第35章 适当的教育
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第35章 适当的教育
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Chapter 35—Proper Education
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（澳大利亚，库兰邦，1895年8月27日。）
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亲爱的某弟兄和姐妹：我们在这里的手艺培训学校正在尽力遵行上帝所赐的亮光，把智力训练和适当使用脑筋与肌肉结合起来。迄今的效果超过了我们的期望。在试验性的第一个学期结束时，给了学生们安排假期的机会，可以去做他们自愿去做的工作。但每一个人都请求学校继续象以前那样开办下去，每天都有体力劳动与几个小时的学习相结合。学生们并不想放弃目前这个学会如何作工、如何学习的机会。这既是他们在最不利的条件下所作的选择，那么当校舍建造起来，学生们有了更好的环境时，它将会有多大的影响呢？{TM 239.1}[1]
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(Cooranbong, Australia,August 27, 1895)
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Dear Brother and Sister -----,The students of our manual training school at this place are doing their best to follow the light God has given to combine with mental training the proper use of brain and muscle. Thus far the results have exceeded our expectations. At the close of the first term, which was regarded as an experiment, opportunity was given for the students to have their vacation, and engage in whatever work they chose to do. But everyone begged that the school might be continued as before, with manual labor each day combined with certain hours of study. The students did not want to give up the present opportunity of learning how to labor and how to study. If this is their choice under the most disadvantageous circumstances, what influence will it have when the school buildings are up and there are more favorable surroundings for the students??{TM 239.1}[1]
§7
他们现在只有一栋教学楼，是一个旧旅馆。我们把它租下来予以充分利用。我们在周围的场地里还搭起了四个帐蓬，也给学生们居住。每天早上六点钟，学校的师生被召集在一起进行早晨礼拜和圣经学习。这些活动证明是一个福气。……{TM 239.2}[2]
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The building they now occupy, the only one at all fit for the purpose, was an old hotel which we rented and are using to its fullest capacity. Four tents pitched in an adjoining paddock are also occupied by students. Every morning at six o’clock the members of the school are called together for morning worship and Bible study. These occasions have proved a blessing....?{TM 239.2}[2]
§9
有八个早晨我给学生们讲话。主耶稣确实临格我们的聚会。与会者的年龄一般从二十六岁至三十岁。在最初的聚会中，代求的灵降到我身上。所有的人都感受到主垂听了我们的祷告。然后我讲了大约三十分钟。主把适合于会众的话赐给了我。这些活动非常有益；学生们事后的见证，证明了圣灵在使每一个人都瞥见上帝的事。{TM 239.3}[3]
§10
I spoke to the students eight mornings. The Lord Jesus was indeed in our assembly. The congregation?averaged from twenty-six to thirty. In the first meetings the spirit of intercession came upon me, and all were sensible that the Lord heard our prayers. Then I spoke about thirty minutes, and the Lord gave me words for those assembled. These seasons were most profitable; the testimonies of the students following gave evidence that the Holy Spirit was giving to all glimpses of the things of God.?{TM 239.3}[3]
§11
在聚会的过程中，属灵的印象越来越明显。上帝与我们同在。在场的人大感同情与关爱之心。人心易受圣灵的感化，在思想品格上发生了根本的变化。上帝的灵正在藉着人作工。我赞美主以祂的灵鼓舞了我的心。我们都感到主在与我们合作，引导我们立志、下决心和行动。{TM 240.1}[4]
§12
The spiritual impressions became more marked as the meetings progressed. The divine presence was with us. The sympathies and sentiments of those present became inspired with power and favor. Hearts were susceptible to the influence of the Holy Spirit, and decided changes were wrought in minds and character. The Spirit of God was working upon human agents. I praise the Lord for the encouraging influence of His Spirit upon my own heart. We all felt that the Lord was cooperating with us to lead us to will, to resolve, and act.?{TM 240.1}[4]
§13
主并不想代替我们立志行事。这是我们自己的工作。我们一旦认真从事这项工作，上帝的恩典就会赐下，在我们里面运行，帮助我们立志行事，但决不代替我们的努力。我们的心灵要被唤醒与之配合。圣灵要帮助人做成自己得救的工夫。圣灵所设法教导我们的，乃是实际的教训。“因为你们立志行事，都是上帝在你们心里运行，为要成就祂的美意。”（腓2:13）{TM 240.2}[5]
§14
