第21章 以色列人中的卫生
§1
第21章 以色列人中的卫生
§2
Chap. 21 - Hygiene Among the Israelites
§3
在上帝赐给以色列人的教训中，保健问题是十分受重视的。那班带着不洁净、不健康的习惯从奴役中出来的百姓，需要在旷野接受严格的训练之后才能进入迦南。要教导他们健康的原则，并实施卫生的条例。{MH 277.1}
§4
In the teaching that God gave to Israel, the preservation of health received careful attention. The people who had come from slavery with the uncleanly and unhealthful habits which it engenders, were subjected to the strictest training in the wilderness before entering Canaan. Health principles were taught and sanitary laws enforced. {MH 277.1}[1]
§5
预防疾病不单在宗教礼节上，在日常生活的一切事务上也要区别洁净的与不洁净的。凡与传染病或漏症接触的人必须与营地隔离，在身体和衣服没有彻底清洗之前，不准回来。关于传染病患者的指示是这样的：{MH 277.2}
§6
【Prevention of Disease】
§7
Not only in their religious service, but in all the affairs of daily life was observed the distinction between clean and unclean. All who came in contact with contagious or contaminating diseases were isolated from the encampment, and they were not permitted to return without thorough cleansing of both the person and the clothing. In the case of one afflicted with a contaminating disease, the direction was given: {MH 277.2}[2]
§8
“他（患者）所躺的床都为不洁净；所坐的物也为不洁净。凡摸那床的，必不洁净到晚上，并要洗衣服，用水洗澡。那坐患漏症之人所坐之物的，必不洁净到晚上，并要洗衣服，用水洗澡。那摸患漏症人身体的，必不洁净到晚上，并要洗衣服，用水洗澡。……凡摸了他身下之物的，必不洁净到晚上；拿了那物的，必不洁净到晚上，并要洗衣服，用水洗澡。患漏症的人没有用水涮手，无论摸了谁，谁必不洁净到晚上，并要洗衣服，用水洗澡。患漏症人所摸的瓦器，就必打破；所摸的一切木器，也必用水涮洗”（利15:4-12）。{MH 277.3}
§9
Every bed, whereon he lieth, . . . is unclean: and everything, whereon he sitteth, shall be unclean. And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And he that sitteth on anything whereon he sat . . . shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And he that toucheth the flesh of him . . . shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. . . . And whosoever toucheth anything that was under him shall be unclean until the even: and he that beareth any of those things shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And whomsoever he toucheth . . . and hath not rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And the vessel of earth, that he toucheth, . . . shall be broken: and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water. Leviticus 15:4-12. {MH 277.3}[3]
§10
关于麻风病的条律也说明了这些法规当时实施得多么彻底：{MH 278.1}
§11
The law concerning leprosy is also an illustration of the thoroughness with which these regulations were to be enforced: {MH 278.1}[4]
§12
“灾病在他（患麻风的）身上的日子，他便是不洁净。他既是不洁净，就要独居营外。染了大麻风灾病的衣服、无论是羊毛衣服、是麻布衣服；无论是在经上；在纬上；是床布的、是羊毛的、是在皮子上的，或在皮子作的什么物件上，……要给祭司察看。……灾病或在衣服上，经上，纬上，皮子上，若发散，这皮子无论当作何用，这灾病是蚕食的大麻风，都是不洁净了，那染了灾病的衣服，或是经上、纬上、羊毛上、麻衣上，或是皮子作的什么物件上，他都要焚烧，因为这是蚕食的大麻风，必在火中焚烧”（利13:46-53）。{MH 278.2}
§13
All the days wherein the plague shall be in him [the leper] he shall be defiled; he is unclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his habitation be. The garment also that the plague of leprosy is in, whether it be a woolen garment, or a linen garment; whether it be in the warp, or woof; of linen, or of woolen; whether in a skin, or in anything made of skin; . . . the priest shall look upon the plague: . . . if the plague be spread in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in a skin, or in any work that is made of skin; the plague is a fretting leprosy; it is unclean. He shall therefore burn that garment, whether warp or woof, in woolen or in linen, or anything of skin, wherein the plague is: for it is a fretting leprosy; it shall be burnt in the fire. Leviticus 13:46-52. {MH 278.2}[5]
§14
