第23章 母亲与孩子
§1
第23章 母亲与孩子
§2
Chap. 23—The Mother and Her Child
§3
妻子和母亲不要专门做家务，而要化时间读书，掌握知识，做丈夫的伴侣，与孩子成长中的心灵保持接触。她要善用自己的机会，影响亲人过更高尚的生活。她还要化时间天天以亲爱的救主为她的亲朋好友，研究圣经，陪孩子到野外去，通过上帝创作的美来认识祂。?{CCh 138.1}[1]
§4
Instead of sinking into a mere household drudge, let the wife and mother take time to read, to keep herself well informed, to be a companion to her husband, and to keep in touch with the developing minds of her children. Let her use wisely the opportunities now hers to influence her dear ones for the higher life. Let her take time to make the dear Saviour a daily Companion and familiar Friend. Let her take time for the study of His word, take time to go with the children into the fields and learn of God through the beauty of His works.?{CCh 138.1}[1]
§5
她应当保持快乐与开朗。不要无休止地缝纫，而要使晚上成为一天辛劳之后家人快乐团聚的时光。这样，许多男子就不会到茶坊酒肆里去，而要乐意在家里享天伦之乐了。许多男孩子就不会出去荡街逛店，许多女孩子也就不会结交轻浮害人的同伴了。家庭的影响将在父母和儿女身上实现上帝的理想，造就终身的幸福。{CCh 138.2}[2]
§6
Let her keep cheerful and buoyant. Instead of spending every moment in endless sewing, make the evening a pleasant social season, a family reunion after the day’s duties. Many a man would thus be led to choose the society of his home before that of the clubhouse or the saloon. Many a boy would be kept from the street or the corner grocery. Many a girl would be saved from frivolous, misleading associations. The influence of the home would be to parents and children what God designed it should be, a lifelong blessing.?{CCh 138.2}[2]
§7
常有人问：“妻子难道不应该有自己的意志吗？”圣经清楚地说：丈夫是一家之主。“你们作妻子的，当顺服自己的丈夫。”如果这条命令到此为止，我们可以说作妻子的地位并不值得羡慕。在许多情况下，妻子的地位艰苦又难堪。这样的婚姻不如少有为妙。许多丈夫读到“你们作妻子的，当顺服”就停止了，但我们应该将这条命令的结论读出来：“这在主里面是相宜的。”{CCh 138.3}[3]
§8
The question is often asked, “Shall a wife have no will of her own?” The Bible plainly states that the husband is the head of the family. “Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands.” If this injunction ended here, we might say that the position of the wife is not an enviable one; it is a very hard and trying position in very many cases, and it would be better were there fewer marriages. Many husbands stop at the words, “Wives, submit yourselves,” but we will read the conclusion of the same injunction, which is. “As it is fit in the Lord.”?{CCh 138.3}[3]
§9
上帝要求作妻子的始终保持敬畏和荣耀上帝的心。她只能向主耶稣基督完全地降服，因祂用祂生命的无限代价买下了她作祂自己的孩子。上帝赐给她一颗良心。她若违背了，决不会不受惩罚。她的个性不可消失在她丈夫的个性中，因为她是基督所买来的。她若怀着盲目的忠诚，以为丈夫说什么，她就该做什么，明知这样做会损害她已蒙救赎脱离撒但奴役的身体与心灵，那就错了。在妻子面前，有一位比丈夫更加尊贵，那就是她的救赎主。她顺服自己的丈夫，要遵照上帝的指示：“这在主里面是相宜的。”{CCh 138.4}[4]
§10
God requires that the wife shall keep the fear and glory of God ever before her. Entire submission is to be made only to the Lord Jesus Christ, who has purchased her as His own child by the infinite price of His life. God has given her a conscience, which she cannot violate with impunity. Her individuality cannot be merged into that of her husband, for she is the purchase of Christ. It is a mistake to imagine that with blind devotion she is to do exactly as her husband says in all things, when she knows that in so doing, injury would be worked for her body and her spirit, which have been ransomed from the slavery of Satan. There is One who stands higher than the husband to the wife; it is her Redeemer, and her submission to her husband is to be rendered as God has directed—“as it is fit in the Lord.”?{CCh 138.4}[4]
§11
我们必须拥有上帝的灵，否则我们家中就不可能有和睦。妻子若有基督的精神，就会谨慎自己的言语，控制自己的精神，就会顺服，可是却不会觉得自己是奴隶，而是丈夫的伴侣。丈夫若是上帝的仆人，就不会辖制自己的妻子；不会专横苛求。我们怎样珍重家庭的爱也不会过分；因为家庭若有主的灵住在其中，就是天国的预表。……如果一方有错，另一方就当表现出基督化的宽容，而不应冷漠地避开。（AH 110-118）{CCh 138.5}[5]
§12
