第09章 教师和教导64-72
§1
第09章 教师和教导64-72
§2
Teachers and Teaching
§3
真教育，并不只是学习某门课程，它的范围是很广泛的。它包括身体、心智各方面才能的均衡发展。它教导人敬爱上帝，并为忠心履行人生的本分作好准备。{CT 64.1}[1]
§4
True education means more than taking a certain course of study. It is broad. It includes the harmonious development of all the physical powers and the mental faculties. It teaches the love and fear of God, and is a preparation for the faithful discharge of life’s duties.?{CT 64.1}[1]
§5
有一种教育，在本质上是世俗化的。它的目的是世俗方面的成功，满足自私的奢望。为了接受这种教育，许多学生枉费了光阴和钱财，心里装满了许多无关重要的知识。世人把他们看作是有学问的，但他们的思想中，没有上帝。他们从属世的知识树上取食，其上的果子，只能产生并助长人的骄傲。他们逐渐悖逆并远离上帝。他们把上帝所赐的才能，用在仇敌的方面。现代的许多教育都是具有这种性质。世人或许以为它是值得追求的，但它只能增加学生的危险。{CT 64.2}[2]
§6
There is an education which is essentially worldly. Its aim is success in the world, the gratification of selfish ambition. To secure this education many students spend time and money in crowding their minds with unnecessary knowledge. The world accounts them learned; but God is not in their thoughts. They eat of the tree of worldly knowledge, which nourishes and strengthens pride. In their hearts they become disobedient and estranged from God; and their entrusted gifts are placed on the enemy’s side. Much of the education at the present time is of this character. The world may regard it as highly desirable; but it increases the peril of the student.?{CT 64.2}[2]
§7
另有一种教育与此大不相同。世界有史以来，最伟大的教师为它指出了基本的原理，就是：“你们要先求祂的国和祂的义”（太6:33）。它的目的不是自私的。它的宗旨是尊荣上帝，在世上事奉祂。功课的学习和实业的训练，都不偏离这个目标。这种教育研究上帝的话，与上帝保持活泼的联系，并操练更美的情感和品格的特性。这种教育必产生永久的成果。“敬畏耶和华，是智慧的开端”（箴9:10）。认识祂的话，比一切知识更好。{CT 64.3}[3]
§8
There is another kind of education that is very different. Its fundamental principle, as stated by the greatest Teacher the world has ever known, is, “Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and His righteousness.”?Matthew 6:33. Its aim is not selfish; its purpose is to honor God and to serve Him in the world. Both the studies pursued and the industrial training sought have this object in view. The word of God is studied; a vital connection with God is maintained, and the better feelings and traits of character?are brought into exercise. This kind of education produces results as lasting as eternity. “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom” (Proverbs 9:10), and better than all knowledge is an understanding of His word.?{CT 64.3}[3]
§9
我们的学校，应提供哪一种教育？是遵循世界的智慧，还是遵循上头来的智慧？……教师的工作，应不限于传授书本知识。他们引导和教育青年的工作，是很重要的。因为他们的责任，是塑造心灵和品格。凡担负这项工作的人，应具有端庄均衡的品格。他们应举止优雅，服装整洁，处处谨慎。应当有真基督化的礼貌，博得人的信任和尊敬。教师希望学生怎样，他们自己就先当怎样。{CT 65.1}[4]
§10
What shall be the character of the education given in our schools? Shall it be according to the wisdom of this world, or according to the wisdom which is from above? ... Teachers are to do more for their students than to impart a knowledge of books. Their position as guide and instructor of the youth is most responsible, for to them is given the work of molding mind and character. Those who undertake this work should possess well-balanced, symmetrical characters. They should be refined in manner, neat in dress, careful in all their habits; and they should have that true Christian courtesy that wins confidence and respect. The teacher should be himself what he wishes his students to become.?{CT 65.1}[4]
§11
教师应看顾他的学生，如同牧人看顾所交付他的羊群一样；应当关心学生，如同要交帐的人。{CT 65.2}[5]
§12
Teachers are to watch over their students as the shepherd watches over the flock entrusted to his charge. They should care for souls as they that must give an account.?{CT 65.2}[5]
§13
教师可以懂得许多物质世界的事。他可以明白动物的构造，自然科学的发现，机械技术的发明，但他若没有从内心认识上帝和基督，就不配作教师，担任教导青年的工作。他们自己若还没有成为基督学校的学生，在神圣的教师门下受教，就不能作一个真正的教育者。{CT 65.3}[6]
§14