房屋若证明不宜居住，也要拆毁。祭司要“拆毁房子，把石头、木头、灰泥都搬到城外不洁净之处。在房子封锁的时候，进去的人必不洁净到晚上。在房子里躺着的，必洗衣服；在房子里吃饭的也必洗衣服”（利14:45-47）。{MH 278.3}
§15
So, too, if a house gave evidence of conditions that rendered it unsafe for habitation, it was destroyed. The priest was to break down the house, the stones of it, and the timber thereof, and all the mortar of the house; and he shall carry them forth out of the city into an unclean place. Moreover he that goeth into the house all the while that it is shut up shall be unclean until the even. And he that lieth in the house shall wash his clothes; and he that eateth in the house shall wash his clothes. Leviticus 14:45-47. {MH 278.3}[6]
§16
清洁上帝以最感人的方式教导了个人卫生的重要性。百姓在聚集到西奈山脚聆听上帝亲口宣布律法之前，必须把衣服和身体洗干净。违者必要处死。在上帝面前是容不得丝毫污秽的。{MH 279.1}
§17
【Cleanliness】
§18
The necessity of personal cleanliness was taught in the most impressive manner. Before gathering at Mount Sinai to listen to the proclamation of the law by the voice of God, the people were required to wash both their persons and their clothing. This direction was enforced on pain of death. No impurity was to be tolerated in the presence of God. {MH 279.1}[7]
§19
以色列人在旷野飘流的时候，过的几乎都是野外的生活。污秽之物对他们的危害性，比不上对住在密集房屋里的人。可是以色列人所住帐棚的内外，必须严格保持清洁。营内和营外，不允许有垃圾存在。耶和华说：{MH 279.2}
§20
During the sojourn in the wilderness the Israelites were almost continually in the open air, where impurities would have a less harmful effect than upon the dwellers in close houses. But the strictest regard to cleanliness was required both within and without their tents. No refuse was allowed to remain within or about the encampment. The Lord said: {MH 279.2}[8]
§21
“因为耶和华你的上帝常在你营中行走，要救护你，将仇敌交给你，所以你的营理当圣洁，免得祂见你那里有污秽，就离开你”（申23:14）。{MH 280.1}
§22
The Lord thy God walketh in the midst of thy camp, to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy. Deuteronomy 23:14. {MH 280.1}[9]
§23
食物在一切的饮食事务上，区分了洁净的和不洁净的：{MH 280.2}
§24
【Diet】
§25
The distinction between clean and unclean was made in all matters of diet: {MH 280.2}[10]
§26
“我是耶和华你们的上帝，使你们与万民有分别的。所以，你们要把洁净和不洁净的禽兽分别出来，不可因我给你们分为不洁净的禽兽，或是滋生在地上的活物，使自己成为可憎恶的”（利20:24,25）。{MH 280.3}
§27
I am the Lord thy God, which have separated you from other people. Ye shall therefore put difference between clean beasts and unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make your souls abominable by beast, or by fowl, or by any manner of living thing, . . . which I have separated from you as unclean. Leviticus 20:24, 25. {MH 280.3}[11]
§28
许多周围的外邦人所随便吃的食物，以色列人是不可以吃的。这不是专横的约束。禁止的东西都是无益的。宣布一些食物是不洁净的，是要说明食用有害的食物是会污秽人的。败坏身体的东西也会败坏心灵，使吃的人不适合与上帝来往，担任崇高圣洁的职务。{MH 280.4}
§29
Many articles of food eaten freely by the heathen about them were forbidden to the Israelites. It was no arbitrary distinction that was made. The things prohibited were unwholesome. And the fact that they were pronounced unclean taught the lesson that the use of injurious foods is defiling. That which corrupts the body tends to corrupt the soul. It unfits the user for communion with God, unfits him for high and holy service. {MH 280.4}[12]
§30
到了应许之地，从旷野开始的训练在有利于养成良好习惯的环境下继续进行。百姓没有聚居在城市里。各家都有自己的土地，确保享有自然正当的生活所带来的一切健康之福。{MH 280.5}
§31
In the Promised Land the discipline begun in the wilderness was continued under circumstances favorable to the formation of right habits. The people were not crowded together in cities, but each family had its own landed possession, ensuring to all the health-giving blessings of a natural, unperverted life. {MH 280.5}[13]
§32
关于以色列人所驱逐之迦南人残酷淫恶的行为，耶和华说：{MH 280.6}