We must have the Spirit of God, or we can never have harmony in the home. The wife, if she has the spirit of Christ, will be careful of her words; she will control her spirit, she will be submissive, and yet will not feel that she is a bondslave, but a companion to her husband. If the husband is a servant of God, he will not lord it over his wife; he will not be arbitrary and exacting. We cannot cherish home affection with too much care; for the home, if the Spirit of the Lord dwells there, is a type of heaven. If one errs, the other will exercise Christlike forbearance and not draw coldly away.{CCh 138.5}[5]
§13
【父母的身份】
§14
每一位将要作母亲的妇女，不拘环境如何，都要时刻培养愉快知足的性情，认识到她在这方面的努力，必在儿女的身体、道德和品格方面得到十倍的报赏。不仅如此，她还可以养成快乐思维的习惯，促进愉快的心情，并将她欢乐的精神传染给她的家人和与她交往的人。她身体的健康也必大大增进。她生命的泉源必获得能力的倾注，血液也不再象她若沉溺于沮丧忧闷时那样迟缓地循环了。她的心智和道德的健康，因她精神的活泼而显得富有活力。她的意志也足以抵御思想上所受到的印象，成为神经最有效的安抚剂。凡被剥夺了父母所应遗传之生命力的孩子，都当予以特别的照顾。密切关注生理卫生的原则，能造成好得多的状况。?{CCh 138.6}[6]
§15
【Parenthood】
§16
Every woman about to become a mother, whatever may be her surroundings, should encourage constantly a happy, cheerful, contented disposition, knowing that for all her efforts in this direction she will be repaid tenfold in the physical, as well as the moral, character of her?offspring. Nor is this all. She can, by habit, accustom herself to cheerful thinking, and thus encourage a happy state of mind and cast a cheerful reflection of her own happiness of spirit upon her family and those with whom she associates. And in a very great degree will her physical health be improved. A force will be imparted to the lifesprings, the blood will not move sluggishly, as would be the case if she were to yield to despondency and gloom. Her mental and moral health are invigorated by the buoyancy of her spirits. The power of the will can resist impressions of the mind and will prove a grand soother of the nerves. Children who are robbed of that vitality which they should have inherited of their parents should have the utmost care. By close attention to the laws of their being a much better condition of things can be established.?{CCh 138.6}[6]
§17
凡要作母亲的人都应保守自己的心灵在上帝的爱里。她的心态应当平和；她应该在耶稣的爱里安息，实行基督的话语。她应该记住母亲是与上帝同工的。{CCh 139.1}[7]
§18
She who expects to become a mother should keep her soul in the love of God. Her mind should be at peace; she should rest in the love of Jesus, practicing the words of Christ. She should remember that the mother is a laborer together with God.?{CCh 139.1}[7]
§19
丈夫要与妻子合作。如果所有的母亲都将自己献在上帝的坛上，并将她们的孩子在出生前后都奉献给上帝，我们的世界将会何等地佳美啊！{CCh 139.2}[8]
§20
The husband and the wife are to co-operate. What a world we would have if all mothers would consecrate themselves on the altar of God, and would consecrate their offspring to God, both before and after its birth!?{CCh 139.2}[8]
§21
许多父母视自己的影响为无关紧要的事，但上天不是这样看的。上帝的天使所带来的信息，两次以极其严肃的方式传达，说明它值得我们非常认真地考虑。?{CCh 139.3}[9]
§22
The effect of prenatal influences is by many parents looked upon as a matter of little moment; but heaven does not so regard it. The message sent by an angel of God, and twice given in the most solemn manner, shows it to be deserving of our most careful thought.?{CCh 139.3}[9]
§23
上帝对那位希伯来母亲所说的话，也是对历代一切母亲说。天使说：“我告诉妇人的一切事，她都当谨慎”（士13:13）。母亲的习惯影响婴孩的幸福。她的食欲和情欲都要受原则的控制。如果她要实现上帝在赐她孩子的事上对她的旨意，有的事情她需要放弃，有的事情她必须抵制。{CCh 139.4}[10]
§24
In the words spoken to the Hebrew mother [the wife of Manoah], God speaks to all mothers in every age. “Let her beware,” the angel said; “all that I commanded her let her observe.” The well-being of the child will be affected by the habits of the mother. Her appetites and passions are to be controlled by principle. There is something for her to shun, something for her to work against, if she fulfills God’s purpose for her in giving her a child.{CCh 139.4}[10]
§25
当今之世，青年人的脚前到处都有罗网。千万人被自私和纵欲的生活所吸引。他们看不出表面上快乐的道路所隐藏的危险和可怕的结局。他们因放纵食欲和情欲而精疲力竭。千万的人不但毁掉了今生，也丧失了来生。父母应当记住，他们的儿女必要遭遇这些试探。在孩子出生之前，就要开始准备让他能胜利地与罪恶作战。{CCh 139.5}[11]
§26
