基本教育
§1
The Essential Education
§2
1896年12月20日写于新南威尔士州，库兰邦，“森尼赛德”
§3
“Sunnyside,” Cooranbong, N. S. W.,Dec. 20, 1896.
§4
在夜间的异象中，关于这个地区的工作和不久就要开办之学校的一些事展开在我面前。所赐给我的亮光是，我们务必不可依照过去所开办任何学校的样式建校。我们必须精密地研究上帝的道，将之作为伟大的教科书，以便知道接受和遵行上帝的道的学校可以成为怎样的学校。我们若不谨慎，就必经历属灵教育的阻碍，那些阻碍已经因错误地应用和错误地估算极其重要的工作而耽误了我们在美国的学校工作。{SpM 48.2}
§5
In the night season some things were opened before me in reference to the work and the school that will soon be opened in this locality. The light given me was that we must not pattern after the similitude of any school that has been established in the past. We must study the Word of God critically as the great lesson book, in order to know what the school may become under the receiving and doing of the Word of God. Unless we are guarded, we shall experience those hindrances to the?spiritual education that have retarded the work of our schools in America, by misapplication and miscalculation of the work most essential.?{SpM 48.2}
§6
基督在我们的世界工作时，只有很少的人跟从祂，而且那些蒙祂称为门徒的人，竟因文士和法利赛人的格言与习惯而裹足不前，在满足他们的大需要和变得有效用方面没有取得应有的进步。各种习惯藉着拉比们代代相传，成了第一要紧的，甚至比十诫更有势力。这样，人的律例就被教导和论述得比“耶和华如此说”更有价值。{SpM 49.1}
§7
When Christ was working in our world, He had but few followers, and those whom He called His disciples were, by the maxims and customs of the scribes and Pharisees, constantly kept back from the advancement they might have made in supplying their great want and becoming efficient in usefulness. Through the rabbis, customs had come down from generation to generation and these were made all-essential, even of more force than the ten commandments. Thus the precepts of men were taught and dwelt upon as of more value than a “Thus saith the Lord.”?{SpM 49.1}
§8
我蒙警告不应重蹈巴特尔克里克许多教师的覆辙，重演他们的经验。在欺人的外衣下，引进了娱乐活动。撒但假扮光明的天使接近了，并且极其活跃地作了工。他若能得到工作大中心的学校教师们的认可，每一所学校的建立就会依此而行。介绍到巴特尔克里克并得到认可的邪恶的酵会将所引入的属性传播给凡与它有关系的人。{SpM 49.2}
§9
I have been warned not to travel over the ground that many of the Battle Creek teachers have gone over in their experience. The amusement question was brought in there under a deceptive garb. Satan approached as an angel of light, and he worked most actively. If he could obtain the sanction of the teachers in the school at the great heart of the work, every school established would follow in its tread. The leaven of evil, introduced and sanctioned by Battle Creek, would spread the properties introduced to all with whom it had any connection.?{SpM 49.2}
§10
关于安息日复临信徒中间学校的管理，主认为必须秉公义在许多事上发出责备、纠正和指示。所赐的一切亮光都必须得到小心听从。在我们的学校作教师的男男女女谁也不该在顺从上帝的道上没有经验。主在赐给我们学校的指示中所说的话要受到确实的重视，因为在某些方面，在我们的学校中如果没有一种与巴特尔克里克既定的教育性质完全不同的教育，我们就不必花钱购买地皮并建立校舍了。{SpM 49.3}
§11
The Lord has thought it essential to give reproof, correction, and instruction in righteousness on many things in regard to the management of schools among Seventh-day Adventists. All the light that has been given must be carefully heeded. No man or woman should be connected with our schools as educators, who have not had an experience in obeying the Word of God. That which the Lord has spoken in the instruction given to our schools is to be strictly regarded: for if there is not, in some respects, an education of altogether a different character in our schools than has been given in Battle Creek, then we need not get to the expense of purchasing land, and erecting school buildings.?{SpM 49.3}
§12
在每一所学校中，撒但都设法使他自己成为教导学生的教师们的导师。“自私的娱乐是必要的”这种想法正是他提出来的。学生们被送到学校是为了接受教育好成为传道人和到外国去的传教士，他们竟然接受了“要保持身体健康，娱乐活动是必不可少的”这种想法，其实主已向他们显明，更好的方法是将体力劳动包含在他们的教育中，取代娱乐活动。这些娱乐活动若是予以实行，不久就会发展为一种情欲，使人讨厌有益的、健康的身心锻炼。这种锻炼使学生对自己对别人都有益处。{SpM 49.4}
§13
