第53章 圣餐礼
§1
第53章 圣餐礼
§2
Chap. 53—The Lord’s Supper
§3
上帝教会的礼节简单又清楚，所代表的真理，却对我们有最深刻的含义。（Ev 273）{CCh 298.1}[1]
§4
The symbols of the Lord’s house are simple and plainly understood, and the truths represented by them are of the deepest significance to us.{CCh 298.1}[1]
§5
基督正处于两个制度和两个大礼节的分界线上。祂——上帝无瑕疵无玷污的羔羊 ——即将献上自己为赎罪祭。这样祂就要把那四千年来预表祂死的表号和仪式的制度废除了。当祂同门徒吃逾越节筵席的时候，祂设立了一个记念祂伟大牺牲的礼节来代替逾越节。犹太人全国性的节期是要永远过去了。而基督所设立的礼节要在各方各处，世世代代为祂的门徒所遵守。?{CCh 298.2}[2]
§6
Christ was standing at the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals. He, the spotless Lamb of God, was about to present Himself as a sin offering, that He would thus bring to an end the system of types and ceremonies that for four thousand years had pointed to His death. As He ate the Passover with His disciples, He instituted in its place the service that was to be the memorial of His great sacrifice. The national festival of the Jews was to pass away forever. The service which Christ established was to be observed by His followers in all lands and through all ages.?{CCh 298.2}[2]
§7
古时逾越节的设立，原是作以色列人从埃及为奴之家被拯救出来的记念。上帝曾指示，当他们年年遵守这礼节时，儿女若问起它的意义，他们就要将这一段历史重述一遍。这样，那奇妙的拯救就必留在众人的心中，历历不忘。基督设立圣餐礼，乃是要记念那因祂的死而完成的大拯救。信徒要遵守这礼节，直到祂带着能力和荣耀第二次降临的日子。这礼节是一种记念，使我们常把祂为我们所行伟大的作为铭心不忘。{CCh 298.3}[3]
§8
The Passover was ordained as a commemoration of the deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage. God had directed that, year by year, as the children should ask the meaning of this ordinance, the history should be repeated. Thus the wonderful deliverance was to be kept fresh in the minds of all. The ordinance of the Lord’s Supper was given to commemorate the great deliverance wrought out as the result of the death of Christ. Till He shall come the second time in power and glory, this ordinance is to be celebrated. It is the means by which His great work for us is to be kept fresh in our minds.?{CCh 298.3}[3]
§9
基督的榜样不许可祂的门徒排斥他人参加圣餐。公然犯罪的人固然不得参加，这是圣灵所明白指示的（林前5:11），但除此之外，没有人可以擅自审判别人。上帝并没有让任何人决定谁可以参加这些礼节，因为谁能洞察人心呢？谁能将稗子从麦子中分别出来呢？“人应当自己省察，然后吃这饼、喝这杯。” 因为“无论何人，不按理吃主的饼，喝主的杯，就是干犯主的身主的血了。”“因为人吃喝，若不分辨是主的身体，就是吃喝自己的罪了”（林前11:28、27、29）。?{CCh 298.4}[4]
§10
Christ’s example forbids exclusiveness at the Lord’s Supper. It is true that open sin excludes the guilty. This the Holy Spirit plainly teaches.?1 Corinthians 5:11. But beyond this none are to pass judgment. God has not left it with men to say who shall present themselves on these occasions. For who can read the heart? Who can distinguish the tares from the wheat? “Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.” For “whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.” “He that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body.”?1 Corinthians 11:28, 27, 29.?{CCh 298.4}[4]
§11
我们不要因为有一些不配的人在场就不去参加圣餐。每一个门徒都当公开参与，藉此证明他接受基督为他个人的救主。?{CCh 298.5}[5]
§12
None should exclude themselves from the Communion because some who are unworthy may be present. Every disciple is called upon to participate publicly, and thus bear witness that he accepts Christ as a personal Saviour.?{CCh 298.5}[5]
§13
基督既与祂的门徒一同吃饼，一同喝葡萄汁，就与他们立约，作他们的救赎主。祂把这新约交托他们，使凡接受祂的人都可以成为上帝的儿女，并与基督同作后嗣。由于这约，他们就可以享有上天所能赐的今世和来生的一切福惠。这约是要用基督的血来使之生效的。这个圣礼是要门徒记念那为整个堕落的人类，也是为他们个人献上的伟大牺牲。{CCh 298.6}[6]
§14