The teacher may understand many things in regard to the physical universe; he may know about the structure of animal life, the discoveries of natural science, the inventions of mechanical art; but he cannot be called educated, he is not fitted for his work as an instructor of the youth, unless he has in his own soul a knowledge of God and of Christ. He cannot be a true educator until he is himself a learner in the school of Christ, receiving an education from the divine Instructor.?{CT 65.3}[6]
§15
【我们的依靠——上帝】
§16
上帝是一切智慧的泉源。祂的智慧、公义和良善，都是无限的。离开基督，世界上最聪明的人，也不能认识上帝。他们可能自以为有智慧，凭着自己的学识夸口。但这种纯属心智方面的知识，若与以基督为中心的真理相比较，就显得微不足道了。“智慧人不要因他的智慧夸口，夸口的却因他有聪明认识我是耶和华，又知道我喜悦在世上施行慈爱公平和公义，以此夸口”（耶9:23,24）。{CT 66.1}[7]
§17
【God Our Dependence】
§18
God is the source of all wisdom. He is infinitely wise and just and good. Apart from Christ, the wisest men that ever lived cannot comprehend Him. They may profess to be wise; they may glory in their attainments; but mere intellectual knowledge, aside from the great truths that center in Christ, is as nothingness. “Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom: ... but let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth Me, that I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth.”?Jeremiah 9:23, 24.?{CT 66.1}[7]
§19
如果人能片时看见将来的景象，瞥见永在的主，他就必不再以自己夸口了。生活在这地球狭小范围中的人是有限的。上帝有无数顺从祂律法、彰显祂荣耀的星球，即使人尽他有限的智力进行科学研究，仍有无穷的范围他们无法理解。{CT 66.2}[8]
§20
If men could see for a moment beyond the range of finite vision, if they could catch a glimpse of the Eternal, every mouth would be stopped in its boasting. Men living in this little atom of a world are finite; God has unnumbered worlds that are obedient to His laws and are conducted with reference to His glory. When men have gone as far in scientific research as their limited powers will permit, there is still an infinity beyond what they can apprehend.?{CT 66.2}[8]
§21
人在获得真智慧之先，必须认识自己需要倚靠上帝，并为祂的智慧所充满。上帝是智力和灵力的泉源。那些世人所认为在科学上已经登峰造极的伟人，根本不能同蒙爱的约翰或使徒保罗相比。只有当智力和灵力相结合时，人才能达到最高的标准。凡这样做的人，上帝必接纳他为训练人的同工。{CT 66.3}[9]
§22
Before men can be truly wise, they must realize their dependence upon God, and be filled with His wisdom. God is the source of intellectual as well as spiritual power. The greatest men who have reached what the world regards as wonderful heights in science are not to be compared with the beloved John or the apostle Paul. It is when intellectual and spiritual power are combined that the highest standard of manhood is attained. Those who do this, God will accept as workers together with Him in the training of minds.?{CT 66.3}[9]
§23
认识自己是不容易的。凡正确估计自己的教师，必让上帝塑造并培养他的心智，认识他力量的来源。……认识自我，必使他谦卑地信靠上帝。但这并不代替求进步的努力。凡认识到自己缺乏的人，必努力达到身体、心智和道德方面的最高标准。人若满足较低的标准，就不能参与教育青年。{CT 67.1}[10]
§24
To know oneself is a great knowledge. The teacher who rightly estimates himself will let God mold and discipline his mind. And he will acknowledge the source of his power. ... Self-knowledge leads to humility and to trust in God, but it does not take the place of efforts for self-improvement. He who realizes his own deficiencies will spare no pains to reach the highest possible standard of physical, mental, and moral excellence. No one should have a part in the training of youth who is satisfied with a lower standard.?{CT 67.1}[10]
§25
【有效的助手】
§26
真教师必设法借着教训和榜样，吸引人心归向基督。他必因爱真理而接受真理，并让真理洁净他的心，塑造他的生活。每一位教师，必须处于圣灵完全的管理之下，这样，基督就能向他的心灵说话。祂的声音是爱的声音。上帝的爱，若被人接受到心中，就能成为向善的能力，振奋并扩大人的心灵。教师的心，既为上帝的爱所鼓舞，就必高举髑髅地的人子，不是使学生偶尔看见，而是使他们不断瞻仰祂，直到认识祂为“超乎万人之上”、“全然可爱”（歌5:10,16）。{CT 67.2}[11]
§27
【An Effective Helper】
§28