In every school Satan has tried to make himself the guide of the teachers who instruct the students. It is he who has introduced the idea that selfish amusements are a necessity. Students sent to school for the purpose of receiving an education to become evangelists, ministers and missionaries to foreign countries, have received the idea that amusements are essential to keep them in physical health, while the Lord has presented before them that the better way is to embrace in their education manual labor in the place of amusements. This amusement question, if practiced, will soon become a passion that gives disrelish to useful, healthful exercise of mind and body, which makes students useful to themselves and others.?{SpM 49.4}
§14
在伐树、耕田、盖房方面的教育，与文化方面的教育一样，是我们的每一个青少年都应该寻求获得的。此外，我们的学校应该尽快有一台印刷机，以便在这方面施教。也应掌握织帐棚的技术。应该盖起房子来，应该学会石工技术。还有许多事情是女学生可以做的，如烹饪、缝纫和园艺。应该种植草莓，培养花木。应该叫女学生到户外做这些事。这样她们可以受教从事有益的劳作。还有装订的技术以及多种行业技术都应予以培训。这些手艺不仅会锻炼人的头脑、骨骼和肌肉，还会使人获得知识。我们这个时代世上最大的祸根就是闲懒。它导致娱乐活动，仅仅为取悦和满足自我。学生们过多地以这种方式消磨他们的时光。如今他们要受一种不同的教育，好使他们能预备好，带着全面的教育走出校门。{SpM 49.5}
§15
This education, in felling trees, tilling soil, erecting buildings, as well as in literature, is the education our youth should each seek to obtain. Further on, a printing-press should be connected with our school, in order to educate in this line. Tent-making also should be taken hold of. Buildings should be erected, and masonry should be learned. There are also many things in which the lady students may be engaged. There is cooking, dressmaking, and gardening to be done. Strawberries should be planted, plants and flowers cultivated. This the lady students may be called out of doors to do. Thus they may be educated to useful labor. Bookbinding also, and a variety of trades should be taken up.?These will not only be putting into exercise brain, bone, and muscle but will also be gaining knowledge. The greatest curse of our world in this our day is idleness. It leads to amusements merely to please and gratify self. The students have had a superabundance of this way of passing their time; they are now to have a different education, that they may be prepared to go forth from the school with an all-around education.?{SpM 49.5}
§16
正确地烹饪食物是一种最必不可少的造诣，尤其在肉类不是主食的地方。必须预备一些东西取代肉食，而且这些食物必须做得很好吃，以致人不想吃肉。关于实际生活各要点方面的培训必使我们的青少年离开学校到外国去之后成为有用之材。那时他们就不会依靠所去国家的人为他们做饭、缝衣、盖居所。他们若是显出他们能教育无知的人如何以最佳的方法作工并产生最佳的结果，就必有更多的影响力。在难以挣到钱的地方，这尤其会受到赏识。他们会显明传道士能成为教育家，教导他们如何作工。维持这样的传道士需要的资金要少得多，因为他们已最佳地使用了自己的体力，将有益的实际劳动与自己的学业相结合。他们无论何往，在这方面所得的造诣必使他们有立身之地。上帝所赐的亮光若是得到珍爱，学生们离校时就不会负债。{SpM 50.1}
§17
The proper cooking of food is a most essential acquirement, especially where meat is not made the staple article of diet. Something must be prepared to take the place of meat, and these foods must be well prepared, so that meat will not be desired. Culture on all points of practical life will make our youth useful after they shall leave school to go to foreign countries. They will not then have to depend upon the people to whom they go to cook and sew for them, or build their habitations. They will be much more influential if they show that they can educate the ignorant how to labor with the best methods, and to produce the best results. This will be appreciated where means are difficult to obtain. They will reveal that missionaries can become educators in teaching them how to labor. A much smaller fund will be required to sustain such missionaries, because they have put to the very best use their physical powers in useful, practical labor combined with their studies. And wherever they may go, all that they have gained in this line will give them standing room. If the light God has given were cherished, students would leave schools free from the burden of debt.?{SpM 50.1}
