第25章 饮食改良的极端
§1
第25章 饮食改良的极端
§2
Chap. 25 - Extremes in Diet
§3
自称相信饮食改良的人不都是真正的改革家。许多人的改良只是戒除某些不卫生的食物。他们没有充分理解健康的原则，桌上仍堆满了有害的美味，远远没有示范基督徒的节制之道。 {MH 318.1}
§4
Not all who profess to believe in dietetic reform are really reformers. With many persons the reform consists merely in discarding certain unwholesome foods. They do not understand clearly the principles of health, and their tables, still loaded with harmful dainties, are far from being an example of Christian temperance and moderation. {MH 318.1}[1]
§5
还有一等人为了树立正确的榜样而走了相反的极端。一些人得不到最适合的饮食，非但没有寻找最佳的替代品，反而吃没有营养的食物，以致无法供应制造良好的血液所需要的原料，健康受损，效用降低。他们的榜样为饮食改良作了负面的见证，而不是有利的见证。{MH 318.2}
§6
Another class, in their desire to set a right example, go to the opposite extreme. Some are unable to obtain the most desirable foods, and, instead of using such things as would best supply the lack, they adopt an impoverished diet. Their food does not supply the elements needed to make good blood. Their health suffers, their usefulness is impaired, and their example tells against, rather than in favor of, reform in diet. {MH 318.2}[2]
§7
还有一等人以为健康既需简单的饮食，就不必在意食物的选择和烹饪。一些人过分刻苦，吃没有营养的食物，也没有足够的品种来供应人体的需要，结果健康受到了亏损。{MH 318.3}
§8
Others think that since health requires a simple diet, there need be little care in the selection or the preparation of food. Some restrict themselves to a very meager diet, not having sufficient variety to supply the needs of the system, and they suffer in consequence. {MH 318.3}[3]
§9
那些对改革的原则一知半解的人，往往最为固执。他们不但实行自己的主张，还向家人和邻舍推广。然而他们的病弱显示了错误改革的结果。他们勉强别人接受他们主张的种种做法，使人对饮食改良产生误解，以致完全拒绝。{MH 318.4}
§10
Those who have but a partial understanding of the principles of reform are often the most rigid, not only in carrying out their views themselves, but in urging them on their families and their neighbors. The effect of their mistaken reforms, as seen in their own ill-health, and their efforts to force their views upon others, give many a false idea of dietetic reform, and lead them to reject it altogether. {MH 318.4}[4]
§11
凡明白健康律，受原则所指导的人，不会走放纵或过度克制的极端。他们挑选饮食，不单为满足食欲，也为身体的健康。他们设法将每一机能保持在最佳状态，以期为上帝和人类作出最好的服务。他们的食欲受良心和理智的管束。他们所得的报酬，就是身心的健康。他们虽然没有将自己的主张强加于人，但他们的榜样却成了正确原则的有利见证。这种人具有广泛的好影响。{MH 319.1}
§12
Those who understand the laws of health and who are governed by principle, will shun the extremes, both of indulgence and of restriction. Their diet is chosen, not for the mere gratification of appetite, but for the upbuilding of the body. They seek to preserve every power in the best condition for highest service to God and man. The appetite is under the control of reason and conscience, and they are rewarded with health of body and mind. While they do not urge their views offensively upon others, their example is a testimony in favor of right principles. These persons have a wide influence for good. {MH 319.1}[5]
§13
饮食改良中含有真正的常识。要广泛深入地研究这个题目。任何人都不要因别人的做法没有样样与他们相同就横加批评。我们无法定出一条不变的规则，来约束所有人的习惯。任何人都不要以自己为众人的规范。人的口味各有不同。一个人觉得美味滋养的食物，对另一个人也许乏味甚至有害。有人不能喝牛奶，有人却靠喝牛奶长壮。有人不能消化豌豆和黄豆，有人却能得到豆类的滋养。粗粮对于有些人是极好的食物，但是有些人却吃不了。{MH 319.2}
§14
There is real common sense in dietetic reform. The subject should be studied broadly and deeply, and no one should criticize others because their practice is not, in all things, in harmony with his own. It is impossible to make an unvarying rule to regulate everyones habits, and no one should think himself a criterion for all. Not all can eat the same things. Foods that are palatable and wholesome to one person may be distasteful, and even harmful, to another. Some cannot use milk, while others thrive on it. Some persons cannot digest peas and beans; others find them wholesome. For some the coarser grain preparations are good food, while others cannot use them. {MH 319.2}[6]