§33
Concerning the cruel, licentious practices of the Canaanites, who were dispossessed by Israel, the Lord said: {MH 280.6}[14]
§34
“我在你们面前所逐出的国民，你们不可随从他们的风俗，因为他们行了这一切的事，所以我厌恶他们”（利20:23）。“可憎的物，你不可带进家去，不然，你就成了当毁灭的，与那物一样”（申7:26）。{MH 280.7}
§35
Ye shall not walk in the manners of the nation, which I cast out before you: for they committed all these things, and therefore I abhorred them. Verse 23. Neither shalt thou bring an abomination into thine house, lest thou be a cursed thing like it. Deuteronomy 7:26. {MH 280.7}[15]
§36
以色列人在一切日常事务中，得到了圣灵所启示的教训：{MH 281.1}
§37
In all the affairs of their daily life, the Israelites were taught the lesson set forth by the Holy Spirit: {MH 281.1}[16]
§38
“岂不知你们是上帝的殿，上帝的灵住在你们里头吗？若有人毁坏上帝的殿，上帝必要毁坏那人，因为上帝的殿是圣的，这殿就是你们”（林前3:16,17）。{MH 281.2}
§39
Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. 1 Corinthians 3:16, 17. {MH 281.2}[17]
§40
快乐“喜乐的心，乃是良药”（箴17:22）。感激、喜乐、仁慈、信靠上帝的慈爱和看顾——这些乃是健康最大的保障，要成为以色列人生活的主题。{MH 281.3}
§41
【Rejoicing】
§42
A merry [rejoicing] heart doeth good like a medicine. Proverbs 17:22. Gratitude, rejoicing, benevolence, trust in Gods love and care--these are healths greatest safeguard. To the Israelites they were to be the very keynote of life. {MH 281.3}[18]
§43
以色列人每年三次前往耶路撒冷守节，以及一周的住棚节，是他们户外活动和社会交际的机会。这些节期是欢乐的时辰，因款待穷人、利未人和寄居的客旅而更加甜美，更加祥和。{MH 281.4}
§44
The journey made three times a year to the annual feasts at Jerusalem, the weeks sojourn in booths during the Feast of Tabernacles, were opportunities for outdoor recreation and social life. These feasts were occasions of rejoicing, made sweeter and more tender by the hospitable welcome given to the stranger, the Levite, and the poor. {MH 281.4}[19]
§45
“你和利未人，并在你们中间寄居的，要因耶和华你上帝所赐你和你家的一切福分欢乐”（申26:11）。{MH 281.5}
§46
Rejoice in every good thing which the Lord thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the stranger that is among you. Deuteronomy 26:11. {MH 281.5}[20]
§47
所以后来在耶路撒冷对从巴比伦被掳回归的以色列人宣讲律法，百姓因他们的罪而哭泣时，有恩言对他们说：{MH 281.6}
§48
So, in later years, when the law of God was read in Jerusalem to the captives returned from Babylon, and the people wept because of their transgressions, the gracious words were spoken: {MH 281.6}[21]
§49
“不要悲哀哭泣。……你们去吃肥美的，喝甘甜的，有不能预备的，就分给他；因为今日是我们主的圣日。你们不要忧愁，因靠耶和华而得的喜乐是你们的力量”（尼8:9,10）。{MH 281.7}
§50
Mourn not. . . . Go your way, eat the fat, and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared: for this day is holy unto our Lord: neither be ye sorry; for the joy of the Lord is your strength. Nehemiah 8:9, 10. {MH 281.7}[22]
§51
且有宣告说：“在各城和耶路撒冷宣传报告说，你们当上山，将橄榄树、野橄榄树、番石榴树、棕树和各样茂密树的枝子取来，照着所写的搭棚。于是百姓出去，取了树枝来，各人在自己的房顶上，或院内，或上帝殿的院内，或水门的宽阔处，或以法莲门的宽阔处搭棚。从掳到之地归回的全会众就搭棚，住在棚里；……于是众人大大喜乐”（尼8:15-17）。{MH 282.1}
§52
And it was published and proclaimed in all their cities, and in Jerusalem, saying, Go forth unto the mount, and fetch olive branches, and pine branches, and myrtle branches, and palm branches, and branches of thick trees, to make booths, as it is written. So the people went forth, and brought them, and made themselves booths, everyone upon the roof of his house, and in their courts, and in the courts of the house of God, and in the street of the water gate, and in the street of the gate of Ephraim. And all the congregation of them that were come again out of the captivity made booths, and sat under the booths. . . . And there was very great gladness. Verses 15-17. {MH 282.1}[23]
§53
上帝指教以色列人有关身体和道德健康的全部重要原则。关于这些原则和道德律法的原则，祂吩咐他们说：{MH 283.1}
§54