The Lord does not propose to perform for us either the willing or the doing. This is our proper work. As soon as we earnestly enter upon the work, God’s grace is given to work in us to will and to do, but never as a substitute for our effort. Our souls are to be aroused to cooperate. The Holy Spirit works the human agent, to work out our own salvation. This is the practical lesson the Holy Spirit is striving to teach us. “For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of His good pleasure.”?{TM 240.2}[5]
§15
我对宝贵的真理及其在人心上能力的认识，从未象在晨会上对学生讲话时那么深刻。一个早晨接着一个早晨，我感到身负上帝的信息。我还有特别的机会在安息日讲了两次。在每次聚会时，都有几个不信的人在场。当真理宣扬出来时，他们大受感动。我们如果有一个合适的聚会场所，就可以邀请邻居们前来参加了。我们狭长的餐厅挤满了人，不是一个合适的敬拜场所。在房间的角落里给了我一小块地方，紧挨着墙。然而主耶稣临格在聚会中。我们知道这一点。有些人正在正在认真思考真理的题目。{TM 240.3}[6]
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I never had a deeper sense of the precious truth and its power upon human minds than when addressing those students in the early meetings. Morning after morning I felt charged with a message from God. I also had special freedom in speaking twice upon the Sabbath. At every meeting several unbelievers were?present, and they were much affected as the truth was presented. If we had a suitable place for meeting we could invite the neighbors to come in. But our long, narrow dining room crowded as closely as if packed is not a very suitable place for worship. I am assigned a little space in the corner of the room, and am packed up close to the wall. Nevertheless the Lord Jesus is in the assembly. We know it. Some souls are thinking very seriously now upon the subject of the truth.?{TM 240.3}[6]
§17
我们都知道，人在下大决心将心中的信念付诸行动的时候，要经历最剧烈的思想斗争。把心灵献给上帝，乃是把它交给那用无限的代价买了其自由权的主，然后我们将继续认识主，知道祂出现确如晨光。“听命胜于献祭”（撒上15:22）。基督徒全部的工作都被包括在立志和行事里。{TM 241.1}[7]
§18
We all know that the most severe and intense soul struggles belong to the hour of the great resolve to act out the convictions upon the human heart. The consecration of the soul to God is committing the keeping of the soul to One who has purchased its freedom at an infinite price, and then we are to follow on to know the Lord, that we may know His goings forth are prepared as the morning. “To obey is better than sacrifice.” The whole work of the Christian is comprised in willing and doing.?{TM 241.1}[7]
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【均衡的训练】
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学生们忠实努力地学习。他们肌肉的活力与他们的胆识和稳健度都在增加。这是适当的教育，会从我们的学校培养出既不软弱，也不低效的学生。他们所受的不是片面的教育，而是德、智、体的全面训练。建造品格的人不可忘记，要打下使教育获得最大价值的基础。这就要求而且必须做到自我牺牲。体育如适当地进行，就必为智育作好准备。二者缺一总是不完善的。体育和智育相结合，使人的思想品德处在更健康的状态，做出更好的工作。经过这样的训练，从我们学校教育出来的学生将能适应实际的生活，会充分利用他们的各种智能。我们若要正确地对待我们的学生，必须把体育和智育结合起来。我们一直按这个计划操作，取得了非常满意的效果，尽管学生们是在很不方便的条件下劳动的。{TM 241.2}[8]
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【Balanced Training】
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The students work hard and faithfully. They are gaining in strength of nerve and in solidity as well as activity of muscles. This is the proper education which will bring forth from our schools young men who are not weak and inefficient, who have not a one-sided education, but an all-round physical, mental, and moral training. The builders of character must not forget to lay the foundation which will make education of the greatest value. This will require self-sacrifice, but it must be done. The physical training will, if properly conducted, prepare for mental taxation. But the one alone always makes a deficient man. The physical taxation combined with mental effort keeps the mind and morals in a more healthful condition,?and far better work is done. Under this training students will come forth from our schools educated for practical life, able to put their intellectual capabilities to the best use. Physical and mental exercise must be combined if we would do justice to our students. We have been working on this plan here with complete satisfaction, notwithstanding the inconvenience under which students have to labor.{TM 241.2}[8]
§23
