第39章 学生的体力劳动
§1
第39章 学生的体力劳动
§2
Physical Labor for Students
§3
目前的教育计划向青年人打开了试探的门。虽然这些计划中安排大量学习的时间，可是还留有许多时间却无所事事。这空闲的时间通常是随随便便度过的。……许多青年人在家中曾受过宗教的教育，入学时比较天真纯洁的，但因与品行不端的同伴结交而腐败了。他们失去自重之心，牺牲了崇高的原则，于是就预备好走上堕落的道路。因为他们的良心麻木，罪在他们看来不再是那么可恶了。但是，如果将学习与劳动相结合，这些弊端就能在很大的程度上得到纠正。……{CT 285.1}[1]
§4
With the present plan of education, a door of temptation is opened to the youth. Although they generally have too many hours of study they have many hours without anything to do. These leisure hours are frequently spent in a reckless manner.... Very many young men who have been religiously instructed at home, and who go out to the schools comparatively innocent and virtuous, become corrupt by associating with vicious companions. They lose self-respect and sacrifice noble principles. Then they are prepared to pursue the downward path; for they have so abused conscience that sin does not appear so exceeding sinful. These evils ... might be remedied in a great degree if study and labor could be combined....?{CT 285.1}[1]
§5
一些学生把所有精力都放在学习上，全神贯注于接受教育的目的。他们运用脑力而体力却没有运用，因而用脑过度了，而肌肉却因没有活动而衰弱了。这些学生毕业时，可以看出他们所得的教育是由于牺牲了健康。他们曾夜以继日，年复一年地使自己的心智处于不断的紧张之中，而同时却没有充分的锻炼身体。……{CT 285.2}[2]
§6
Some students put the whole being into their studies and concentrate their minds upon the object of obtaining an education. They work the brain, but allow the physical powers to remain inactive. Thus the brain is overworked, and the muscles become weak because they are not exercised. When these students are graduated, it is evident that they have obtained their education at the expense of life. They have studied day and night, year after year, keeping their minds continually upon the stretch, while they have failed to exercise their muscles sufficiently....?{CT 285.2}[2]
§7
少女们不间断地进行学习，同时却忽略了对实际生活来说比书本知识更重要的其他教育。她们虽受了教育，可是往往变成终生残废。她们长期闭门读书，不去享受户外的新鲜空气和上帝所赐的阳光，以致疏忽了健康。这些青年女子当初若能使学习与家务劳动和户外活动相结合，她们就能带着健康的身体从学校中出来了。{CT 285.3}[3]
§8
Young ladies frequently give themselves up to study, to the neglect of other branches of education even more essential for practical life than the study of books. And?after having obtained their education, they are often invalids for life. They have neglected their health by remaining too much indoors, deprived of the pure air of heaven and of the God-given sunlight. These young women might have come from school in health had they combined with their studies household labor and exercise in the open air.?{CT 285.3}[3]
§9
健康乃是无价之宝，它是人类所能获得的最宝贵的财富。富足、尊荣和学问如果是以牺牲健康为代价换来的，这代价真是太大了。若没有健康，这些收获都不能给人带来幸福。……{CT 286.1}[4]
§10
Health is a great treasure. It is the richest possession that mortals can have. Wealth, honor, or learning is dearly purchased if it be at the loss of the vigor of health. None of these attainments can secure happiness if health is wanting....?{CT 286.1}[4]
§11
【懒惰的咒诅】
§12
许多富裕的父母并没有认识到对于儿女实际生活义务方面的教育，是与科学方面的教育一样重要的。他们没有看到，为了儿女思想和心智的发育，为了他们将来成为有用的人起见，有必要将实用劳动的全面知识向他们传授。他们的儿女应该具有这种知识，以致患难来到时，他们就能屹然而立，知道如何运用自己的双手。他们若有体力，即使没有一元钱，也不至于贫困。{CT 286.2}[5]
§13
【The Curse of Inaction】
§14
In many cases parents who are wealthy do not feel the importance of giving their children an education in the practical duties of life as well as in the sciences. They do not see the necessity, for the good of their children’s minds and morals, and for their future usefulness, of giving them a thorough understanding of useful labor. This is due their children, that, should misfortune come, they could stand forth in noble independence, knowing how to use their hands. If they have a capital of strength they cannot be poor even if they have not a dollar.?{CT 286.2}[5]
§15
许多在年青时富裕的人，后来也许会被剥夺了一切财富，还有父母、兄弟姊妹靠他们养生。因此每个青年人应受劳动的教育，以便应付任何意外，这一点是何等的重要！富人若因有财富而妨碍了儿女学会实用的劳动，以致不能应付实际生活，那末，财富确实是个咒诅了！……{CT 286.3}[6]
