第40章 健康与效能
§1
第40章 健康与效能
§2
Health and Efficiency
§3
健康是一种难以估量的福分，它与良心和宗教的关系，比许多人所认识的要紧密得多。它与人的服务能力大有关系，所以必须像品格那样严加保守。我们的身体越健康，我们推进上帝事业，造福同胞的工作就越发完美。{CT 294.1}[1]
§4
Health is an inestimable blessing and one more closely related to conscience and religion than many realize. It has a great deal to do with one’s capability for service and should be as sacredly guarded as the character, for the more perfect the health the more perfect will be our efforts for the advancement of God’s cause and for the blessing of humanity.?{CT 294.1}[1]
§5
我们的学校有一番重大的工作要做，就是把卫生改革的原理教导青年人。教师们应当在饮食衣着方面发挥改革的影响，促进学生自治和自约。要告诉青年人，他们的一切才能都是上帝所赐的。祂对于人的每一才能都是有所要求的。他们若以任何方式损害了自己的健康，就是轻看了上帝最好的恩赐。主赐给他们健康来进行他的圣工。他们的体力越强壮，他们的精力越充沛，他们就越能为主作更多的工作。他们不可损害健康或使自己过劳，而当小心加以看守，为祂所用。{CT 294.2}[2]
§6
There is an important work to be done in our schools in teaching the youth the principles of health reform. The teachers should exert a reformatory influence in the matter of eating, drinking, and dressing, and should encourage their students to practice self-denial and self-control. The youth should be taught that all their powers are from God; that He has a claim upon every faculty; and that by abusing their health in any way they slight one of God’s choicest blessings. The Lord gives them health to use in His service, and the greater their physical strength, the stronger their powers of endurance, the more they can do for the Master. Instead of abusing or overtaxing their physical powers, they should jealously guard them for His use.?{CT 294.2}[2]
§7
青春是积累知识的时期，这些知识必贯彻他们的终生。青春是养成良好习惯的时光，在这段时间，理应纠正不良习惯，获得并保持自制的能力，使自己习惯于在一举一动上都符合上帝的旨意，以及同胞的利益。青年乃是撒种的时期，所撒的种子将决定今生和来生的收获。在青年时期所养成的习惯，所获得的经验，以及自制的精神，几乎可以决定人的将来。{CT 294.3}[3]
§8
Youth is the time to lay up knowledge in those lines that can be put into daily practice throughout the life. Youth is the time to establish good habits, to correct wrong ones, to gain and hold the power of self-control, to accustom oneself to ordering all the acts of life with reference to the will of God and the welfare of one’s fellow creatures. Youth is the sowing time that determines?the harvest of this life and the life beyond the grave. The habits formed in childhood and youth, the tastes acquired, the self-control gained, are almost certain to determine the future of the man or woman.?{CT 294.3}[3]
§9
我们应当把保守健康的重要性作为圣经的要求来教导。要完全顺服上帝有关遵守卫生定律的命令。教育的课程应包括尽可能多的卫生知识。一个人若没有清楚地明白对于自己的本分，将自己看作上帝的产业，就不能算他已完全明白他对于上帝的本分。凡对于生命健康的定律一直保持无知或公然加以违犯的人，乃是在得罪上帝。{CT 295.1}[4]
§10
The importance of caring for the health should be taught as a Bible requirement. Perfect obedience to God’s commands calls for conformity to the laws of the being. The science of education includes as full a knowledge of physiology as can be obtained. No one can properly understand his obligations to God unless he understands clearly his obligations to himself as God’s property. He who remains in sinful ignorance of the laws of life and health, or who willfully violates these laws, sins against God.?{CT 295.1}[4]
§11
花在身体锻炼上的时间并不算是浪费。学生若一味钻在书本里，而同时又很少在户外活动，他就是在伤害自己。均衡地活动身体的各个器官和组织，会使每一器官都发挥最好的效能。不间断地用脑，同时其他器官却闲着不用，就会造成体力智力的损失。身体的健康被夺走了。心智丧失了生机和活力，结果造成不健康的敏感。{CT 295.2}[5]
§12
