康的问题，把知识运用到实际中去。要教导儿童考虑前因后果。要让他们知道，他们若要健康和快乐，就必须遵守自然的定律。虽然你可能无法马上看到你所希望的进步，但不要灰心。你仍要恒心忍耐地继续努力。{MH 386.1}
§66
Parents should live more for their children, and less for society. Study health subjects, and put your knowledge to a practical use. Teach your children to reason from cause to effect. Teach them that if they desire health and happiness, they must obey the laws of nature. Though you may not see so rapid improvement as you desire, be not discouraged, but patiently and perseveringly continue your work. {MH 386.1}[30]
§67
要从你们的儿女在摇篮时起，就教导他们实行克己和自制。要指教他们欣赏自然的美，在有益的活动上，全面运用身心一切才干。要培养他们强健的体格和优秀的品德，以及开朗甜美的性情。要在他们柔嫩的思想上印下上帝的真理，使他们明白上帝的旨意不是要我们单为眼前的满足而生活，而要追求最后的幸福。要教导他们，屈从试探是软弱，是犯罪；拒绝试探才是高尚而勇敢的。这些教训必如种子撒在好土里，会结出果子来，使你们心里高兴。{MH 386.2}
§68
Teach your children from the cradle to practice self-denial and self-control. Teach them to enjoy the beauties of nature and in useful employments to exercise systematically all the powers of body and mind. Bring them up to have sound constitutions and good morals, to have sunny dispositions and sweet tempers. Impress upon their tender minds the truth that God does not design that we should live for present gratification merely, but for our ultimate good. Teach them that to yield to temptation is weak and wicked; to resist, noble and manly. These lessons will be as seed sown in good soil, and they will bear fruit that will make your hearts glad. {MH 386.2}[31]
§69
最重要的，是父母应当在儿童周围营造一种快乐、礼貌、仁爱的气氛。一个有爱居住，并在表情言行上表现出来的家庭，是天使所乐意显出其莅临的。{MH 386.3}
§70
Above all things else, let parents surround their children with an atmosphere of cheerfulness, courtesy, and love. A home where love dwells, and where it is expressed in looks, in words, and in acts, is a place where angels delight to manifest their presence. {MH 386.3}[32]
§71
父母们要让仁爱、欢愉和幸福满足的阳光照入你们自己的心，让快乐甜蜜的影响充满你们的家。要表显仁慈宽容的精神，也要鼓励孩子们有这样的精神。要培养照亮家庭生活的种种美德。这样营造的气氛对于孩子们来说，就象阳光和空气对于植物那样，能促进身心的健康与活力。{MH 387.1}
§72
Parents, let the sunshine of love, cheerfulness, and happy contentment enter your own hearts, and let its sweet, cheering influence pervade your home. Manifest a kindly, forbearing spirit; and encourage the same in your children, cultivating all the graces that will brighten the home life. The atmosphere thus created will be to the children what air and sunshine are to the vegetable world, promoting health and vigor of mind and body. {MH 387.1}[33]