§16
Many who in youth were in affluent circumstances may be robbed of all their riches and be left with parents and brothers and sisters dependent upon them for sustenance. Then how important that every youth be educated to labor, that he may be prepared for any emergency! Riches are indeed a curse when their possessors let them stand in the way of their sons and daughters’?obtaining a knowledge of useful labor, that they may be qualified for practical life....?{CT 286.3}[6]
§17
贫困在许多情况下乃是一个福分；因为它防止了青少年因懒惰而致灭亡。体力和智力都应受到培养和适当的发育。父母的首要任务是使他们的儿女有坚固的体格，成为健壮之人。要达到这个目的，没有身体的操练是不可能的。为了孩子们身体健康、道德优良，我们应当教他们劳动，即使就生活需要而论并不要求他们这样作。如果他们要有纯洁优美的品德，就必须进行必要的劳动锻炼，以致使所有器官都受到操练。儿童们在劳动和舍己助人中所得到的满足，将成为他们所能享受的最有益的乐趣……{CT 287.1}[7]
§18
Poverty, in many cases, is a blessing, for it prevents youth and children from being ruined by inaction. The physical as well as the mental powers should be cultivated and properly developed. The first and constant care of parents should be to see that their children have firm constitutions, that they may be sound men and women. It is impossible to attain this object without physical exercise. For their own physical health and moral good, children should be taught to work, even if there is no necessity so far as want is concerned. If they would have pure and virtuous characters they must have the discipline of well-regulated labor, which will bring into exercise all the muscles. The satisfaction that children have in being useful, and in denying themselves to help others, will be the most healthful pleasure they can enjoy....?{CT 287.1}[7]
§19
父母们，懒惰乃是临到青少年的一个最大的咒诅。不要让你们的儿女在早晨躺在床上，睡过宝贵的时辰。这时光是上帝交给他们用在最好目的上的。他们要为这时光向上帝交账。母亲为他们的女儿所犯下最大的错误就是代她们挑担子。为了她们目前和将来的利益，这担子本来应由她们自己来挑的。……{CT 287.2}[8]
§20
Parents, inaction is the greatest curse that ever came upon youth. Your daughters should not be allowed to lie in bed late in the morning, sleeping away the precious hours lent them of God to be used for the best purpose, and for which they will have to give an account to Him. That mother does her daughters great injury who bears the burdens that, for their own present and future good, they should share with her....?{CT 287.2}[8]
§21
【体力劳动的益处】
§22
家务劳动的锻炼对于少女有极大的益处。体力劳动决不会妨碍脑力的培养。体力劳动会使人均衡成长，防止脑力过分劳累。身体的劳动会减轻人脑筋的疲乏。……健全的头脑需要坚强的体格。体格的健康以及对于必要家务的实际知识，都是很重要的，决不会阻碍脑力的发育。……{CT 287.3}[9]
§23
【Advantages of Physical Labor】
§24
Exercise in household labor is of the greatest advantage to young girls. Physical labor will not prevent the cultivation of the intellect: far from it. The advantages gained by physical labor will balance a person and prevent the?mind from being overworked. The toil will come upon the muscles and relieve the wearied brain.... A sound body is required for a sound intellect. Physical soundness and a practical knowledge of all the necessary household duties will never be a hindrance to a well-developed intellect; both are highly important....?{CT 287.3}[9]
§25
过去早就应当扩大教育范围。应有农场和工厂与学校结合，也应当有教授家务劳动的教师。每天都应有一定时间用来从事劳动，使体力和智力均衡地得到操练。如果当初学校按照我们所提出的计划建立，现在就不会有这么多发育不均衡的人了。……{CT 288.1}[10]
§26
Provision should have been made in past generations for education upon a larger scale. In connection with the schools should have been agricultural and manufacturing establishments. There should also have been teachers of household labor. And a portion of the time each day should have been devoted to labor that the physical and mental powers might be equally exercised. If schools had been established on the plan we have mentioned, there would not now be so many unbalanced minds....?{CT 288.1}[10]
§27
不间断地过度用脑力，而同时又不使肌体得到运动，会使人神经衰弱，使学生们强烈地想要改换口味，追求刺激性的娱乐。当他们摆脱了每日数小时学习的拘禁之后，几乎发狂了。许多人在家中从未受到约束，他们一向任意随从自己的爱好，他们将学习的约束视为难忍的负担。由于他们在课外无所事事，撒但就向他们提供了不正当的娱乐来改换一下口味，这些娱乐对他们的影响是邪恶的。……{CT 288.2}[11]