The time spent in physical exercise is not lost. The student who is constantly poring over his books, while he takes but little exercise in the open air, does himself an injury. A proportionate exercise of the various organs and faculties of the body is essential to the best work of each. When the brain is constantly taxed while the other organs are left inactive, there is a loss of physical and mental strength. The physical powers are robbed of their healthy tone, the mind loses its freshness and vigor, and a morbid excitability is the result.?{CT 295.2}[5]
§13
人若要得到均衡的心智，身心的一切能力都应加以运用和培养。在这个世界上有许多人只发展某一才能，而同时其他才能则置于不用，以致成了片面发展。许多青年的教育失败了。他们过度地学习，同时却疏忽了有关实际生活的事。若要获得均衡的心智，适当的体力劳动要与脑力劳动相结合，以致所有才能都和谐地发展。{CT 295.3}[6]
§14
In order for men and women to have well-balanced minds, all the powers of the being should be called into use and developed. There are in this world many who are one-sided because only one set of faculties has been cultivated, while others are dwarfed from inaction. The education of many youth is a failure. They overstudy, while they neglect that which pertains to the practical?life. That the balance of the mind may be maintained, a judicious system of physical work should be combined with mental work that there may be a harmonious development of all the powers.?{CT 295.3}[6]
§15
学生应参加体力劳动，即使工作疲倦了，也不会有什么害处。你以为基督就没有疲倦过吗？不是的，疲倦没有什么害处，它只能使睡眠更加甜蜜。教育若不与劳动实践相结合，就没多少价值。这一点，不怕一再重复强调。当学生离开学校时，应当比进校时对于生活的许多定理有更好的认识，并具有更健康的身体。{CT 296.1}[7]
§16
Students should have manual work to do, and it will not hurt them if in doing this work they become weary. Do you not think that Christ became weary? Indeed He did. Weariness injures no one. It only makes rest the sweeter. The lesson cannot be too often repeated that education will be of little value without physical strength with which to use it. When students leave college, they should have better health and a better understanding of the laws of life than when they entered it.?{CT 296.1}[7]
§17
【过度的学习】
§18
不要允许学生任意将两年的功课放在一年学完。负担双倍的任务，在很大的程度上就是意味着心智过劳。忽略体力锻炼，妄想头脑有能力消化加倍的精神食粮，根本是不合理的。使脑子工作过度，使心志过劳和肠胃工作过度，同样是罪恶的。{CT 296.2}[8]
§19
【Overstudy】
§20
The student who desires to put the work of two years into one should not be permitted to have his own way. To undertake to do double work means, with many, overtaxation of the mind and neglect of physical exercise. It is not reasonable to suppose that the mind can assimilate an oversupply of mental food, and it is as great a sin to overload the mind as it is to overload the digestive organs.?{CT 296.2}[8]
§21
我要对那些希望在上帝的事业上成为有效之工人的人说：你们若正在使自己的脑工作过度，以为若不终日学习就会跟不上，你们就当马上改变自己的看法和做法。若不在这方面加以充分注意，就会有许多人过早地进入坟墓。{CT 296.3}[9]
§22
To those who are desirous of becoming efficient laborers in the cause of God I would say, If you are putting an undue amount of labor on the brain, thinking you will lose ground unless you study all the time, you should at once change your views and your course. Unless greater care is exercised in this respect, there are many who will go down to the grave prematurely.?{CT 296.3}[9]
§23
为了保证睡眠的时间，就不可有额外的负担。学生不可养成读书到深夜，而白日睡觉的习惯。如果他们在家里已养成这习惯，就当纠正之，在当睡的时间睡觉。他们应当在早晨起来开始白天的工作。我们的学校应当在九点半熄灯。{CT 297.1}[10]
§24