我来到这里，开始在自己的岗位上认真工作，用饱满的热诚激励大家。他们一直在努力作工，为自己拥有这个特权而欢喜快乐。我们彼此引发了热心和善行。学校的工人们担心我会抢先种树。现在他们和我都因这里有了第一个真正的果园而满意。我们的一些果树明年就会结果子。两年以后桃树也会有不少的收成。我们从某先生那里买下了树。他住在距这里约二十英里的地方，有一个又大又美丽的果园。他说我们这里很适于种植水果。{TM 242.1}[9]
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I came here and began work on my place so earnestly that it inspired all with fresh zeal, and they have been working with a will, rejoicing that they have the privilege. We have provoked one another to zeal and good works. The school workers were afraid I would plant the first trees, and now both they and I have the satisfaction of having the first genuine orchards in this vicinity. Some of our trees will yield fruit next year, and the peaches will bear quite a crop in two years. Mr.-----, from whom we bought our trees, lives about twenty miles from here. He has an extensive and beautiful orchard. He says that we have splendid fruit land.?{TM 242.1}[9]
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学校有了一个极好的开始。学生们在学习如何种树、种草莓等，如何不挤压每一个根须，使他们有机会生长。这岂不是一种如何对待人的心灵和身体的极宝贵的教训吗？——不要妨碍身体的任何一个器官，而要给它们足够的空间做各自的工作。要唤醒人的心灵，运用他们的智力。我们需要圣灵所激励的人，在祂的引导下，做完美的工作。要培养和使用这些人，不使他们因不活动而变得懒散和发育不良。我们所需要的成人和青年，应能在田间劳动，运用智慧和技巧，不觉得自己是在做仆人，而是感到自己在做高尚的工作，象上帝在伊甸园中赐给亚当夏娃的工作一样，喜爱看那位神圣的农夫所施行的奇迹。人播撒了种子，上帝浇灌它，又使祂的太阳照耀它，使它长出小小的叶片。这里有上帝赐给我们的教训，是关于身体的复活和心灵的重生。我们要从属地事物的发育中认识到属灵的事。{TM 242.2}[10]
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Well, the school has made an excellent beginning. The students are learning how to plant trees, strawberries, etc.; how they must keep every sprangle and fiber of the roots uncramped in order to give them a chance to grow. Is not this a most precious lesson as to how to treat the human mind, and the body as well—not to cramp any of the organs of the body, but give them ample room to do their work? The mind must be called out, its energies taxed. We want men and women who can be energized by the Spirit of God to do a complete work under the Spirit’s guidance. But these minds must be cultivated, employed, not lazy and dwarfed by inaction. Just so men and women and children are wanted who will work the?land, and use their tact and skill, not with a feeling that they are menials, but that they are doing just such noble work as God gave to Adam and Eve in Eden, who loved to see the miracles wrought by the divine Husbandman. The human agent plants the seed, and God waters it and causes His sun to shine upon it, and up springs the tiny blade. Here is the lesson God gives to us concerning the resurrection of the body, and the renewing of the heart. We are to learn of spiritual things from the development of the earthly.?{TM 242.2}[10]
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【耕地中的教育】
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我们不要因表面上的失败而烦恼沮丧。我们应当怀着快乐，希望和感恩的心去耕种，相信大地蕴藏着丰富的资源，供忠心的人去收获，其宝藏比金银更富足。吝啬之徒对大地的指责乃是假见证。我们若是恰当而聪明地耕种，大地必献出其宝藏来造福人类。{TM 243.1}[11]
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【Education in the Tilling of the Soil】
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We are not to be put about and discouraged about temporal things because of apparent failures, nor should we be disheartened by delay. We should work the soil cheerfully, hopefully, gratefully, believing that the earth holds in her bosom rich stores for the faithful worker to garner, richer than gold or silver. The niggardliness laid to her charge is false witness. With proper, intelligent cultivation the earth will yield its treasures for the benefit of man.?{TM 243.1}[11]
§31
所要学习的属灵教训并不是低级的。撒在心田中的真理种子不会全部损失，却会发芽，先长苗，后长穗，再后结出饱满的子粒。上帝从起初就说过：“地要发生青草和结种子的菜蔬，并结果子的树木”（创1:11）。上帝用祂的话语创造了大地，也创造了种子。在土地的耕作上，我们要运用思维的能力，相信上帝的话。祂的话已经创造了地上的果子供应人类。{TM 243.2}[12]
§32