§15
住在穷乡僻壤的人很难得到水果和坚果，所以不要劝他们放弃牛奶和鸡蛋。固然，身体肥胖和欲性旺盛的人，应该戒除刺激性食物，特别是在子女们多放纵情欲的人家，不该用蛋。然而造血器官虚弱的人，不要完全戒除牛奶和鸡蛋，尤其是得不到能够提供所需养分的其他食物时。但要非常注意，牛奶必须出自健康的母牛，鸡蛋必须出自得到良好喂养的健康母鸡。鸡蛋要煮到最易消化的程度。{MH 320.1}
§16
Those who live in new countries or in poverty-stricken districts, where fruits and nuts are scarce, should not be urged to exclude milk and eggs from their dietary. It is true that persons in full flesh and in whom the animal passions are strong need to avoid the use of stimulating foods. Especially in families of children who are given to sensual habits, eggs should not be used. But in the case of persons whose blood-making organs are feeble,--especially if other foods to supply the needed elements cannot be obtained,--milk and eggs should not be wholly discarded. Great care should be taken, however, to obtain milk from healthy cows, and eggs from healthy fowls, that are well fed and well cared for; and the eggs should be so cooked as to be most easily digested. {MH 320.1}[7]
§17
饮食改良要循序渐进。由于动物疾病的增多，食用牛奶和鸡蛋变得越来越不安全。要设法用便宜营养的食物来取代它们。要教导各地的人如何在烹饪时尽可能不用鸡蛋和牛奶，但依然营养可口。{MH 320.2}
§18
The diet reform should be progressive. As disease in animals increases, the use of milk and eggs will become more and more unsafe. An effort should be made to supply their place with other things that are healthful and inexpensive. The people everywhere should be taught how to cook without milk and eggs, so far as possible, and yet have their food wholesome and palatable. {MH 320.2}[8]
§19
一般说来，一日两餐的做法有益于健康。但有时需要第三餐。不过要少吃，而且要吃容易消化的食物。饼干、烤面包、水果或麦片，都是合适的晚餐。{MH 321.1}
§20
The practice of eating but two meals a day is generally found a benefit to health; yet under some circumstances persons may require a third meal. This should, however, if taken at all, be very light, and of food most easily digested. Crackers--the English biscuit--or zwieback, and fruit, or cereal coffee, are the foods best suited for the evening meal. {MH 321.1}[9]
§21
有人时常担心自己的食物不论多么简单卫生，都可能对自己有害。我要对这等人说：不要觉得你们的食物对你有害。不要把这事放在心上。你们依照自己最好的判断去吃。你们既求上帝祝福食物增强你们的体质，就当相信祂垂听你们的祷告，并安下心来。{MH 321.2}
§22
Some are continually anxious lest their food, however simple and healthful, may hurt them. To these let me say, Do not think that your food will injure you; do not think about it at all. Eat according to your best judgment; and when you have asked the Lord to bless the food for the strengthening of your body, believe that He hears your prayer, and be at rest. {MH 321.2}[10]
§23
由于原则要求我们戒除刺激肠胃、有害健康的食物，我们必须记住，没有营养的食物会造成贫血。这种状况会导致极难治疗的疾病。身体营养不足，就会产生消化不良和全身衰弱。采用这种饮食的人不一定是因为贫穷，而是因为无知或疏忽，或因实行他们错误的改良观念。{MH 321.3}
§24
Because principle requires us to discard those things that irritate the stomach and impair health, we should remember that an impoverished diet produces poverty of the blood. Cases of disease most difficult to cure result from this cause. The system is not sufficiently nourished, and dyspepsia and general debility are the result. Those who use such a diet are not always compelled by poverty to do so, but they choose it through ignorance or negligence, or to carry out their erroneous ideas of reform. {MH 321.3}[11]
§25
人疏忽身体，虐待身体，使身体不配为上帝服务，就是不荣耀上帝。持家者的首要任务之一，就是为身体预备美味营养的饮食。宁可在衣着和家具方面节省，也不要刻苦饮食。{MH 322.1}
§26
God is not honored when the body is neglected or abused and is thus unfitted for His service. To care for the body by providing for it food that is relishable and strengthening is one of the first duties of the householder. It is far better to have less expensive clothing and furniture than to stint the supply of food. {MH 322.1}[12]
§27