§28
A constant strain upon the brain while the muscles are inactive, enfeebles the nerves and gives to students an almost uncontrollable desire for change and exciting amusements. When they are released, after being confined to study several hours each day, they are nearly wild. Many have never been controlled at home. They have been left to follow inclination, and they think that the restraint of the hours of study is a severe tax upon them; and because they have nothing to do after study hours, Satan suggests sport and mischief for a change. Their influence over other students is demoralizing....?{CT 288.2}[11]
§29
如果有工厂和农场与本会的学校相结合，如果我们能用有才干的教师从学习和劳动的各个方面教育青年，每日用一部分时间学习知识，用一部分时间进行体力劳动，世界上就会出现更加高尚的青年人，发挥改造社会的影响。许多学生就会带着稳健的品格从这些学校毕业出来。他们将具有坚韧不拨的勇气来克服障碍。他们决不会因普遍流行的邪恶影响而动摇自己的原则。{CT 288.3}[12]
§30
Had there been agricultural and manufacturing establishments connected with our schools, and had competent teachers been employed to educate the youth in the different branches of study and labor, devoting a portion of?each day to mental improvement and a portion to physical labor, there would now be a more elevated class of youth to come upon the stage of action, to have influence in molding society. Many of the youth graduated from such institutions would come forth with stability of character. They would have perseverance, fortitude, and courage to surmount obstacles, and such principles that they would not be swayed by a wrong influence however popular.?{CT 288.3}[12]
§31
我们原应有经验丰富的教师来教导少女烹调的技术。应当教她们如何裁剪和修补、缝纫衣服，使她们受到人生实际职责的教育。还应为男青年设立学习各种手艺的工厂，使他们的肌体和智力都得到锻炼。{CT 289.1}[13]
§32
There should have been experienced teachers to give lessons to young ladies in the cooking department. Young girls should have been taught how to cut, make, and mend garments, and thus become educated for the practical duties of life. For young men, there should have been establishments where they could learn different trades, which would bring into exercise their muscles as well as their mental powers.?{CT 289.1}[13]
§33
如果青年人只能接受单方面的教育，那么两者相比——获得一切科学的知识而牺牲健康和生命，与获得实际生活的劳动知识——哪一个更重要呢？我们要毫不犹疑地回答说：后者。如果有一项必须舍弃的话，那就舍弃书本的研究。{CT 289.2}[14]
§34
If the youth can have but a one-sided education, which is of the greater consequence, a knowledge of the sciences, with all the disadvantages to health and life, or a knowledge of labor for practical life? We unhesitatingly answer, The latter. If one must be neglected, let it be the study of books.?{CT 289.2}[14]
§35
【女孩的教育】
§36
有许多已婚成家的女子，对于作妻子作母亲的职务几乎没有什么实际的认识。她们能阅读、能奏乐，却不会烹调。她们不会做美味的餐食，而这对于家庭的健康又是很重要的。她们不会裁剪缝纫，因为她们从来没有学过。她们视这些事为无关紧要的。在她们的婚后生活中，她们和她们的小孩子不得不靠别人来做这些事。由于她们对这些生活上最重要的职责无可原谅的无知，致使许多家庭没有幸福。……{CT 289.3}[15]
§37
【The Education of Girls】
§38
There are very many girls who are married and have families who have but little practical knowledge of the duties devolving upon a wife and mother. They can read, and play upon an instrument of music; but they cannot cook. They cannot make good bread, which is very?essential to the health of the family. They cannot cut and make garments, for they have never learned how. They regard these things as unessential, and in their married life they are as dependent upon someone to do these things for them as are their own little children. It is this inexcusable ignorance in regard to the most needful duties of life which makes very many unhappy families....?{CT 289.3}[15]
§39
【均衡的劳动】
§40
从事脑力劳动的人用脑是过度的。他们经常滥用自己的智力。而另一等人的人生最高目的乃是体力劳动。这等人并没有运用自己的心智。他们的肌体已受到了锻炼，可是脑筋却被剥夺了应有的智力。正如脑力劳动者因疏忽身体锻炼而丧失了体力一样。……如果知识分子愿意稍微分担一下劳动阶级的担子，藉此增强自己的体力，劳动阶级就能减轻负担，抽出一部分时间从事知识和道德方面的培养。那些坐着用脑的人应当进行身体锻炼，即使他们的生计无须靠劳力维持，为了健康，他们应当使体力劳动与脑力劳动相结合。{CT 290.1}[16]