The true teacher will try by precept and example to win souls to Christ. He must receive the truth in the love of it and let it cleanse his heart and mold his life. Every teacher should be under the full control of the Holy Spirit. Then Christ can speak to the heart, and His voice is the voice of love. And the love of God, received into the heart, is an active power for good, quickening and enlarging the mind and soul. With his own heart warm with divine love, the teacher will lift up the Man of Calvary, not to give the students a casual glimpse, but to fasten their attention until Jesus shall seem to them the “chiefest among ten thousand,” and the One “altogether lovely.”?Song of Solomon 5:10, 16.?{CT 67.2}[11]
§29
圣灵是在人的心上恢复上帝形像的有效助手。但祂的影响和能力，却没有引起我们学校的重视。昔日祂曾进入先知的学校，使人的思想与上帝的旨意和谐一致。这些学校与上天有活泼的联络。这些忠心的人，与天使同唱赞美的诗歌，表达了他们的喜乐和感恩。{CT 67.3}[12]
§30
The Holy Spirit is an effective helper in restoring the image of God in the human soul, but Its efficiency and power have not been appreciated in our schools. It came into the schools of the prophets, bringing even the thoughts into harmony with the will of God. There was a living connection between heaven and these schools;?and the joy and thanksgiving of loving hearts found expression in songs of praise in which angels joined.?{CT 67.3}[12]
§31
圣灵来到世上，作基督的代表，祂不仅讲说真理，而且祂本身就是真理，是诚信真实的见证者，是监察人心的，熟知众人的品格。{CT 68.1}[13]
§32
The Holy Spirit comes to the world as Christ’s representative. It not only speaks the truth, but It is the truth—the faithful and true Witness. It is the great Searcher of hearts and is acquainted with the characters of all.?{CT 68.1}[13]
§33
圣灵常来到我们的学校，只是不为人们所认识，却被人们当作陌生人，甚至当作是不速之客。每一个教师，应当认识并欢迎这天来的宾客。教师若敞开心门接受圣灵，他们就能作好准备，在教育学生的工作中与祂合作。圣灵若得以自由工作，就必进行一番奇妙的改革。祂必运行在每一个人的心中，纠正自私，塑造并提炼品格，使人的思想顺服基督。{CT 68.2}[14]
§34
The Holy Spirit has often come to our schools and has not been recognized, but has been treated as a stranger, perhaps even as an intruder. Every teacher should know and welcome this heavenly Guest. If the teachers will open their own hearts to receive the Spirit, they will be prepared to co-operate with It in working for their students. And when It is given free course, It will effect wonderful transformations. It will work in each heart, correcting selfishness, molding and refining the character, and bringing even the thoughts into captivity to Christ.?{CT 68.2}[14]
§35
教师的伟大目的，应是在自己和学生身上，造就基督徒的完美品格，教师们！你们的灯应当剔净点燃，不仅照亮你们的学生，而且以清明的光辉，照耀学生的家庭和邻居，并深深照进世界属灵黑暗之中。（《教育特别证言》原文47-52面1896年5月15日）{CT 68.3}[15]
§36
The great aim of the teacher should be the perfecting of Christian character in himself and in his students. Teachers, let your lamps be trimmed and burning, and they will not only be lights to your students, but will send out clear and distinct rays to the homes and neighborhoods where your students live, and far beyond into the moral darkness of the world.—Special Testimonies On Education, 47-52; written May 15, 1896.?{CT 68.3}[15]
§37
我们的弟兄们，常提出传道人和父母的要求，就是我们教会有许多青年，非常需要我们学校的教育，但若不降低学费，他们就不能入学。{CT 68.4}[16]
§38
Our brethren say the plea comes from ministers and parents that there are scores of young people in our ranks who need the advantages of our training schools, but they cannot attend unless tuitions are lower.?{CT 68.4}[16]
§39
那些要求降低学费的人，应当从各方面慎重考虑问题。学生自己既没有足够的钱，来支付受教育时为他们进行良善忠心之工作的实际费用，他们的父母朋友，所属的教会或他们慷慨仁慈的同道弟兄，若能资助他们，岂不比让学校负担债务更好？由学校许多的赞助者分担费用：要比让学校单独负担好得多。{CT 69.1}[17]
§40
Those who plead for low tuition should carefully weigh matters on all sides. If students cannot of themselves command sufficient means to pay the actual expense of good and faithful work in their education, is it not better that their parents, their friends, or the churches to which they belong, or largehearted, benevolent brethren in their conference, should assist them, than that a burden of debt should be brought upon the school? It would be far better to let the many patrons of the institution share the expense, than for the school to run in debt.?{CT 69.1}[17]
