第24章 肉类的食物
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第24章 肉类的食物
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Chap. 24 - Flesh as Food
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起初指定给人类的食物不包括肉食。直到洪水毁灭了地上的一切植物之后，才允许人食肉。{MH 311.1}
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The diet appointed man in the beginning did not include animal food. Not till after the Flood, when every green thing on the earth had been destroyed, did man receive permission to eat flesh. {MH 311.1}[1]
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上帝在伊甸园为人类选择食物的时候，就说明了什么是最好的食物。祂在为以色列人选择食物时，也给予同样的教训。祂把以色列人从埃及领出来，教诲他们，为使他们成为祂自己的子民。祂要藉着他们祝福和教导世人。祂提供他们最符合此目的的食物，不是肉，而是“天上的粮食”——吗哪。只是因他们不满和埋怨，贪恋埃及的肉食，上帝才让他们吃动物的肉，但仅仅是短时间。食肉导致数以千计的人患病死亡。但是百姓从来没有甘心接受素食。依然是因为他们公开或秘密的不满和怨言，素食的习惯终未长久养成。{MH 311.2}
§6
In choosing mans food in Eden, the Lord showed what was the best diet; in the choice made for Israel He taught the same lesson. He brought the Israelites out of Egypt and undertook their training, that they might be a people for His own possession. Through them He desired to bless and teach the world. He provided them with the food best adapted for this purpose, not flesh, but manna, the bread of heaven. It was only because of their discontent and their murmuring for the fleshpots of Egypt that animal food was granted them, and this only for a short time. Its use brought disease and death to thousands. Yet the restriction to a nonflesh diet was never heartily accepted. It continued to be the cause of discontent and murmuring, open or secret, and it was not made permanent. {MH 311.2}[2]
§7
以色列人定居迦南以后，得到了肉食的允许，但有严格的限制，以减轻其不良的后果。猪肉和其它不洁虫鱼鸟兽的肉，都在禁止之列。即使是允许的肉食，也严禁食用其油和血。{MH 311.3}
§8
Upon their settlement in Canaan, the Israelites were permitted the use of animal food, but under careful restrictions which tended to lessen the evil results. The use of swines flesh was prohibited, as also of other animals and of birds and fish whose flesh was pronounced unclean. Of the meats permitted, the eating of the fat and the blood was strictly forbidden. {MH 311.3}[3]
§9
可以食用的动物，必须处于健康状态，方可宰杀。凡被撕裂或自己倒毙，以及血未流尽的动物之肉，一概不可食用。{MH 312.1}
§10
Only such animals could be used for food as were in good condition. No creature that was torn, that had died of itself, or from which the blood had not been carefully drained, could be used as food. {MH 312.1}[4]
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以色列人因违背了上帝所定饮食的计划而蒙受了巨大的损失。他们贪爱肉食，就收获了肉食的后果。他们不能实现上帝对于品格的理想，没有成就祂的旨意。上帝就“将他们所求的赐给他们，却使他们的心灵软弱”（诗106:15）。他们重视世俗过于属灵的事，未能达到上帝所期望于他们的神圣高度。{MH 312.2}
§12
By departing from the plan divinely appointed for their diet, the Israelites suffered great loss. They desired a flesh diet, and they reaped its results. They did not reach Gods ideal of character or fulfill His purpose. The Lord gave them their request; but sent leanness into their soul. Psalm 106:15. They valued the earthly above the spiritual, and the sacred pre-eminence which was His purpose for them they did not attain. {MH 312.2}[5]
§13
戒除肉食的理由吃肉的人只是在吃二手的五谷菜蔬，因为动物是靠五谷菜蔬的营养而生长的。五谷菜蔬的生命力进入食用者身上。我们再通过吃动物的肉而领受这生命力。既然这样，直接吃上帝所赐给我们的食物要好得多了！{MH 313.1}
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【Reasons for Discarding Flesh Foods】
§15
Those who eat flesh are but eating grains and vegetables at second hand; for the animal receives from these things the nutrition that produces growth. The life that was in the grains and vegetables passes into the eater. We receive it by eating the flesh of the animal. How much better to get it direct, by eating the food that God provided for our use! {MH 313.1}[6]
§16
肉类从来就不是最好的食物。由于动物的疾病迅速增加，肉类就更不适合食用了。吃肉的人很少知道自己在吃什么。他们若看见动物的生活状态，了解他们肉食的质量，往往就会对之厌恶回避了。人们在频繁食用充满结核病有癌症病菌的肉类。结核病，癌症和其他致命的疾病就是这样传染的。{MH 313.2}
§17