The world is full of snares for the feet of the young. Multitudes are attracted by a life of selfish and sensual pleasure. They cannot discern the hidden dangers or the fearful ending of the path that seems to them the way of happiness. Through the indulgence of appetite and passion, their energies are wasted, and millions are ruined for this world and for the world to come. Parents should remember that their children must encounter these temptations. Even before the birth of the child, the preparation should begin that will enable it to fight successfully the battle against evil.?{CCh 139.5}[11]
§27
如果孩子出生以前母亲自我放纵，自私，不耐烦，苛求，这些特性就会在孩子的性情上反映出来的。许多孩子就这样一生下来便承受了几乎无法克服的犯罪倾向。{CCh 139.6}[12]
§28
If before the birth of her child she is self-indulgent, if she is selfish, impatient, and exacting, these traits will be reflected in the disposition of the child. Thus many children have received as a birthright almost unconquerable tendencies to evil.?{CCh 139.6}[12]
§29
但如果母亲能坚定不移地坚持正确的原则，节制克己，仁慈，温和而无私，她就会把这些宝贵的品性传给自己的孩子。?{CCh 139.7}[13]
§30
But if the mother unswervingly adheres to right principles, if she is?temperate and self-denying, if she is kind, gentle, and unselfish, she may give her child these same precious traits of character.?{CCh 139.7}[13]
§31
婴儿是一面镜子，能反映母亲自己的习惯和行为。因此在这些小学生面前，她应如何谨慎自己的言语和行为啊！凡她所希望看到他们具备的品质，她自己就必须先培养。{CCh 140.1}[14]
§32
Infant children are a mirror for the mother in which she may see reflected her own habits and deportment. How careful, then, should be her language and behavior in the presence of these little learners! Whatever traits of character she wishes to see developed in them she must cultivate in herself.?{CCh 140.1}[14]
§33
【需要减轻母亲责任之时】
§34
认为妇女在分娩前的生活与平时毫无二致，乃是常见的错误。在这重要的时期，应该竭力减轻母亲的操劳。她的体内正起着极大的变化。她需要更大量的血液，因此必须多吃那些富有营养的食物，好使其转化为血液。如果不充分地供给她营养丰富的食物，她就无法维持体力，而结果她儿女的精力便被剥夺了。{CCh 140.2}[15]
§35
【When the Mother’s Duties Should Be Lightened】
§36
It is an error generally committed to make no difference in the life of a woman previous to the birth of her children. At this important period the labor of the mother should be lightened. Great changes are going on in her system. It requires a greater amount of blood, and therefore an increase of food of the most nourishing quality to convert into blood. Unless she has an abundant supply of nutritious food, she cannot retain her physical strength, and her offspring is robbed of vitality.?{CCh 140.2}[15]
§37
她的衣着也必须加以注意。应该十分谨慎，免得身体受凉。她不可因穿衣不足而无谓地将热量消耗在皮肤上面。母亲如果得不到充分增进健康而富有营养的食物，则她血液的质和量都必有所缺欠。她血脉的循环必欠佳，而且她的孩子也必有同样的情形。她的儿女必不能使所进用的食物变成良好的血液以保养身体系统。母子的健壮大半基于良好而暖和的衣服，以及富有营养的食物。?{CCh 140.3}[16]
§38
Her clothing also demands attention. Care should be taken to protect the body from a sense of chilliness. She should not call vitality unnecessarily to the surface to supply the want of sufficient clothing. If the mother is deprived of an abundance of wholesome, nutritious food, she will lack in the quantity and quality of blood. Her circulation will be poor, and her child will lack in the very same things. There will be an inability in the offspring to appropriate food which it can convert into good blood to nourish the system. The prosperity of mother and child depends much upon good, warm clothing and a supply of nourishing food.?{CCh 140.3}[16]
§39
【脯乳期母亲的态度】
§40
婴孩最好的饮食是大自然所提供的。除非万不得已，不要用其他食品来代替。母亲为了方便和社交而放弃喂养婴孩的责任，乃是很残忍的事。?{CCh 140.4}[17]
§41
【The Attitude of the Nursing Mother】
§42
The best food for the infant is the food that nature provides. Of this it should not be needlessly deprived. It is a heartless thing for a mother, for the sake of convenience or social enjoyment, to seek to free herself from the tender office of nursing her little one.?{CCh 140.4}[17]
§43