In partaking with His disciples of the bread and wine, Christ pledged?Himself to them as their Redeemer. He committed to them the new covenant, by which all who receive Him become children of God, and joint heirs with Christ. By this covenant every blessing that heaven could bestow for this life and the life to come was theirs. This covenant deed was to be ratified with the blood of Christ. And the administration of the Sacrament was to keep before the disciples the infinite sacrifice made for each of them individually as a part of the great whole of fallen humanity.?{CCh 298.6}[6]
§15
【仆人的仆人】
§16
门徒进入楼房时，他们心中充满了怨愤的情绪。犹大挨近基督，坐在祂的左边，约翰则坐在右边。哪里是最高的位置，犹大就决心要坐在哪里，因为大家都认为最高的位置是在基督的身边。犹大就是卖主的人。?{CCh 299.1}[7]
§17
【The Servant of Servants】
§18
When the disciples entered the supper room, their hearts were full of resentful feelings. Judas pressed next to Christ on the left side; John was on the right. If there was a highest place, Judas was determined to have it, and that place was thought to be next to Christ. And Judas was a traitor.?{CCh 299.1}[7]
§19
这时又发生了一件争论的事故。按当时的习惯，宴会上总有一个仆人来为宾客洗脚。在这一次，洗脚的用具已经预备齐全：水瓶，脚盆和手巾都已摆好，可以随时拿来使用，但是没有仆人在那里。按理，门徒应当作这件事。可是每一个门徒都存着骄傲的心，决意不作仆人的事情。大家都装作漠不关心的样子，似乎不觉得有什么当作的事。他们的缄默表示他们的不肯自卑。{CCh 299.2}[8]
§20
Another cause of dissension had arisen. At a feast it was customary for a servant to wash the feet of the guests, and on this occasion preparation had been made for the service. The pitcher, the basin, and the towel were there, in readiness for the feet washing; but no servant was present, and it was the disciples’ part to perform it. But each of the disciples, yielding to wounded pride, determined not to act the part of a servant. All manifested a stoical unconcern, seeming unconscious that there was anything for them to do. By their silence they refused to humble themselves.?{CCh 299.2}[8]
§21
门徒对于彼此洗脚，不采取任何行动。耶稣等了片刻，要看他们将怎样作。于是这位神圣的教师便从席上起来。祂脱下那足以妨碍祂行动的外衣，拿了一条手巾束腰。众门徒带着惊奇的情绪望着祂，哑口无言地等着看祂还要作什么。耶稣“随后把水倒在盆里，就洗门徒的脚，并用自己所束的手巾擦干。”这一个举动开了门徒的眼睛。他们心中充满了惭愧和羞耻。他们明白了基督所没有讲出来的责备，并对于自己有了完全不同的看法。?{CCh 299.3}[9]
§22
The disciples made no move toward serving one another. Jesus waited for a time to see what they would do. Then He, the divine Teacher, rose from the table. Laying aside the outer garment that would have impeded His movements, He took a towel, and girded Himself. With surprised interest the disciples looked on, and in silence waited to see what was to follow. “After that He poureth water into a basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith He was girded.” This action opened the eyes of the disciples. Bitter shame and humiliation filled their hearts. They understood the unspoken rebuke, and saw themselves in altogether a new light.?{CCh 299.3}[9]
§23
基督如此表示了祂爱门徒的心。他们的自私使祂心中充满忧伤，但祂并没有用争辩的方式指出他们的缺点，反而为他们留下一个他们所永不会忘记的榜样。祂向他们所怀的慈爱是不可以轻易改变或消灭的。祂知道父已将万有交在祂手里，且知道自己是从上帝那里来，又要归到上帝那里去。祂固然确知自己是上帝，但祂已将自己的皇冕和王袍放在一边，而取了奴仆的样式。祂在地上生活最后的举动之一就是作一个奴仆，自己束腰来作奴仆的事。?{CCh 299.4}[10]
§24
So Christ expressed His love for His disciples. Their selfish spirit filled Him with sorrow, but He entered into no controversy with them regarding their difficulty. Instead He gave them an example they would never forget. His love for them was not easily disturbed or quenched. He knew that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He came from God, and went to God. He had a full consciousness of His divinity; but He had laid aside His royal crown and kingly robes, and had taken the form of a servant. One of the last acts of His life on earth was to gird Himself as a servant, and perform a servant’s part.?{CCh 299.4}[10]
§25
基督希望门徒们明白，虽然祂洗了他们的脚，但这并没丝毫减损祂的尊严。“你们称呼我夫子，称呼我主，你们说的不错，我本来是。”祂既有这至高无上的身份，就使这礼节更为优美，更有意义。基督亲自立了谦卑的榜样，为要使祂的子民不至顺着自己本性的私心行事。这种私心会因追求自己的利益而变本加厉。祂不愿将这重大的任务委托给人。祂对于这事非常重视，甚至这一位与上帝同等的主，竟作了祂门徒的仆人。正当他们追求最高地位的时候，那万膝应当跪拜，而天使以侍奉祂为荣的主，却跪下洗那些称祂为主之人的脚，连卖祂之人的脚也洗了。{CCh 299.5}[11]