Flesh was never the best food; but its use is now doubly objectionable, since disease in animals is so rapidly increasing. Those who use flesh foods little know what they are eating. Often if they could see the animals when living and know the quality of the meat they eat, they would turn from it with loathing. People are continually eating flesh that is filled with tuberculous and cancerous germs. Tuberculosis, cancer, and other fatal diseases are thus communicated. {MH 313.2}[7]
§18
猪肉的组织中充满着寄生物。上帝论到猪说：“猪……与你们不洁净……你们不可吃，死的也不可摸”（申14:8）。发布这道命令是因为猪肉不适合作食物。猪是食腐动物。这是它唯一的功用。人在任何情况下都决不可吃猪肉。凡以肮脏之物为食、全身组织都是污秽的动物，它的肉不可能有益于健康。{MH 313.3}
§19
The tissues of the swine swarm with parasites. Of the swine God said, It is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcass. Deuteronomy 14:8. This command was given because swines flesh is unfit for food. Swine are scavengers, and this is the only use they were intended to serve. Never, under any circumstances, was their flesh to be eaten by human beings. It is impossible for the flesh of any living creature to be wholesome when filth is its natural element and when it feeds upon every detestable thing. {MH 313.3}[8]
§20
送到市场上出售的肉，往往出自患了重病、主人不敢久留的牲畜。为了销售而增肥的一些方法是致病的。牲畜与光和清洁的空气隔绝，呼吸畜舍的浊气，也许还靠吃腐烂的食物来增肥，周身不久就被肮脏的物质所污染了。{MH 314.1}
§21
Often animals are taken to market and sold for food when they are so diseased that their owners fear to keep them longer. And some of the processes of fattening them for market produce disease. Shut away from the light and pure air, breathing the atmosphere of filthy stables, perhaps fattening on decaying food, the entire body soon becomes contaminated with foul matter. {MH 314.1}[9]
§22
牲畜往往从很远的地方运到市场，一路上受了许多苦。可怜的牲畜从草场塞进污浊的车箱，疲惫劳顿地经过尘土飞扬的炎热长路，周身发热，精疲力竭，往往长时间没有吃喝，最后还要加以宰杀，让人类食用它们的尸体。{MH 314.2}
§23
Animals are often transported long distances and subjected to great suffering in reaching a market. Taken from the green pastures, and traveling for weary miles over the hot, dusty roads, or crowded into filthy cars, feverish and exhausted, often for many hours deprived of food and water, the poor creatures are driven to their death, that human beings may feast on the carcasses. {MH 314.2}[10]
§24
在许多地方，鱼类被所吃的秽物所污染而成为致病的因素，尤其是在靠近大城市下水道的地方。鱼类吃到阴沟里的秽物之后，再游到远处清洁的水中，被人捕捉，吃下去以后，给意识不到危险的人带来疾病和死亡。{MH 314.3}
§25
In many places fish become so contaminated by the filth on which they feed as to be a cause of disease. This is especially the case where the fish come in contact with the sewage of large cities. The fish that are fed on the contents of the drains may pass into distant waters and may be caught where the water is pure and fresh. Thus when used as food they bring disease and death on those who do not suspect the danger. {MH 314.3}[11]
§26
肉食的危险也许不是立时呈现的，但这不能证明肉食是无害的。很少人肯相信他们所吃的肉会毒化他们的血液，使他们患病。许多人死于完全因肉食引起的疾病。他们本人或别人却根本没有想到致病的真正原因。{MH 315.1}
§27
The effects of a flesh diet may not be immediately realized; but this is no evidence that it is not harmful. Few can be made to believe that it is the meat they have eaten which has poisoned their blood and caused their suffering. Many die of diseases wholly due to meat eating, while the real cause is not suspected by themselves or by others. {MH 315.1}[12]
§28
肉食对道德的害处不亚于对身体的害处。肉食有害于健康，而凡对身体的危害，也有害于人的思想和心灵。要想到肉食对于动物的残忍，以及在宰杀者和观望者身上所产生的影响。它摧毁我们对于上帝所造之物应有的仁慈之心! {MH 315.2}
§29
The moral evils of a flesh diet are not less marked than are the physical ills. Flesh food is injurious to health, and whatever affects the body has a corresponding effect on the mind and the soul. Think of the cruelty to animals that meat eating involves, and its effect on those who inflict and those who behold it. How it destroys the tenderness with which we should regard these creatures of God! {MH 315.2}[13]
§30
不会说话的动物，有许多会显示出与人类相似的智力，真是神秘。牲畜能看，能听，能爱，能害怕，能痛苦。它们对于自己器官的使用，比许多人更加忠实。对受苦的同类，它们也会表示同情温柔。有许多动物对于喂养它之人所表现的感情，要远远超过一些人与人之间的感情。它们对人依依不舍。分离时痛苦万分。{MH 315.3}
§31
The intelligence displayed by many dumb animals approaches so closely to human intelligence that it is a mystery. The animals see and hear and love and fear and suffer. They use their organs far more faithfully than many human beings use theirs. They manifest sympathy and tenderness toward their companions in suffering. Many animals show an affection for those who have charge of them, far superior to the affection shown by some of the human race. They form attachments for man which are not broken without great suffering to them. {MH 315.3}[14]