§41
各地教会，应当感觉到自己身上有一个严肃的责任，就是要教育青年，培养人才从事传道工作。当他们看见教会中那些立志作有用工人的人不能上学时，他们应负责把他们送进我们的学校。教会中有一些很有才能的人，应参加工作。许多人希望在主的葡萄园中作工，但他们十分贫穷，没有人帮助他们获得所需要的教育。教会应感觉自己有义务，分担他们的费用。{CT 69.2}[18]
§42
The churches in different localities should feel that a solemn responsibility rests upon them to train youth and educate talent to engage in missionary work. When they see those in the church who give promise of making useful workers, but who are not able to support themselves in the school, they should assume the responsibility of sending them to one of our training schools. There is excellent ability in the churches that needs to be brought into service. There are persons who would do good service in the Lord’s vineyard, but many are too poor to obtain without assistance the education that they require. The churches should feel it a privilege to take a part in defraying the expenses of such.?{CT 69.2}[18]
§43
凡心中有真理的人，要慷慨帮助有需要的人。他们带了头，别人就会效法他们的榜样。若有人应当入学，却没有足够的钱缴纳学费，教会就应慷慨地帮助他们。{CT 69.3}[19]
§44
Those who have the truth in their hearts are always openhearted, helping where it is necessary. They lead out, and others imitate their example. If there are some who should have the benefit of the school, but who cannot pay full price for their tuition, let the churches show their liberality by helping them.?{CT 69.3}[19]
§45
此外，在每一个区会中，都应筹备一笔基金，借给愿意献身传道工作的贫穷的优秀学生；有时甚至要赠款给他们。当伯特克勒大学开办的时候，《评论与通讯》曾筹集一笔基金，帮助希望受教育却没有钱的人。一些学生使用这笔钱，直到能自力更生。后来他们偿还借款，使别人也能享受这笔基金。{CT 69.4}[20]
§46
Besides this, in each conference a fund should be raised?to lend to worthy poor students who desire to give themselves to the missionary work; in some cases such students should even receive donations. When the Battle Creek College was first opened, there was a fund placed in the Review and Herald office for the benefit of those who wished to obtain an education, but had not the means. This was used by several students until they could get a good start; then from their earnings they would replace what they had drawn, so that others might be benefited by the fund.?{CT 69.4}[20]
§47
应当准备筹集这样的基金，来帮助立志参加传道工作的贫穷的优秀学生。青年人也当力求自力更生，来负担自己一部分的费用。来得容易，少受欣赏，若付代价，必然重视。{CT 70.1}[21]
§48
Some provision should now be made for the maintenance of such a fund to lend to poor but worthy students who desire to prepare themselves for missionary work. The youth should have it plainly set before them that they must work their own way as far as possible, and thus partly defray their expenses. That which costs little will be appreciated little, but that which costs a price somewhere near its real value will be estimated accordingly.?{CT 70.1}[21]
§49
一个教师的才能或者有限，没有达到他所希望的高深造诣，但他若真正洞察到人类的本性，认识自己工作的庄严，真诚地爱这工作，愿意热忱、谦卑坚持不懈地工作，就能明白学生的需要，并以同情的精神赢得学生的心，引导他们向上向前。他的努力会使学校成为活泼生动的向善力量，充满真正进步的气氛。{CT 70.2}[22]
§50
A teacher’s advantages may have been limited, so that he does not possess as high literary qualifications as he might desire; yet if he has true insight into human nature, if he has an appreciation of the magnitude of his work, and a genuine love for it; if he has a willingness to labor earnestly and humbly and perseveringly, he will comprehend the needs of his pupils, and by his sympathetic spirit will win their hearts and leads them onward and upward. His efforts will be so well directed that the school will become a living, growing power for good, full of the spirit of real advancement.?{CT 70.2}[22]