§26
Christ would have His disciples understand that although He had washed their feet, this did not in the least detract from His dignity. “Ye call Me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.” And being so?infinitely superior, He imparted grace and significance to the service. No one was so exalted as Christ, and yet He stooped to the humblest duty. That His people might not be misled by the selfishness which dwells in the natural heart, and which strengthens by self-serving, Christ Himself set the example of humility. He would not leave this great subject in man’s charge. Of so much consequence did He regard it, that He Himself, One equal with God, acted as servant to His disciples. While they were contending for the highest place, He to whom every knee shall bow, He whom the angels of glory count it honor to serve, bowed down to wash the feet of those who called Him Lord. He washed the feet of His betrayer.?{CCh 299.5}[11]
§27
耶稣洗了门徒的脚，就说：“我给你们作了榜样，叫你们照着我向你们所作的去作。”基督在这句话里不但教人善待客人。祂的意思不只是洗去客人在旅行时脚上所沾的尘土。基督乃是藉此设立一个宗教礼节。由于我们主的榜样，这谦卑礼成了一个神圣的仪式。祂要门徒遵守这个仪式，使他们可以永远记念祂那谦卑和服务的教训。?{CCh 300.1}[12]
§28
Now, having washed the disciples’ feet, He said, “I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.” In these words Christ was not merely enjoining the practice of hospitality. More was meant than the washing of the feet of guests to remove the dust of travel. Christ was here instituting a religious service. By the act of our Lord this humiliating ceremony was made a consecrated ordinance. It was to be observed by the disciples, that they might ever keep in mind His lessons of humility and service.?{CCh 300.1}[12]
§29
【准备的礼节】
§30
这谦卑的礼乃是基督指定为参加圣餐的准备。我们心中若存有骄傲，纷争和争先的意念，就不能与基督相交。我们没有准备好去领受祂的身体和祂的宝血。因此耶稣才指定要先遵守这记念祂的谦卑礼。{CCh 300.2}[13]
§31
【The Ordinance of Preparation】
§32
This ordinance is Christ’s appointed preparation for the sacramental service. While pride, variance, and strife for supremacy are cherished, the heart cannot enter into fellowship with Christ. We are not prepared to receive the communion of His body and His blood. Therefore it was that Jesus appointed the memorial of His humiliation to be first observed.?{CCh 300.2}[13]
§33
上帝的儿女来参加这礼节时，他们应当记念荣耀和生命的主所说的话：“我向你们所作的，你们明白么？你们称呼我夫子，称呼我主，你们说的不错，我本来是。我是你们的主，你们的夫子，尚且洗你们的脚，你们也当彼此洗脚。我给你们作了榜样，叫你们照着我向你们所作的去作。我实实在在的告诉你们，仆人不能大于主人，差人也不能大于差他的人。你们既知道这事，若是去行就有福了”（约13:12-17）。{CCh 300.3}[14]
§34
As they come to this ordinance, the children of God should bring to remembrance the words of the Lord of life and glory: “Know ye what I have done to you? Ye call Me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you. Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.”?John 13:12-17.?{CCh 300.3}[14]
§35
人心原有一个癖性，就是看自己比别人强，专为自己打算，好高骛远，其结果往往造成无端的猜疑和心怀怨毒的状况。在圣餐之前的洗脚礼就是要消除这些误会，使人去掉自私，放弃妄自尊大的态度，存心谦卑，愿为弟兄服务。?{CCh 300.4}[15]
§36
There is in man a disposition to esteem himself more highly than his brother, to work for self, to seek the highest place; and often this results in evil surmisings and bitterness of spirit. The ordinance preceding the Lord’s Supper is to clear away these misunderstandings, to bring man out of his selfishness, down from his stilts of self-exaltation, to the humility of heart that will lead him to serve his brother.?{CCh 300.4}[15]
§37
从天上来的圣洁的守望者必参加这样的聚会，使之成为自省悔过和蒙恩赦罪的良好时机。基督要带着祂丰盛的恩典临格，为要改变那趋于专求利己的思想。圣灵也必鼓舞那些跟随主榜样之人的天良。当我们记念救主为我们所受的屈辱时，就必联想起许多事来，一连串的回忆历历在目，如上帝的大恩，友人的帮助和安慰。?{CCh 300.5}[16]
§38