In regulating the hours for sleep, there should be no haphazard work. Students should not form the habit of burning the midnight oil and taking the hours of the day for sleep. If they have been accustomed to doing this at home, they should correct the habit, going to bed at a seasonable hour. They will then rise in the morning refreshed for the duties of the day. In our schools the lights should be put out at half past nine.?{CT 297.1}[10]
§25
【声音的训练】
§26
声音的训练对于学生的健康很有关系。应当教导青年人如何正确地呼吸，如何借助腹肌的运动发音。而不可使喉和肺部受到不自然的负担。从喉部发音，从声音器官的较高部分发出，危害了这些器官的健康，减低了它们的效能。发音的主要动作应由腹部肌肉来承担，而喉咙只能作通道。如果我们教导他们正确发音的话，许多已经去世的人本来是可以活着的。在说话发音时正确地运用腹肌，能解决许多发音和胸部的困难，有利于延年益寿。{CT 297.2}[11]
§27
【Voice Culture】
§28
Voice culture is a subject that has much to do with the health of students. The youth should be taught how to breathe properly and how to read in such a way that no unnatural strain shall come on the throat and lungs, but that the work shall be shared by the abdominal muscles. Speaking from the throat, letting the sound come from the upper part of the vocal organs, impairs the health of these organs and decreases their efficiency. The abdominal muscles are to do the heaviest part of the labor, the throat being used as a channel. Many have died who might have lived had they been taught how to use the voice correctly. The right use of the abdominal muscles in reading and speaking will prove a remedy for many voice and chest difficulties, and the means of prolonging life.?{CT 297.2}[11]
§29
食物的选择和饮食习惯对人的健康大有影响。许多学生从来没有下决心来管理自己的食欲，遵循正确的饮食习惯。一些人一下子吃得太多。一些人在两餐之间想吃的时候，就吃零食。{CT 297.3}[12]
§30
【Diet】
§31
The character of the food and the manner in which it is eaten exert a powerful influence on the health. Many students have never made a determined effort to control?the appetite or to observe proper rules in regard to eating. Some eat too much at their meals, and some eat between meals whenever the temptation is presented.?{CT 297.3}[12]
§32
我们应当启发所有的学生都注意饮食的习惯。我蒙指示，凡进入我们学校的人不可吃肉食和不卫生的食物。凡有刺激性的食物不可摆在桌子上。我劝所有的人都不要吃有碍健康的东西。这样，他们才能藉着牺牲事奉主。{CT 298.1}[13]
§33
The need of carefulness in habits of diet should be impressed on the minds of all students. I have been instructed that those attending our schools are not to be served with flesh foods or with preparations of food that are known to be unwholesome. Nothing that will serve to encourage a desire for stimulants should be placed on the table. I appeal to all to refuse to eat those things that will injure the health. Thus they can serve the Lord by sacrifice.?{CT 298.1}[13]
§34
凡顺服卫生定律的人必要对身体的需要和消化的规律花时间、操心思。他们所得的报赏必是清晰的思想和健壮的智力。反之，人若损害肠胃，就有可能在自己的基督徒经验上沾上污点。凡能扰乱消化的东西就能麻痹心灵的感官。凡使气色暗淡的东西也必遮暗心灵，消除心灵的欢乐和平安。每一件危害健康的习惯都会危及心灵。我们的时间若用在建立和保持强壮的身体和健康的心灵，就是用对了。坚定而镇静的神经以及健全的血液循环，有助于人们遵循正确的原则，听从良心的声音。{CT 298.2}[14]
§35
Those who obey the laws of health will give time and thought to the needs of the body and to the laws of digestion. And they will be rewarded by clearness of thought and strength of mind. On the other hand, it is possible for one to spoil his Christian experience by abuse of the stomach. Those things that derange the digestion have a benumbing influence on the finer feelings of the heart. That which darkens the skin and makes it dingy also clouds the spirits and destroys cheerfulness and peace of mind. Every habit that injures the health reacts upon the mind. That time is well spent which is directed to the establishment and preservation of sound physical and mental health. Firm, quiet nerves and a healthy circulation help men to follow right principles and to listen to the promptings of conscience.?{CT 298.2}[14]