§32
凡具有人心、饲养家畜的人，看见牲畜的眼中充满信任和情感，能忍心让它们死在屠户的刀下吗？他又怎么能吃下它们的肉，当作美食呢？{MH 316.1}
§33
What man with a human heart, who has ever cared for domestic animals, could look into their eyes, so full of confidence and affection, and willingly give them over to the butchers knife? How could he devour their flesh as a sweet morsel? {MH 316.1}[15]
§34
以为肌肉的力量依靠肉食，这是错误的。不用肉食，人体的需要能得到更好的供应，享受更有活力的健康。五谷、水果、蔬菜和坚果中含有制造优良血液所需要的一切营养成分。肉食提供不了这么多、这么好的成分。若是肉食对于健康与活力是必不可少的话，那它就会包括在起初所指定给人的食物中了。{MH 316.2}
§35
It is a mistake to suppose that muscular strength depends on the use of animal food. The needs of the system can be better supplied, and more vigorous health can be enjoyed, without its use. The grains, with fruits, nuts, and vegetables, contain all the nutritive properties necessary to make good blood. These elements are not so well or so fully supplied by a flesh diet. Had the use of flesh been essential to health and strength, animal food would have been included in the diet appointed man in the beginning. {MH 316.2}[16]
§36
中断了肉食，往往会有疲倦无力的感觉。许多人以此竭力主张人类需要肉食。其实正是因为肉食的刺激性，令血液发热，神经奋兴，才使人念念不忘。一些人很难戒除肉食，正像酒徒很难戒酒一样。但若是戒掉，自必更好。{MH 316.3}
§37
When the use of flesh food is discontinued, there is often a sense of weakness, a lack of vigor. Many urge this as evidence that flesh food is essential; but it is because foods of this class are stimulating, because they fever the blood and excite the nerves, that they are so missed. Some will find it as difficult to leave off flesh eating as it is for the drunkard to give up his dram; but they will be the better for the change. {MH 316.3}[17]
§38
取消肉食之后，应代之以各种营养美味的谷物、蔬菜、坚果和水果。这对于身体虚弱或持续做工的人来说特别有必要。在一些普遍贫困的国家里，肉类是最便宜的。这种情况下进行改变要困难一些，但也能成功。然而我们要考虑到当地人的处境和长年习惯的势力。即使是正确的观念，在倡导时也不要操之过急，不要叫人突然改变。要用便宜而有益健康的食物来代替肉食。这件事大半在于厨师。精心巧妙烹饪的食物会既营养又美味，能在很大的程度上代替肉食。{MH 316.4}
§39
When flesh food is discarded, its place should be supplied with a variety of grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits that will be both nourishing and appetizing. This is especially necessary in the case of those who are weak or who are taxed with continuous labor. In some countries where poverty abounds, flesh is the cheapest food. Under these circumstances the change will be made with greater difficulty; but it can be effected. We should, however, consider the situation of the people and the power of lifelong habit, and should be careful not to urge even right ideas unduly. None should be urged to make the change abruptly. The place of meat should be supplied with wholesome foods that are inexpensive. In this matter very much depends on the cook. With care and skill, dishes may be prepared that will be both nutritious and appetizing, and will, to a great degree, take the place of flesh food. {MH 316.4}[18]
§40
在任何情况下都要启发良知、诉诸意志，提供优质健康的食物。这样就容易实施变革，对肉食的需要不久就会停止了。{MH 317.1}
§41
In all cases educate the conscience, enlist the will, supply good, wholesome food, and the change will be readily made, and the demand for flesh will soon cease. {MH 317.1}[19]
§42
现在岂不是戒除肉食的时候吗？追求清洁、高雅、神圣，以便与天使为伴的人，怎能继续食用有害于身心的食物呢？他们怎能为口腹之欲而杀害上帝所造的牲畜呢？但愿他们恢复当初赐给人类健康美味的食物，以身作则，教育儿童怜恤上帝所造交给我们管理的不会说话的动物。{MH 317.2}
§43
Is it not time that all should aim to dispense with flesh foods? How can those who are seeking to become pure, refined, and holy, that they may have the companionship of heavenly angels, continue to use as food anything that has so harmful an effect on soul and body? How can they take the life of God’s creatures that they may consume the flesh as a luxury? Let them, rather, return to the wholesome and delicious food given to man in the beginning, and themselves practice, and teach their children to practice, mercy toward the dumb creatures that God has made and has placed under our dominion. {MH 317.2}