The holy Watcher from heaven is present at this season to make it one of soul searching, of conviction of sin, and of the blessed assurance of sins forgiven. Christ in the fullness of His grace is there to change the current of the thoughts that have been running in selfish channels. The?Holy Spirit quickens the sensibilities of those who follow the example of their Lord. As the Saviour’s humiliation for us is remembered, thought links with thought; a chain of memories is called up, memories of God’s great goodness and of the favor and tenderness of earthly friends.?{CCh 300.5}[16]
§39
每逢上帝的儿女正确地举行这个礼节，他们中间就必发生一种圣洁的关系，彼此帮助，互相祝福。他们藉此立约献身从事无私的服务。而且服务的对象并不限于自己的弟兄，他们的工作园地是同他们夫子的工作园地一样广大。世界到处都是需要我们服务的人。各处都有穷苦，软弱和愚昧的人。凡在吃圣餐的“楼房”上曾与基督相交的，必要出去服务，像祂一样。?{CCh 301.1}[17]
§40
Whenever this ordinance is rightly celebrated, the children of God are brought into a holy relationship, to help and bless each other. They covenant that the life shall be given to unselfish ministry. And this, not only for one another. Their field of labor is as wide as their Master’s was. The world is full of those who need our ministry. The poor, the helpless, the ignorant, are on every hand. Those who have communed with Christ in the upper chamber will go forth to minister as He did.?{CCh 301.1}[17]
§41
为万有所侍奉的耶稣，竟来作众人的仆人，而且因为祂服侍了众人，就必再为众人所侍奉所尊崇。那些愿意与祂的神圣性情有份，并与祂一同看到人类蒙救赎而欢喜的人，必须依照祂那无私服务的榜样去行。?{CCh 301.2}[18]
§42
Jesus, the served of all, came to be the servant of all. And because He ministered to all, He will again be served and honored by all. And those who would partake of His divine attributes, and share with Him the joy of seeing souls redeemed, must follow His example of unselfish ministry.?{CCh 301.2}[18]
§43
【使我们想到基督的复临】
§44
门徒聚集在桌旁时，耶稣用悲凉的语调说：“我很愿意在受害以先吃这逾越节的筵席。我告诉你们，我不再吃这筵席，直到成就在上帝的国里。耶稣接过杯来，祝谢了。说：从今以后，我不再喝这葡萄汁，直等上帝的国来到”（路22:15-18）。?{CCh 301.3}[19]
§45
【A Reminder of Christ’s Second Coming】
§46
As they were gathered about the table, He said in tones of touching sadness, “With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not any more eat thereof, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And He took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.”?Luke 22:15-18.?{CCh 301.3}[19]
§47
但是圣餐不可成为一个悲哀的礼节，因为这原不是它的宗旨。当主的门徒聚集吃祂的圣餐时，他们不可记念或悲叹自己的缺点，不可讲论自己过去的宗教经验，不论那经验是令人鼓舞或是令人沮丧。他们也不要回忆自己与弟兄之间的意见。洗脚的预备礼节已把这一切都解决了。自省，认罪，彼此和好，都已经作过了。?{CCh 301.4}[20]
§48
But the Communion service was not to be a season of sorrowing. This was not its purpose. As the Lord’s disciples gather about His table, they are not to remember and lament their shortcomings. They are not to dwell upon their past religious experience, whether that experience has been elevating or depressing. They are not to recall the differences between them and their brethren. The preparatory service has embraced all this. The self-examination, the confession of sin, the reconciling of differences, has all been done.?{CCh 301.4}[20]
§49
如今他们乃是来与基督相交。他们不是站在十字架死亡的阴影之下，乃是站在十字架救恩的光明之中。他们要打开心门接受公义日头的灿烂光辉。由于基督宝贵的血洗净了他们的心，他们的眼虽看不见祂，但他们却要充分地感觉祂的临格。他们要听见祂的话，说：“我留下平安给你们，我将我的平安赐给你们，我所赐的，不像世人所赐的”（约14:27）。{CCh 301.5}[21]
§50
Now they come to meet with Christ. They are not to stand in the shadow of the cross, but in its saving light. They are to open the soul to the bright beams of the Sun of Righteousness. With hearts cleansed by Christ’s most precious blood, in full consciousness of His presence, although unseen, they are to hear His words, “Peace I leave with you, My peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you.”?John 14:27.?{CCh 301.5}[21]