§36
【通风和清洁卫生】
§37
我们要特别注意通风和清洁卫生。教师应当把他们的生理卫生的知识在教室中付诸实践。这样，他可以保护学生避免许多因不懂或疏忽卫生定律而遇到的危险。许多人因教师不注意这些事而丧命。{CT 298.3}[15]
§38
【Ventilation and Sanitation】
§39
Special attention should be paid to ventilation and sanitation. The teacher should put into practical use?in the schoolroom the knowledge of the principles of physiology and hygiene. He may thus guard his pupils from many dangers to which they would be exposed through ignorance or neglect of sanitary laws. Many lives have been sacrificed because teachers have not given attention to these things.?{CT 298.3}[15]
§40
要避免气温的突然变化，要看看学生有没有因坐在窗口而着凉。教师凭着自己的感觉来调节教室的温度是不安全的，他自己和学生的身体都需要有恒定的温度。{CT 299.1}[16]
§41
Sudden changes of temperature should be avoided. Care should be taken to see that the students do not become chilled by sitting in drafts. It is not safe for the teacher to regulate the heat of the schoolroom by his own feelings. His own good, as well as that of the students, demands that a uniform temperature be maintained.?{CT 299.1}[16]
§42
【顺从的报赏】
§43
大脑是全身的中枢。不良的习惯会影响大脑，妨碍学生获得他们所希望的造诣——就是完善的智育。学生若不熟悉保全身体和心灵的知识，他们就不会成为成功的学生。学习并不是使身体衰弱的主要原因，主要原因是不适宜的饮食，不节制的食物，缺乏身体锻炼，不注意健康定律的其他方面。我们若尽可能保护健康，我们就能凭信心求上帝赐福给我们的努力。{CT 299.2}[17]
§44
【The Reward of Obedience】
§45
The brain is the citadel of the being. Wrong physical habits affect the brain and prevent the attainment of that which the students desire—a good mental discipline. Unless the youth are versed in the science of how to care for the body as well as for the mind, they will not be successful students. Study is not the principal cause of breakdown of the mental powers. The main cause is improper diet, irregular meals, a lack of physical exercise, and careless inattention in other respects to the laws of health. When we do all that we can to preserve the health, then we can ask God in faith to bless our efforts.?{CT 299.2}[17]
§46
学生们在提出要接受所谓“高等教育”之先，应当先学习在饮食上荣耀上帝，并操练筋骨肌肉使它们能献出最高的服务。一个学生可以用全副精力来寻求知识，但他若不顺从健康的定律，就必削弱自己的效能。他既养成不良习惯，就失去了自我赏识的能力，无法管理自己。他不能正确地认识到那些与他最为攸关的事物，以致轻率而无理性地对待自己的心灵和身体。{CT 299.3}[18]
§47
Before students talk of their attainments in the so-called “higher education,” let them learn to eat and drink to the glory of God and to exercise brain, bone, and muscle in such a way as to fit them for the highest service. A student may devote all his powers to acquiring knowledge, but as he disobeys the laws that govern his?being he will weaken his efficiency. By cherishing wrong habits, he loses the power of self-appreciation, and he loses self-control. He cannot reason correctly about matters that concern him most deeply, and becomes reckless and irrational in his treatment of mind and body.?{CT 299.3}[18]
§48
保持身体的健康，是我们每个人的责任，上帝要求每个人每天做成自己得救的功夫。祂要我们从原因考虑到后果，记住我们是祂的产业，藉着保持身体纯洁健康，而与祂联在一起。全身献给祂为祭。{CT 300.1}[19]
§49
