第28章 普通课程的价值215-21..
§1
第28章 普通课程的价值215-21..
§2
Value of the Common Branches
§3
教育工作必须从阶梯的最低级向上攀登。普通的课程需要充分而认真地传授。许多人自以为毕业的人在拼字和书写时错误百出。他们既不会正确的阅读，也不能正确地讲话。不少人学习经典文学和其它高等学科虽已达到某种程度，终因没有完全掌握普通学科而失败。他们从未很好地掌握母语知识。他们必须回过头来从阶梯的最低级开始攀登。{CT 215.1}[1]
§4
In education the work of climbing must begin at the lowest round of the ladder. The common branches should be fully and prayerfully taught. Many who feel that they have finished their education are faulty in spelling and in writing, and can neither read nor speak correctly. Not a few who study the classics and other higher branches of learning, and who reach certain standards, finally fail because they have neglected to do thorough work in the common branches. They have never obtained a good knowledge of the English language. They need to go back and begin to climb from the first round of the ladder.?{CT 215.1}[1]
§5
让学生在我们预备性学校中自行选择课程是不行的。在过去曾经发生这种错误。结果那些没有掌握基础学科的学生在尚未准备好时，就企图攀登更高的阶梯了。一些尚不能讲好母语的人却希望学习外语了。{CT 215.2}[2]
§6
It is a mistake to allow students in our preparatory schools to choose their own studies. This mistake has been made in the past, and as a result students who had not mastered the common branches have sought to climb higher than they were prepared to go. Some who could not speak the English language correctly have desired to take up the study of foreign languages.?{CT 215.2}[2]
§7
学生入学时若要求高等课程，先要经过基础课程的考试。我曾与某区会学校教师交谈。他告诉我，一些到他学校里的人曾出示文凭，表明自己在其它学校学过一些高等课程。{CT 215.3}[3]
§8
Students who, on coming to school, ask to be allowed to take the higher studies, should first be examined in the elementary branches. I was talking with a teacher in one of our conference schools, and he told me that some had come to this school with diplomas showing that they had taken some of the higher studies in other schools.?{CT 215.3}[3]
§9
我问他：“这样的学生你都逐个考过吗？他们在那些普通的学科上是否受过适当的教育？”{CT 215.4}[4]
§10
“Did you examine every such student,” I inquired, “to find out whether he had received proper instruction in those branches?”?{CT 215.4}[4]
§11
那位教员说：“在这种情况下，我们不能单凭文凭而充分信任何学生过去的学历。他们即使在普通学科上所受的教育也是很肤浅的。”这种情况相当普遍。{CT 216.1}[5]
§12
“Why,” said the teacher, “in all these cases we could not give the students full credit for the work done in the past, as represented by the diplomas. Their training even in the common branches had been very defective.” And thus it is in many instances.?{CT 216.1}[5]
§13
教师应注意给学生最需要的东西，以代替他们自选的学科。他们必注意考察学生的真正学问，这样他们就能了解学生是否已经达到他们自以为达到的程度。{CT 216.2}[6]
§14
Teachers should be careful to give the students what they most need, instead of allowing them to take what studies they choose. They should test the accuracy and knowledge of the students; then they can tell whether they have reached the heights to which they think they have attained.?{CT 216.2}[6]
§15
语言的学习乃是基本的学科之一。在我们所有的学校中，应当特别注意让学生正确地说话，阅读和写作。发音方面的重要性，无法一一枚举。教师一个最起码的资格乃是口齿清楚，声音洪亮。凡说话流畅的人必能发挥巨大的影响力，远胜过不能正确清楚表达自己思想的人。{CT 216.3}[7]
§16
One of the fundamental branches of learning is language study. In all our schools special care should be taken to teach the students to use the English language correctly in speaking, reading, and writing. Too much cannot be said in regard to the importance of thoroughness in these lines. One of the most essential qualifications of a teacher is the ability to speak and read distinctly and forcibly. He who knows how to use the English language fluently and correctly can exert a far greater influence than one who is unable to express his thought readily and clearly.?{CT 216.3}[7]