§51
当我们领受那代表基督舍身流血的饼和酒时，我们就在想像中参加了那在楼房里所举行的圣餐礼。我们似乎也进入了因背负世人罪孽的主所受的惨痛而成圣的客西马尼园。我们似乎看见了祂那使我们与上帝和好的挣扎。如此基督钉十字架就活画在我们眼前了。{CCh 301.6}[22]
§52
As we receive the bread and wine symbolizing Christ’s broken body and spilled blood, we in imagination join in the scene of Communion in the upper chamber. We seem to be passing through the garden consecrated by the agony of Him who bore the sins of the world. We witness the struggle by which our reconciliation with God was obtained. Christ?is set forth crucified among us.?{CCh 301.6}[22]
§53
当我们仰望那被钉的救赎主时，我们就越发充分地明白天上的主宰所付之牺牲的伟大及其意义。救恩的计划在我们面前大放光芒，而且我们一想起髑髅地的景象，就必生出活泼和神圣的感情。我们必要口唱心和地赞美上帝和羔羊，因为那时常记念髑髅地种种景象之人，心中决不会怀有骄傲和崇拜自己的念头。?{CCh 302.1}[23]
§54
Looking upon the crucified Redeemer, we more fully comprehend the magnitude and meaning of the sacrifice made by the Majesty of heaven. The plan of salvation is glorified before us, and the thought of Calvary awakens living and sacred emotions in our hearts. Praise to God and the Lamb will be in our hearts and on our lips; for pride and self-worship cannot flourish in the soul that keeps fresh in memory the scenes of Calvary.?{CCh 302.1}[23]
§55
当我们因信而思念我们主的伟大牺牲时，我们的心灵就必吸收基督属灵的生命，我们也必从每一次的圣餐礼中得到属灵的力量。于是这礼节就成了活的链条，使信徒与基督深相契合，因而也得与天父深相契合了。可见这礼节特别是在需要倚靠的人类与上帝之间建立了一种密切的关系。{CCh 302.2}[24]
§56
As faith contemplates our Lord’s great sacrifice, the soul assimilates the spiritual life of Christ. That soul will receive spiritual strength from every Communion. The service forms a living connection by which the believer is bound up with Christ, and thus bound up with the Father. In a special sense it forms a connection between dependent human beings and God.?{CCh 302.2}[24]
§57
圣餐礼是预指基督第二次的降临。它的宗旨就是要把这个指望生动地铭刻在门徒的心中。每逢他们聚集在一起记念祂的死，他们就重述祂如何“拿起杯来，祝谢了，递给他们，说，你们都喝这个，因为这是我立约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。但我告诉你们，从今以后，我不再喝这葡萄汁，直到我在我父的国里，同你们喝新的那日子。”他们在苦难中，就因指望他们的主复临而得了安慰。他们想起这句话：“你们每逢吃这饼，喝这怀，是表明主的死，直等到祂来”（林前11:26）。这个应许对他们真是有言语难以形容的安慰。{CCh 302.3}[25]
§58
The Communion service points to Christ’s second coming. It was designed to keep this hope vivid in the minds of the disciples. Whenever they met together to commemorate His death, they recounted how “He took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is My blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.” In their tribulation they found comfort in the hope of their Lord’s return. Unspeakably precious to them was the thought, “As often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show the Lord’s death till He come.”?1 Corinthians 11:26.?{CCh 302.3}[25]
§59
这些事是我们所永不可忘记的。耶稣的爱及其激励人心的能力，我们应当时常记念的。基督设立这个礼节，是要向我们说明上帝为我们的缘故所表现的爱心。若不藉着基督，我们的心灵决不能与上帝联合。而且弟兄与弟兄之间的联合和爱心，也必须因着耶稣的爱而凝固，垂久。惟有基督的死才能使祂的爱在我们身上生效。惟有因祂的死，我们才能欢欢喜喜地仰望祂的复临。祂的牺牲乃是我们指望的中心。我们必须把信仰建立在这一点上。（DA 643-661）?{CCh 302.4}[26]
§60
These are the things we are never to forget. The love of Jesus, with its constraining power, is to be kept fresh in our memory. Christ has instituted this service that it may speak to our senses of the love of God that has been expressed in our behalf. There can be no union between our souls and God except through Christ. The union and love between brother and brother must be cemented and rendered eternal by the love of Jesus. And nothing less than the death of Christ could make His love efficacious for us. It is only because of His death that we can look with joy to His second coming. His sacrifice is the center of our hope. Upon this we must fix our faith.{CCh 302.4}[26]