God gave to Israel instruction in all the principles essential to physical as well as to moral health, and it was concerning these principles no less than concerning those of the moral law that He commanded them: {MH 283.1}[24]
§55
“我今日所吩咐你的话都要记在心上，也要殷勤教训你的儿女，无论你坐在家里，行在路上，躺下，起来，都要谈论；也要系在手上为记号，戴在额上为经文；又要写在你房屋的门框上，并你的城门上”（申6:6-9）。{MH 283.2}
§56
These words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates. Deuteronomy 6:6-9. {MH 283.2}[25]
§57
“日后，你的儿子问你说，耶和华我们上帝吩咐你们的这些法度、律例、典章、是什么意思呢？你就告诉你的儿子说，……耶和华又吩咐我们遵行这一切律例，要敬畏耶和华我们的上帝，使我们常得好处，蒙祂保全我们的生命，像今日一样”（申6:20,21,24）。{MH 283.3}
§58
And when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What mean the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which the Lord our God hath commanded you? Then thou shalt say unto thy son, . . . The Lord commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the Lord our God, for our good always, that He might preserve us alive, as it is at this day. Verses 20-24. {MH 283.3}[26]
§59
如果以色列人顺从了他们所得到的指示，利用了他们的优势，他们就必成为世上健康和兴旺的实际教训。他们这班子民如果在生活中遵循了上帝的计划，就不会患困扰其他国家的疾病。他们的体力和智力，会超过任何其他民族。他们必成为世界上最强大的国家。上帝说：{MH 283.4}
§60
Had the Israelites obeyed the instruction they received, and profited by their advantages, they would have been the worlds object lesson of health and prosperity. If as a people they had lived according to Gods plan, they would have been preserved from the diseases that afflicted other nations. Above any other people they would have possessed physical strength and vigor of intellect. They would have been the mightiest nation on the earth. God said: {MH 283.4}[27]
§61
“你必蒙福胜过万民”（申7:14）。{MH 283.5}
§62
Thou shalt be blessed above all people. Deuteronomy 7:14. {MH 283.5}[28]
§63
“耶和华今日照祂所应许你的，也认你为祂的子民，使你谨守祂的一切诫命，又使你得称赞、美名、尊荣，超乎祂所造的万民之上，并照祂所应许的，使你归耶和华你上帝为圣洁的民”（申26:18,19）。{MH 284.1}
§64
The Lord hath avouched thee this day to be His peculiar people, as He hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all His commandments; and to make thee high above all nations which He hath made, in praise, and in name, and in honor; and that thou mayest be an holy people unto the Lord thy God, as He hath spoken. Deuteronomy 26:18, 19. {MH 284.1}[29]
§65
“你若听从耶和华你上帝的话，这以下的福必追随你，临到你身上：你在城里必蒙福，在田间也必蒙福；你身所生的、地所产的、牲畜所下的，以及牛犊、羊羔，都必蒙福；你的筐子和你的抟面盆都必蒙福。你出也蒙福，入也蒙福”（申28:2-6）。{MH 284.2}
§66
And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God. Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field. Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store. Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou be when thou goest out. Deuteronomy 28:2-6. {MH 284.2}[30]
§67
“在你仓房里，并你手所办的一切事上，耶和华所命的福必临到你。耶和华你上帝也要在所给你的地上赐福与你。你若谨守耶和华你上帝的诫命，遵行祂的道，祂必照着向你所起的誓，立你作为自己的圣民。天下万民见你归在耶和华的名下，就要惧怕你。你在耶和华向你列祖起誓应许赐你的地上，祂必使你身所生的、牲畜所下的、地所产的、都绰绰有余。耶和华必为你开天上的府库，按时降雨在你的地上。在你手里所办的一切事上赐福与你。……你若听从‘耶和华你上帝的诫命，就是我今日所吩咐你的，谨守遵行，不偏左右，……耶和华就使你作首不作尾，但居上不居下’”（申28:8-13）。{MH 284.3}
§68
The Lord shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and He shall bless thee in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. The Lord shall establish thee an holy people unto Himself, as He hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the Lord thy God, and walk in His ways. And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by the name of the Lord; and they shall be afraid of thee. And the Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy ground, in the land which the Lord sware unto thy fathers to give thee. The Lord shall open unto thee His good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand. . . . And the Lord shall make thee the head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the Lord thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do them. Verses 8-13. {MH 284.3}[31]