§18
同样必要的是，要明白医疗布道工作的基本原理。学生们无论何往，都要受教知道治疗病人的方法技巧，因为这会使他们在任何地方都成为受欢迎的人，因为在世界各地都有人在受各样的痛苦。{SpM 50.2}
§19
It is also essential to understand the philosophy of medical missionary work. Wherever the students shall go, they need an education in the science of how to treat the sick; for this will give them a welcome in any place, because there is suffering of every kind in every part of the world.?{SpM 50.2}
§20
我们的学校中所实施的教育是片面的。学生们受的教育应该使他们适合成功的业务生活。普通的教育学科应该予以充分而彻底的教导。应该将记账视为与文法一样重要。这方面的学习是极其重要的，因为要用在实际的生活中，然而从我们学校毕业的人却很少懂得如何正确地记账。今日在账目方面有那么多错误的原因，并不是因管账的人不诚实，而是因为他们在记账方面没有全面的知识。他们没有逐日迅速忠实地评估自己的开支情况。这些错误使他们置身于不诚实之人的行列中，其实他们并非故意不诚实的。许多青少年因为不知道怎么记账，犯下了给他们带来大麻烦的错误。那些在上帝的事工中有活泼影响的人，不要以为自己不必知道如何记账。{SpM 50.3}
§21
The education given in our schools is one-sided. Students should be given an education that will fit them for successful business life. The common branches of education should be fully and thoroughly taught. Bookkeeping should be looked upon as of equal importance with grammar. This line of study is one of the most important for use in practical life; but few leave our schools with a knowledge of how to keep books correctly. The reason that today so many mistakes are made in accounts is not because those in charge of them are dishonest, but because they do not have a thorough knowledge of bookkeeping. They are not prompt in making a faithful, daily estimate of their outgo. These mistakes have placed them in the ranks of dishonest men, when designedly, they are not dishonest. Many a youth, because ignorant of how to keep accounts, has made mistakes which have caused him serious trouble. Those who have a living interest in the cause and work of God should not allow themselves to settle down with the idea that they are not required to know how to keep books.?{SpM 50.3}
§22
教育，真教育，意味非常。花时间在学校里学习如何用叉子吃而不用刀子吃，并不是最重要的。这些有关形式和仪式的小事不应占用光阴和力量。那些起先有些粗鲁笨拙的学生很快就会克服这一点。教师们自己若是有礼貌、仁慈而体贴的，他们若是心灵忠实的，他们做自己的工作若是如同在天上整个宇宙的眼前一样，他们若是有基督的心并且受圣灵影响和塑造，他们的行为举止就不会有假笑、做作的样子，而是有如尊贵的淑女和君子。学生们面前若有教师们得体的榜样，就会逐日受教有适当的仪表。{SpM 50.4}
§23
Education, true education, means much. The time devoted in school to learning how to eat with your fork in place of your knife is not the most essential. These little matters of form and ceremony should not occupy time and strength. Those students who are at first coarse and awkward will soon overcome this. If the teachers are themselves courteous and kind and attentive, if they are true in heart and soul, if?they do their work as in the sight of the whole universe of heaven, if they have the mind of Christ and are molded and fashioned by the Holy Spirit, they will behave not in a simpering, affected manner, but as ladies and gentlemen. And if students have before them the teachers’ example of propriety, they will day by day be educated in proper manners.?{SpM 50.4}
§24
在这个偏远的地方建立我们的学校，似乎令有些人感到惊讶。要付出一些艰苦的努力才能开创这项工作。工作若有很好的开端，就要花费时间和金钱。然而开头对了就成功了一半。第一步是有代价的，但是既把握住已经取得的成就，我们就在正确的方向上不断前进。并非人人都聪明到能看清这一点。{SpM 51.1}
§25
To establish our school in this out-of-the-way place seemed to surprise some. It has required some hard work to make a beginning. If the work is well begun, it will cost time and money. But a thing begun right is half done. It is the first steps that cost. But in holding what is already gained, we make a continual advance in the right direction. All are not wise to see this.?{SpM 51.1}
§26