The spiritual lessons to be learned are of no mean order. The seeds of truth sown in the soil of the heart will not all be lost, but will spring up, first the blade, then the ear, and then the corn in the ear. God said in the beginning, “Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit.” God created the seed as He did the earth, by the divine word. We are to exercise our reasoning powers in the cultivation of the earth, and to have faith in the word of God that has created the fruit of the earth for the service of man.?{TM 243.2}[12]
§33
耕种土地需要运用我们的全部脑力和智慧。我们周围的土地证明了人的懒惰。我们希望能激活处于休眠状态的感官。我们希望看到聪明的农夫；他们殷勤的劳动会得到奖赏。手和心必须配合，在土地的耕作上实施明智的新计划。我们看到这里的大树被伐倒拔除，犁头深入土壤，翻出深深的犁沟，种植幼树，撒播种子。学生们正在学习耕作的意义。锄头，铲子和耙子，都是获利好产业的工具。我们往往会犯下错误。但谬误是紧挨着真理的。藉着失败会学到智慧；开创工作的活力会提供最终成功的希望。犹豫不决会阻止工作的进展，急躁仓促也会误事，但只要人愿意，这一切都可以成为教训。{TM 243.3}[13]
§34
The cultivation of our lands requires the exercise of all the brainpower and tact we possess. The lands around us testify to the indolence of men. We hope to?arouse to action the dormant senses. We hope to see intelligent farmers, who will be rewarded for their earnest labor. The hand and heart must cooperate, bringing new and sensible plans into operation in the cultivation of the soil. We have here seen the giant trees felled and uprooted, we have seen the plowshare pressed into the earth, turning deep furrows for the planting of young trees and the sowing of the seed. The students are learning what plowing means, and that the hoe and the shovel, the rake and the harrow, are all implements of honorable and profitable industry. Mistakes will often be made, but error lies close beside truth. Wisdom will be learned by failures, and the energy that will make a beginning gives hope of success in the end. Hesitation will keep things back, precipitancy will alike retard, but all will serve as lessons if the human agents will have it so.?{TM 243.3}[13]
§35
在库兰邦这里所开办的学校里，我们指望看到农业和各门学科的学习相结合而取得真正的成功。我们希望这里成为一个中心，有亮光照射出去，传播宝贵的先进知识，将未开发的土地开垦出来，使丘陵和山谷都开花如玫瑰。对青少年和成年人来说，体力劳动和智力劳动相结合都会导致正确的全面教育。心智的培养会给土地的耕作带来智慧的新动力。{TM 244.1}[14]
§36
In the school that is started here in Cooranbong, we look to see real success in agricultural lines, combined with a study of the sciences. We mean for this place to be a center, from which shall irradiate light, precious advanced knowledge that shall result in the working of unimproved lands, so that hills and valleys shall blossom like the rose. For both children and men, labor combined with mental taxation will give the right kind of all-round education. The cultivation of the mind will bring tact and fresh incentives to the cultivation of the soil.?{TM 244.1}[14]
§37
将会有一种新人培养出来。他们作为养家糊口的人，受过教育和训练，能务农得利。他们的脑筋不会因功课的学习而过度疲劳和紧张。这样的人会打破一般人对于体力劳动的愚昧观念。他们会发挥一种影响力，无须大声喧嚷，却能起到潜移默化的作用。我们会看到这样的农民，他们不是粗鄙野蛮，消极懒惰，不修篇幅的。家里也不会杂乱无章。他们反而会把品味带进农舍。房间阳光充足，舒服诱人。我们不会看到黑呼呼的天花板，上面贴着满是灰尘和污垢的布。科学、天赋与智慧将在家中表现出来。土地的耕作将被视为提拔人、使人高贵的。把大地当作上帝的宝库，会表现出纯正实际的宗教。人越有知识，就越能发挥宗教的影响。主希望我们把大地当作贵重的财宝，是祂所托付给我们的。{TM 244.2}[15]
§38
There will be a new presentation of men as breadwinners, possessing educated, trained ability to work the soil to advantage. Their minds will not be overtaxed and strained to the uttermost with the study of the sciences. Such men will break down the foolish sentiments that have prevailed in regard to manual labor. An influence will go forth, not in loud-voiced?oratory, but in real inculcation of ideas. We shall see farmers who are not coarse and rough and slack, careless of their apparel and of the appearance of their homes; but they will bring taste into farmhouses. Rooms will be sunny and inviting. We shall not see blackened ceilings, covered with cloth full of dust and dirt. Science, genius, intelligence, will be manifest in the home. The cultivation of the soil will be regarded as elevating and ennobling. Pure, practical religion will be manifested in treating the earth as God’s treasure-house. The more intelligent a man becomes, the more should religious influence be radiating from him. And the Lord would have us treat the earth as a precious treasure, lent us in trust.?{TM 244.2}[15]