§41
【Equalizing Labor】
§42
The minds of thinking men labor too hard. They frequently use their mental powers prodigally; while there is another class whose highest aim in life is physical labor. The latter class do not exercise the mind. Their muscles are exercised, while their brains are robbed of intellectual strength; just as the minds of thinking men are worked while their bodies are robbed of strength and vigor by their neglect to exercise their muscles.... If the intellectual would to some extent share the burden of the laboring class, and thus strengthen the muscles, the laboring class might do less, and devote a portion of their time to mental and moral culture. Those of sedentary and literary habits should take physical exercise, even if they have no need to labor as far as means are concerned. Health should be a sufficient inducement to lead them to unite physical with mental labor.?{CT 290.1}[16]
§43
为了造就全面发展的人，德、智、体方面的教育应当互相结合。有些人适合于从事脑力劳动，有些人则爱从事体力劳动，这两等人都应设法加强他们的不足之处，以致能将身体献上，当作活祭，是圣洁的，是上帝所喜悦的，这样的事奉，是理所当然的。……{CT 290.2}[17]
§44
Moral, intellectual, and physical culture should be combined in order to have well-developed, well-balanced men and women. Some are qualified to exercise great intellectual strength, while others are inclined to love and enjoy physical labor. Both of these classes should seek to?improve where they are deficient, that they may present to God their entire being, a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to Him, which is their reasonable service....?{CT 290.2}[17]
§45
人若满足于一生从事体力劳动，而让别人为他们动脑筋，自己只知实行别人所计划之事，他们就必有强壮的体力而缺少智力。他们向善的影响就少了。他们若像运用体力一样运用脑力，他们的影响就远不止于此。这等人被疾病袭击时，更易跌倒，因为他们的身体没有被敏锐的脑力所振奋。凡赋有良好体力的人应当训练自己善于思考，不要靠别人为他们动脑筋。{CT 291.1}[18]
§46
Those who are content to devote their lives to physical labor, and leave others to do the thinking for them, while they simply carry out what other brains have planned, will have strength of muscle, but feeble intellects. Their influence for good is small in comparison with what it might be if they would use their brains as well as their muscles. This class fall more readily if attacked by disease, because the system is not vitalized by the electrical force of the brain to resist disease. Men who have good physical powers should educate themselves to think as well as to act, and not depend upon others to be brains for them.?{CT 291.1}[18]
§47
【劳动不是卑贱的】
§48
许多人错误地认为劳动是下等的。因此青年人都非常希望把自己培养成教师、职员、商人、律师，担任那几乎用不着体力劳动的职务。女青年则视家务为低贱的事。虽然家务所要求的体力劳动不太繁重，但有利于增进健康，可是她们却设法培养自己成为老师和职员，或者学会某项技术，使自己能在室内坐着工作。……{CT 291.2}[19]
§49
【Work Not Degrading】
§50
It is a popular error with a large class to regard work as degrading; therefore young men are very anxious to educate themselves to become teachers, clerks, merchants, lawyers, and to occupy almost any position that does not require physical labor. Young women regard housework as belittling. And although the physical exercise required to perform household labor, if not too severe, is calculated to promote health, yet they seek for an education that will fit them to become teachers or clerks, or they learn some trade that will confine them indoors to sedentary employment....?{CT 291.2}[19]
§51
青年女子不愿以家务为业，的确是有理由的，因为雇用厨女的人往往待她们如同奴仆。这些雇主往往不尊重她们，视她们似乎不配作为家庭的一员，他们没有给予她们与女裁缝、秘书和音乐老师同样的权利。{CT 291.3}[20]
§52
True, there is some excuse for young women not choosing housework for an employment because those who hire kitchen girls generally treat them as servants.?Frequently the employers do not respect them, but treat them as if they were unworthy to be members of the family. They do not give them the privileges they give the seamstress, the copyist, and the teacher of music.?{CT 291.3}[20]
§53