靠着主的赐福，这项工作开始了，而今需要每一个人的帮助。学生们必须受教如何开始。教师们必须是有经验的男男女女，能耐心地施教，愿意在学生前进的每一步都把他们带入正路。要教导圣经的礼貌；要教导思想的纯正和最严格的正直。这是能给人的最有价值的教导。要用你们的榜样把楷模耶稣始终摆在学生面前。这会起到显著的作用，在你所照管的那些学生身上恢复上帝的道德形像。教师们，你们没有工夫，没有责任去教导学习们这败坏时代的种种形式和礼仪，如今各样的事物都被败坏到外表的样子和炫耀了。这在我们的学校中务必不可有立足之地。不可把引进这种改革当作必要的。{SpM 51.2}
§27
By the blessing of the Lord the work has been started, and now the help of every one is needed. The students must be taught how to begin. The educators must be men and women who have had experience, and who will lead the students in the right way at every step they advance. Teach Bible manners; teach purity of thought the strictest integrity. This is the most valuable instruction that can be given. Keep Jesus, the Pattern, ever before your students by your example. This will act a prominent part in restoring the moral image of God in those under your charge. Teachers, you have no time, no duty to teach students the forms and ceremonies of this age of corruption, when everything is perverted to outward appearance and display. This must never find a place in our school. This reform is not to be brought in as essential.?{SpM 51.2}
§28
一切宗教活动都要以最严肃尊敬的态度对待。所施的教导应当属于更高的等级，比一般学校的教学具有更神圣更虔诚的性质。人性是值得为之操劳的，要使人性得到提高和精炼。有一项工作惟有上帝能为有缺陷的人完成。他们必须配有上帝所看为极宝贵的内在的装饰。然而教师们可以与上帝合作。上帝的恩典在耶稣基督里显明了救恩和不朽，靠着这恩典，教师们可以与上帝合作，使祂的产业受教育，不是在谨小慎微的礼节方面，而是在救恩和敬虔的科学方面，而这会预备好上帝的儿女最终以得变化升天，成为不朽，并在天上更彻底地发扬在今生此世开始的教育。我们要作学生，直到永远。{SpM 51.3}
§29
All religious exercises are to be treated with the greatest solemnity and reverence. The teaching given should be of a high class, of a more sacred and religious character, than has been given in schools generally. Human nature is worth working for, and it is to be elevated and refined. There is a work which God alone can do for those who are deficient. They must be fitted with the inward adorning which is in the sight of God of great price. But the teachers can cooperate with God. Through the grace of God in Jesus Christ, which bringeth salvation and immortality to light, teachers may cooperate with God, and His heritage may be educated, not in the minuteness of etiquette, but in the science of salvation and godliness; this will prepare the sons and daughters of God to be finally transformed by the finishing touch of immortality, and in heaven they will carry forward more thoroughly the education begun in the schools here below. We shall be learners through all eternity.?{SpM 51.3}
§30
每一个学生都应当立志藉着上帝所看为极宝贵的温柔安静的心这种内在的装饰获得一种适当性。所以人人都应当在今生殷勤利用每一机会和特权去获得可能使人有资格在将来的世界过更高尚生活的一切知识。上帝要求每一个青少年都充分发展和培养自己的全部能力。心智、心灵与身体的每一机能都要发挥到极致，好明白上帝的道，并对选民及其仪表有正确的认识，他们是上帝的选民，要从他们的夫子口中听到祂说“做得好，”并且构成上帝在天上的家庭。这是人人都能做的工作。有些人虽然没有管理或组织的能力，但他们可以与那些有才干从事这项工作的人合作。{SpM 51.4}
§31
Every student should aspire to obtain a fitness by the inward adorning of a meek and quiet spirit which is in the sight of God of great price. Therefore he should in this life make diligent use of every opportunity and privilege to obtain all the knowledge possible for a qualification for that higher life in the future world. God requires of every youth the full development and cultivation of all his powers. Every faculty of mind, soul, and body is to be taxed to the highest to understand the Word of God, and have a correct knowledge of the people and their manners, who are chosen the elect of God, and who will receive the “Well done” from the lips of their Master, and compose the family of God in heaven. This is work that every one?can do. Some are incapable of managing or organizing, but these can cooperate with those who have a talent for this.?{SpM 51.4}
§32