§17
在朗读课上应教授发音的技巧，在其它课上教师也要向学生强调说话要发音准确，用词适当地表达思想。要教导学生在呼吸和说话时运用腹部的肌肉，这样能使音调更加圆润清楚。{CT 216.4}[8]
§18
Voice culture should be taught in the reading class; and in other classes the teacher should insist that the students speak distinctly and use words which express their thoughts clearly and forcibly. Students should be taught to use their abdominal muscles in breathing and speaking. This will make the tones more full and clear.?{CT 216.4}[8]
§19
要使学生明白上帝已赐给人人一个奇妙的机器———身体，我们可以用来荣耀祂。身体的各种功能都在为我们服务。只要我们愿意，我们就可管理使用它们。{CT 216.5}[9]
§20
Let the students be made to understand that God has given to everyone a wonderful mechanism—the human?body—which we are to use to glorify Him. The powers of the body are constantly working in our behalf, and if we choose we may bring them under control.?{CT 216.5}[9]
§21
我们即或有知识，但若没有正确发音的习惯，我们的工作就会失败。我们若不能用适当的语言表达自己的意见，所受的教育有什么益处呢？我们若没有培养发言的能力，知识就少有价值。但能够讲说智慧有益的话，并以引人注意的方式表达出来，这实在是一种奇妙的能力。{CT 217.1}[10]
§22
We may have knowledge, but unless the habit is acquired of using the voice correctly, our work will be a failure. Unless we can clothe our ideas in appropriate language, of what avail is our education? Knowledge will be of little value to us unless we cultivate the talent of speech; but it is a wonderful power when combined with the ability to speak wise, helpful words, and to speak them in a way that will command attention.?{CT 217.1}[10]
§23
每一个人都不要为必须攻读普通学科而心理烦恼。要使学生们懂得将来自己也要成为教育者，所以必须积极认真追求进步。{CT 217.2}[11]
§24
Let all guard against becoming annoyed in spirit because they have to be drilled in these common branches. It should be impressed upon students that they will themselves be educators of others, and for this reason they should strive earnestly to improve.?{CT 217.2}[11]
§25
学习有说服力、有感化力的说话，对于那些立志成为上帝事业之工人的人具有特别的价值。我们如能更好地表达真理的话语，就能使这些话对听的人发生更大的效果。正确地表达上帝的真理，需要我们尽心竭力。{CT 217.3}[12]
§26
To learn to tell convincingly and impressively that which one knows is of especial value to those who desire to be workers in the cause of God. The more expression we can put into the words of truth, the more effective these words will be on those who hear. A proper presentation of the Lord’s truth is worthy of our highest effort.?{CT 217.3}[12]
§27
预备从事上帝圣工的学生若不受训练而清楚明确地说话，他们向善的影响就会减少了一半。学生将来不论蒙召做什么工作，都必须学会控制自己的声音。清楚地说话，流利地发音，这种能力在任何工作中都有无可估量的价值，它对于那些希望成为传道人，福音使者，圣经工作者、书报员的人是必不可少的。{CT 217.4}[13]
§28
Unless students who are preparing for work in the cause of God are trained to speak in a clear, straightforward manner, they will be shorn of half their influence for good. Whatever his calling is to be, the student should learn to control the voice. The ability to speak plainly and distinctly, in full, round tones, is invaluable in any line of work, and it is indispensable to those who desire to become ministers, evangelists, Bible workers, or canvassers.?{CT 217.4}[13]
§29
我们的学校若把声音的训练，阅读、写作、和拼写置于正确的地位，就会发生巨大的变化。过去这方面由于教师没有认识到其价值而受到到了怱视。但这些比拉丁文和希腊文更加重要。我并不是说学习拉丁文和希腊文不对，我是说怱视基础功课去掌握更高学科是不对的。{CT 218.1}[14]
§30
When voice culture, reading, writing, and spelling take their rightful place in our schools, there will be seen a great change for the better. These subjects have been neglected because teachers have not recognized their value. But they are more important than Latin and Greek. I do not say that it is wrong to study Latin and Greek, but I do say that it is wrong to neglect the subjects that lie at the foundation of education in order to tax the mind with the study of these higher branches.?{CT 218.1}[14]