一些持家的人为了厚待宾客，就节省家中的伙食。这是愚昧的做法。款待客人要简单一些。要先为家人着想。{MH 322.2}
§28
Some householders stint the family table in order to provide expensive entertainment for visitors. This is unwise. In the entertainment of guests there should be greater simplicity. Let the needs of the family have first attention. {MH 322.2}[13]
§29
愚昧的节省和虚伪的习俗，往往使人无法实行必要而且有福的接待。我们餐桌上的食物应妥加预备，即便来了不速之客，主妇也无须另行烹饪。{MH 322.3}
§30
Unwise economy and artificial customs often prevent the exercise of hospitality where it is needed and would be a blessing. The regular supply of food for our tables should be such that the unexpected guest can be made welcome without burdening the housewife to make extra preparation. {MH 322.3}[14]
§31
人人都要学习应该吃些什么，怎样烹饪。男人和女人都需要明白简单卫生的烹饪方法。他们往往因业务而到不能获得适宜饮食的地方。这时他们若懂烹饪，就必发挥好作用。{MH 323.1}
§32
All should learn what to eat and how to cook it. Men, as well as women, need to understand the simple, healthful preparation of food. Their business often calls them where they cannot obtain wholesome food; then, if they have a knowledge of cookery, they can use it to good purpose. {MH 323.1}[15]
§33
要认真考虑你们的饮食，研究前因后果。要培养自制力，让食欲受理智的控制。不要吃得太多而虐待肠胃，也不要不让自己吃营养美味、有利健康的食物。{MH 323.2}
§34
Carefully consider your diet. Study from cause to effect. Cultivate self-control. Keep appetite under the control of reason. Never abuse the stomach by overeating, but do not deprive yourself of the wholesome, palatable food that health demands. {MH 323.2}[16]
§35
一些自称健康改良者狭窄的观念，大大危害了卫生的事业。健康工作者应该记住，饮食改良在很大的程度上是依据他们餐桌上所摆放的食物来判断的。所以他们不要采取羞辱这个事业的行动，而当模范地实行这些原则，将之向坦诚的人显示。任何改良运动，不论多么合理，只要限制人的食欲，许多人就会予以反对。他们只顾口味，而不顾理智或健康的定律。在这等人看来，所有违背习俗、提倡改良的人都是激进派，不论他们的做法多么合理。为了使这等人没有批评的藉口，健康工作者不要故意显示自己与别人是多么不同，而应尽量在不牺牲原则的前提下与他们接近。{MH 323.3}
§36
The narrow ideas of some would-be health reformers have been a great injury to the cause of hygiene. Hygienists should remember that dietetic reform will be judged, to a great degree, by the provision they make for their tables; and instead of taking a course that will bring discredit upon it, they should so exemplify its principles as to commend them to candid minds. There is a large class who will oppose any reform movement, however reasonable, if it places a restriction on the appetite. They consult taste instead of reason or the laws of health. By this class, all who leave the beaten track of custom and advocate reform will be accounted radical, no matter how consistent their course. That these persons may have no ground for criticism, hygienists should not try to see how different they can be from others, but should come as near to them as possible without the sacrifice of principle. {MH 323.3}[17]
§37
提倡卫生改革的人若是走了极端，就难怪那些以他们为健康原则代表的人完全拒绝改良了。这种极端在短时间里所造成的危害，往往一辈子循规蹈矩的生活也难以抵消。{MH 324.1}
§38
When those who advocate hygienic reform go to extremes, it is no wonder that many who regard these persons as representing health principles reject the reform altogether. These extremes frequently do more harm in a short time than could be undone by a lifetime of consistent living. {MH 324.1}[18]
§39
卫生的改革是根据宽大广泛的主义为标准的，我们不可把狭窄的主张和举动来限止它的范围。然而我们也不可因别人的反对和讥嘲，或讨人欢悦的心理而游离主义。凡真正服从主义的人，必能坚定不移地为真理而站立；然而在与人相处之间，他们也会表示一种基督那样宽宏大量的真精神。[19]
§40
Hygienic reform is based upon principles that are broad and far-reaching, and we should not belittle it by narrow views and practices. But no one should permit opposition or ridicule, or a desire to please or influence others, to turn him from true principles, or cause him lightly to regard them. Those who are governed by principle will be firm and decided in standing for the right; yet in all their associations they will manifest a generous, Christlike spirit and true moderation. {MH 324.2}[19]