§69
耶和华指示大祭司亚伦和他的儿子们说：{MH 285.1}
§70
To Aaron the high priest and his sons the direction was given: {MH 285.1}[32]
§71
“你们要这样为以色列人祝福，说：‘愿耶和华赐福给你，保护你。愿耶和华使祂的脸光照你，赐恩给你。愿耶和华向你仰脸，赐你平安’。他们要如此奉我的名为以色列人祝福，我也要赐福给他们”（民6:23-27）。 “你的日子如何，你的力量也必如何。耶书仑哪！没有能比上帝的；祂为帮助你，乘在天空，显其威荣，驾行穹苍，永生的上帝是你的居所；祂永久的膀臂在你以下……。 “以色列安然居住，雅各的本源独居五谷新酒之地，他的天也滴甘露。以色列啊，你是有福的！谁像你这蒙耶和华所拯救的百姓呢？祂是你的盾牌，帮助你，是你威荣的刀剑”（申33:25-29）！{MH 285.2}
§72
On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel, saying unto them, Jehovah bless thee, and keep thee: Jehovah make His face to shine upon thee, And be gracious unto thee: Jehovah lift up His countenance upon thee, And give thee peace. So shall they put My name upon the children of Israel; And I will bless them. As thy days, so shall thy strength be. There is none like unto God, O Jeshurun, Who rideth upon the heaven for thy help, And in His excellency on the skies. The eternal God is thy dwelling place, And underneath are the everlasting arms. . . . Israel dwelleth in safety, The fountain of Jacob alone, In a land of corn and wine; Yea, His heavens drop down dew. Happy art thou, O Israel: Who is like unto thee, a people saved by the Lord, The shield of thy help, And that is the sword of thy excellency! Numbers 6:23; 6:24-27, A.R.V.; Deuteronomy 33:25-29, R.V. {MH 285.2}[33]
§73
以色列人未能遵行上帝的旨意，因而得不到所应许的福气。但我们在约瑟、但以理、摩西、以利沙和其他许多人身上看到了真正人生计划成果的高尚范例。今日同样的忠心也能产生同样的结果。圣经对我们说：{MH 285.3}
§74
The Israelites failed of fulfilling Gods purpose, and thus failed of receiving the blessings that might have been theirs. But in Joseph and Daniel, in Moses and Elisha, and many others, we have noble examples of the results of the true plan of living. Like faithfulness today will produce like results. To us it is written: {MH 285.3}[34]
§75
“惟有你们是被拣选的族类，是有君尊的祭司，是圣洁的国度，是属上帝的子民，要叫你们宣扬那召你们出黑暗、入奇妙光明者的美德”（彼前2:9）。 “倚靠耶和华、以耶和华为可靠的，那人有福了”（耶17:7）。他们“要发旺如棕树，生长如黎巴嫩的香柏树。他们栽于耶和华的殿中，发旺在我们上帝的院里。他们年老的时候仍要结果子，要满了汁浆而常发青”（诗92:12-14）。 “不要忘记我的法则，你心要谨守我的诫命。因为祂必将长久的日子、生命的年数与平安加给你。……你就坦然行路，不至碰脚。你躺下，必不惧怕；你躺卧，睡得香甜。忽然来的惊恐，不要害怕，恶人遭毁灭，也不要恐惧，因为耶和华是你所倚靠的，祂必保守你的脚不陷入网罗”（箴3:1,2,23-26）。{MH 286.1}
§76
Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should show forth the praises of Him who hath called you out of darkness into His marvelous light. 1 Peter 2:9. Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord, And whose hope the Lord is. He shall flourish like the palm tree: He shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. Those that be planted in the house of the Lord Shall flourish in the courts of our God. They shall still bring forth fruit in old age. They shall be vigorous and covered with foliage. Let thine heart keep My commandments: For length of days, and long life, And peace, shall they add to thee. Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, And thy foot shall not stumble. When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: Yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet. Be not afraid of sudden fear, Neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh. For the Lord shall be thy confidence, And shall keep thy foot from being taken. Jeremiah 17:7; Psalm 92:12-14; 92:14, Leeser; Proverbs 3:1, 2, 23-26. {MH 286.1}[35]