教师们要教育青少年认识到，他们若是接受基督并信靠祂，就会与上帝有亲密的关系。祂就赐给他们权柄作上帝的儿女，与天国中最高的权贵们结交，与加百列、与基路伯和撒拉弗、与众天使和天使长联合。“天使又指示我在城内街道当中一道生命水的河，明亮如水晶，从上帝和羔羊的宝座流出来。在河这边与那边有生命树，结十二样果子，每月都结果子；树上的叶子乃为医治万民。以后再没有咒诅；在城里有上帝和羔羊的宝座；祂的仆人都要事奉祂，也要见祂的面。祂的名字必写在他们的额上。不再有黑夜；他们也不用灯光、日光，因为主上帝要光照他们。他们要作王，直到永永远远”（启22:1-5）。{SpM 52.1}
§33
The teachers are to educate the youth to realize that if they receive Christ and believe in Him, they will be brought into close relationship with God. He gives them power to become the sons of God, to associate with the highest dignitaries in the kingdom of heaven, to unite with Gabriel, with cherubim and seraphim, with angels and the archangel. “And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. And there shall be no more curse; but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him. And they shall see His face, and His name shall be in their foreheads. And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light; and they shall reign forever and ever.”?{SpM 52.1}
§34
我们的救主在祂的教训中并没有鼓励任何人去上当时的拉比学校，因为他们的心智会因不断重述“他们说”或“据说”而被败坏。主能对没有在熟读无信仰作者之作品的学校里上过学的心智做更多的事。这些课本是祂伸出手来要除掉的，代之以新旧约圣经。那些因为圣经是上帝的道而愿意亲自查考圣经的人，既乐意挖掘真理如同挖掘隐藏的珍宝，就必得到那惟独来自上帝的智慧作为他们的奖赏。他们若是不愿倚靠自己的聪明，也不信赖自己的发明和自以为多产的心智，他们若愿意将心智的运行交在主手里，并与耶稣基督一同负轭，就不会迈出耶稣基督没有带领的脚步。{SpM 52.2}
§35
In His teaching our Savior did not encourage any to attend the rabbinical schools of His day, for the reason that their minds would be corrupted with the continually repeated, “They say,” or, “It hath been said.” The Lord can do more with minds that have no connection with schools where infidel authors are perused. These lesson books He reaches out His hand to remove, and in their stead places the Old and New Testament Scriptures. Those who will search the Scriptures for themselves, because it is the Word of God, who are willing to dig for the truth as for hidden treasures, will receive for their prize that wisdom which cometh from God. If they will not rely upon their own smartness, not trust in their own inventions and fruitful minds, if they will give the working of the mind into the Lord’s hands, and yoke up with Jesus Christ, they will not take steps where Jesus does not lead the way.?{SpM 52.2}
§36
人生的目标应当是顺从基督的呼召，“跟从我来。”那些保持内心纯洁，没有塞进太多琐碎事项的人，既愿意让自己的心力用在那些从他们自己的立场虽不愿接受但从上帝所赐的亮光却愿意接受的事上，就会不断获得知识。而这种知识会引导他们进入正直的通道。事后他们就能感谢上帝，因为他们故意选择去知道和明白主对祂仆人所说的话。{SpM 52.3}
§37
The aim of life should be to obey the call of Christ, “Follow me.” Those whose minds are kept pure and uncrowded with too many small items, who will let their mind give its strength to those things that will be received not from their standpoint, but from the light that God has given, will be continually gaining in knowledge. And this knowledge will direct them in straightforward channels. By their aftersight they will be able to give thanks to God that they had studiously chosen to know and understand what saith the Lord to His servant.?{SpM 52.3}
§38
要研究和教导上帝的道。要藉着上帝的道与祂交谈。这样我们的品格就会改变。一度曾以为重要的想法和习惯就会改变。上帝的道要作我们的课本。以这道为媒介我们才获悉那更美家乡的一切事，以及每一个人进入上帝的国并得享永生所必需的预备工作。你若愉快乐意地遵行那道，你的整个人生就会成为高贵。……{SpM 52.4}
§39
The Word of God is to be studied and taught. Converse with God through the medium of His Word. Thus our characters will be transformed. The ideas and habits once thought essential, will be changed. God’s Word is to be our lesson book. It is through the medium of this Word that we are to learn all about that better country, and the preparation essential for every one to obtain an entrance into the kingdom of God. That word obeyed cheerfully and willingly, will ennoble your whole being.........?{SpM 52.4}
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怀爱伦夫人Mrs. E. G. White