§31
学生所受的教育，要使他们今后在理财方面获得成功，这一点很重要的。我们不应满足于在许多学校里所传授的片面知识。普通课程必须受到充分的重视，同时必须把记账知识和语言知识看得同样样重要。一切希望从事主工的人必须学习如何记账。在世界上有许多人经商失败，被人看成不诚实，其实他们是老实人，却没能取得成功，因为不知如何记账。{CT 218.2}[15]
§32
It is a matter of great importance that students obtain an education that will fit them for successful business life. We must not be satisfied with the one-sided education given in many schools. The common branches must be thoroughly mastered, and a knowledge of bookkeeping should be considered as important as a knowledge of grammar. All who expect to engage in the work of the Lord should learn how to keep accounts. In the world there are many who have made a failure of business and are looked upon as dishonest, who are true at heart, but who have failed to succeed because they did not know how to keep accounts.?{CT 218.2}[15]
§33
正确地拼字，清晰漂亮地书写，记账，都是必修之课。记账课已从许多地方的学校工作中取消。但我们必须视它为一门重要的基本学科。在这些学科上充分准备，必使学生能胜任负责重大的职位。{CT 218.3}[16]
§34
To spell correctly, to write a clear, fair hand, and to keep accounts, are necessary accomplishments. Bookkeeping has strangely dropped out of school work in many places but this should be regarded as a study of primary importance. A thorough preparation in these studies will fit students to stand in positions of trust.?{CT 218.3}[16]
§35
我要对每一个学生说，不要满足于一个低标准。你既已入学，在你面前就当然有一个崇高圣洁的目标。你入学是因为希望使自己适于在主葡萄园中的某块园地中服务。你要尽一切努力达到这个目标。你为自己所能作的事比任何人能为你做的更多。你若在自己身上尽到了一切努力，就能从校长和教师身上取下何等的担子！{CT 218.4}[17]
§36
To every student I would say, Never rest satisfied with a low standard. In attending school, be sure that you?have in view a noble, holy object. Go because you desire to fit yourselves for service in some part of the Lord’s vineyard. Do all that you can to attain this object. You can do more for yourselves than anyone can do for you. And if you do all that you can for yourselves, what a burden you will lift from the principal and the teachers!?{CT 218.4}[17]
§37
在试图学习文学知识的更高学科之前，你应确已彻底明白语法的基本规则，并已学会正确地拼写和读。在达到较高的梯级之前必须攀登较低的梯级。{CT 219.1}[18]
§38
Before attempting to study the higher branches of literary knowledge, be sure that you thoroughly understand the simple rules of English grammar and have learned to read and write and spell correctly. Climb the lower rounds of the ladder before reaching for the higher rounds.?{CT 219.1}[18]
§39
不要花时间学那些在今后对你人生很少用处的知识。在学习古典知识之前，先学会正确地说母语，学习如何记账，接受那些随时随地都有助于你的知识。{CT 219.2}[19]
§40
Do not spend time in learning that which will be of little use to you in your afterlife. Instead of reaching out for a knowledge of the classics, learn first to speak the English language correctly. Learn how to keep accounts. Gain a knowledge of those lines of study that will help you to be useful wherever you are.?{CT 219.2}[19]
§41
主指示我们：学生和教师不要花多年时间在学校学习的警告不适用于男女儿童。他们应当有规定的时间充分操练和学习普通学科以及圣经，直到他们到了判断能力更成熟可靠的年龄。{CT 219.3}[20]
§42
The instruction which the Lord has sent us, warning students and teachers against spending years of study in school, does not apply to young boys and girls. These need to go through the proper period of thorough discipline and study of the common branches and the Bible until they have reached an age of more mature and reliable judgment.?{CT 219.3}[20]