The obligation resting upon us to keep the body in health is an individual responsibility. The Lord requires each one to work out his salvation day by day. He bids us reason from cause to effect, to remember that we are His property, and to unite with Him in keeping the body pure and healthy, and the whole being sanctified to Him.?{CT 300.1}[19]
§50
要教导青年人不可在生活上任意妄为。对于那些慢待上帝宝贵恩赐的人，上帝决不会算为无罪。人要认识到他所得的力量、才能、财富和机会越多，他在圣工上所负的责任就越重，他要为主所作的事就越多。凡已认识到人生乃是个神圣委托的人，必不会轻易蹈入放荡和罪恶的急流之中。这罪恶的狂澜已经吞没了当今许多年青有为的人。{CT 300.2}[20]
§51
The youth should be taught that they are not at liberty to do as they please with their lives. God will not hold guiltless those who treat lightly His precious gifts. Men should realize that the greater their endowment of strength, of talent, of means, or of opportunities, the more heavily should the burden of God’s work rest upon them, and the more they should do for Him. The youth who are trained to believe that life is a sacred trust will hesitate to plunge into the vortex of dissipation and crime that swallows up so many promising young men of this age.?{CT 300.2}[20]
§52
凡由于疾病或工作过度而身体衰弱的教师，应当特别注意健康的定律。他要有消遣的时间。当一个教师看到自己的健康状况不能胜任繁重的学习时，就当注意自然规律的信号，减轻负担。他不可再负担学校工作以外的工作，以致体力心智都过于疲劳，神经组织受到扰乱。他如果这样做，就不适于做思想工作，不能正确地对待他自己的学生。{CT 300.3}[21]
§53
The teacher whose physical powers are already enfeebled by disease or overwork should pay especial attention to the laws of health. He should take time for recreation. When a teacher sees that his health is not sufficient to stand the pressure of heavy study, he should heed the admonition of nature and lighten the load. He should not take upon himself responsibilities outside of?his schoolwork which will so tax him physically and mentally that his nervous system will be unbalanced, for by this course he will be unfitted to deal with minds and cannot do justice either to himself or to his students.?{CT 300.3}[21]
§54
有时教师把他心中所淤积的乌云带入教室。他已经过于疲劳，以致精神烦闷，或由于消化不良而使凡事都笼罩了一层阴郁的色彩。他带着衰弱的神经和发炎的肠胃走进教室。没有什么事是称他心意的。在他看来学生们似乎是在故意不尊重他，于是他处处进行刻薄的挑剔和非难。也许他的几个学生也真有错误或无礼，但他把事情看得很严重。于是对他所认为犯错的人严加指责，事后又不承认自己犯了错误。为了维护自己的尊严，他已失去了表现基督精神，或许还放过了救一个人归向天国的宝贵机会。{CT 301.1}[22]
§55
Sometimes the teacher carries into the schoolroom the shadow of darkness that has been gathering on his soul. He has been overtaxed and is nervous, or dyspepsia has colored everything a gloomy hue. He enters the schoolroom with quivering nerves and irritated stomach. Nothing seems to be done to please him; he thinks that his pupils are bent on showing him disrespect; and his sharp criticisms and censure are given on the right hand and on the left. Perhaps one or more of the students commits errors or is unruly. The case is exaggerated in his mind, and he is severe and cutting in his reproof of the one whom he thinks at fault. And the same injustice afterward prevents him from admitting that he has taken a wrong course. To maintain the dignity of his position, he has lost a golden opportunity to manifest the spirit of Christ, perhaps to gain a soul for heaven.?{CT 301.1}[22]
§56
每个教师都有责任尽可能将自己的身体作为活祭，献给基督，既有健全的身体，又有道德上脱离了污秽的灵魂，以致基督能在救灵工作上用他为自己的同工。{CT 301.2}[23]
§57
It is the duty of each teacher to do all in his power to present his body to Christ a living sacrifice, physically perfect, as well as morally free from defilement, that Christ may make him a co-worker with Himself in the salvation of souls.?{CT 301.2}[23]