然而没有什么工作比家务更重要的了。熟练的烹调，将合乎卫生的美味食物摆在桌子上，需要知识和经验。一个预备食物给人食用，以致进入人的肠胃，转变为血液而滋养身体的人，乃是处在最重要最高尚的地位上。秘书、裁缝、音乐教师工作的重要性不如厨师。{CT 292.1}[21]
§54
But there can be no employment more important than that of housework. To cook well, to place wholesome food upon the table in an inviting manner, requires intelligence and experience. The one who prepares the food that is to be placed in the stomach, to be converted into blood to nourish the system, occupies a most important and elevated position. The position of copyist, dressmaker, or music teacher cannot equal in importance that of the cook.?{CT 292.1}[21]
§55
【一项改革的工作】
§56
现在想去完成那本应在以往世代完成的工作，实在时间太短促了。但是我们在这末后的日子仍然有大量的工作可做，来纠正青年的教育工作中流行的弊病。……{CT 292.2}[22]
§57
【A Reformatory Work】
§58
Time is too short now to accomplish that which might have been done in past generations; but we can do much, even in these last days, to correct the existing evils in the education of youth....?{CT 292.2}[22]
§59
我们是改革者，我们希望自己的儿女在学习中取得最好的成效。为了达到这个目的，应当使他们参加劳动，使他们的身体得到锻炼。每日进行有组织的劳动应成为青年教育的一部分，即使在这末期也当如此。把劳动与我们学校的工作相结合，可以有许多收获。由于实行了这个计划，学生将获得活泼的精神和思想，在学校期间将在知识上比单单进行学习获得更多的进展。他们将带着没有受损的体格离开学校，有力气和勇气去担任上帝可能要他们担任的任何职务。{CT 292.3}[23]
§60
We are reformers. We desire that our children should study to the best advantage. In order that they may do this, employment should be given them which will call the muscles into exercise. Daily systematic labor should constitute a part of the education of the youth, even at this late period. Much can now be gained by connecting labor with our schools. In following this plan the students will realize elasticity of spirit and vigor of thought, and will be able to accomplish more mental labor in a given time than they could be study alone. And they can leave school with their constitutions unimpaired and?with strength and courage to persevere in any position in which the providence of God may place them.?{CT 292.3}[23]
§61
由于时间短促，我们必须加倍努力，殷勤工作。我们的孩子也许一直不能入大学，但是他们能在这些重要的学科上受到教育。这些学科能使他们成为真正有用的人，能使他们的心智得到造就，使其能力发挥作用。有许多已学完大学课程的青年，并没有获得真正的教育，使自己成为真正有用的人。——《教会证言》第三卷148-159页{CT 293.1}[24]
§62
Because time is short, we should work with diligence and double energy. Our children may never enter college, but they can obtain an education in those essential branches which they can turn to a practical use, and which will give culture to the mind and call its powers into exercise. Very many youth who have gone through a college course have not obtained that true education that they can put to practical use.—Testimonies for the Church 3:148-159.?{CT 293.1}[24]
§63
我号召凡办有学校的教会，应任用那些爱主耶稣基督，以圣经为教育基础的人，担任青少年的教师。他们应当教导青年藉着顺从卫生的定律保持自己身体的健康。教师和学生必藉着实行改革卫生的原则，以克己获得知识和属灵上的利益，他们必像但以理及其同伴一样，一定会获得来自顺从上帝圣言的福分。{CT 293.2}[25]
§64
I appeal to our churches where there are schools, to appoint as teachers of the children and youth those who love the Lord Jesus Christ and who will make the word of God the foundation of education. And they should teach the youth to keep themselves in health by obedience to the laws of right living. Teachers and pupils will derive mental and spiritual help from self-denial, by practicing the principles of health reform. They will surely find, as did Daniel and his companions, that blessings come from conforming the life to God’s word.?{CT 293.2}[25]
§65
“要儆醒祷告”，乃是圣经中经常提到的指示，在顺从这项指示之人的生活中，必要流出喜乐的潮流，造福一切与他们接触的人。性情忧郁暴躁的人将要变得欢乐温雅，骄傲的人将变得温柔谦卑。{CT 293.3}[26]
§66
“Watch and pray,” is an injunction often repeated in the Scriptures. In the lives of those who obey this injunction there will be an undercurrent of happiness that will bless all with whom they are brought in contact. Those who are sour and cross in disposition will become sweet and gentle; those who are proud will become meek and lowly.?{CT 293.3}[26]