婴孩从母体吸收营养的时期是十分重要的。许多作母亲的在乳养婴孩的时期中操劳过度，或由于烹饪食物的缘故而使血液发热。以致她的婴孩受到了严重的影响，不但从母亲的奶汁中吸收了刺激性的成分，并且他的血液也因母亲不卫生的饮食而受到了毒害，这一类的饮食使母亲的整个身体系统发热，因此影响了婴孩的食料。婴孩也必受母亲的心境所影响。她若时常抑郁不乐，易受刺激，暴躁易怒，好发脾气，则婴孩从母体所吸收的养料中必含有发炎的质素，结果往往使婴孩患上了疝痛，抽筋等症，有时还会引起剧烈的痉挛。{CCh 140.5}[18]
§44
The period in which the infant receives its nourishment from the mother is critical. Many mothers, while nursing their infants, have been permitted to overlabor and to heat their blood in cooking; and the nursling has been seriously affected, not only with fevered nourishment from the mother’s breast, but its blood has been poisoned by the unhealthy diet of the mother, which has fevered her whole system, thereby affecting the food of the infant. The infant will also be affected by the condition of the mother’s mind. If she is unhappy, easily agitated, irritable, giving vent to outbursts of passion, the nourishment the infant receives from its mother will be inflamed, often producing colic, spasms, and in some instances causing convulsions and fits.{CCh 140.5}[18]
§45
婴孩的性格多少必受那从母体吸收的养料的品质所影响。这样看来，在乳养婴儿时母亲必须维持愉快的心情，并完全控制自己的意气，乃是何等重要的事啊！如此作，婴儿的食物不致遭受损害，而且母亲在照料婴儿时所采用的平静而镇定的方式，对于陶冶婴儿的心志也有非常的助益。倘若婴儿生来神经过敏或易受刺激，母亲细心而从容的态度必有安抚纠正的作用，可以大大地增进婴儿的健康。?{CCh 140.6}[19]
§46
The character also of the child is more or less affected by the nature of the nourishment received from the mother. How important then?that the mother, while nursing her infant, should preserve a happy state of mind, having the perfect control of her own spirit. By thus doing, the food of the child is not injured, and the calm, self-possessed course the mother pursues in the treatment of her child has very much to do in molding the mind of the infant. If it is nervous and easily agitated, the mother’s careful, unhurried manner will have a soothing and correcting influence, and the health of the infant can be very much improved.?{CCh 140.6}[19]
§47
【温柔照顾的规律性】
§48
儿女是给予父母的宝贵托付。必有一天，上帝要他们为这个托付而交账。我们应当以更多的时间，更多的关怀和更多的祈祷来训练他们。他们需要更多正确的教育。?{CCh 141.1}[20]
§49
【Regularity in Tender, Loving Care】
§50
Children are committed to their parents as a precious trust, which God will one day require at their hands. We should give to their training more time, more care, and more prayer. They need more of the right kind of instruction.?{CCh 141.1}[20]
§51
儿童患病，其原因往往是抚养不得法，饮食无定，在寒冷的晚间衣服没有穿够，缺少活泼的运动使血液循环保持通畅，或缺乏新鲜的空气来净化血液等。父母要研究病因，并尽快予以弥补。?{CCh 141.2}[21]
§52
In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible.?{CCh 141.2}[21]
§53
婴儿一般从襁褓时期起就放纵食欲，受到活着就是为了吃的教育。在孩子在童年时期，母亲对于他们品格的形成负有很大的责任。她可以训练他们控制食欲，也可以教导他们放纵食欲，成为暴食之人。母亲往往制定计划，要在一天内完成一定量的工作。当孩子搅扰她的时候，她不化些时间安抚他们小小的忧伤，使他们的思想转移他处，却喂以食物求其安静。这样做也许可以奏效一时，结果却更加糟糕。孩子的胃不需要时塞满了食物。而他们实际上所要求的，只是母亲化一点时间去照顾一下。但母亲过于珍视自己的时间，不肯用来增进儿女的欢乐。也许她认为把房间布置得有品位，以博取客人的称赞，或以时尚的方法烹调食物，比儿女的快乐和健康更加重要。{CCh 141.3}[22]
§54
Children are generally brought up from the cradle to indulge the appetite and are taught that they live to eat. The mother does much toward the formation of the character of her children in their childhood. She can teach them to control the appetite, or she can teach them to indulge the appetite and become gluttons. The mother often arranges her plans to accomplish a certain amount through the day; and when the children trouble her, instead of taking time to soothe their little sorrows and divert them, something is given them to eat to keep them still, which answers the purpose for a short time but eventually makes things worse. The children’s stomachs have been pressed with food, when they had not the least want of it. All that was required was a little of the mother’s time and attention. But she regarded her time as altogether too precious to devote to the amusement of her children. Perhaps the arrangement of her house in a tasteful manner for visitors to praise, and to have her food cooked in a fashionable style, are with her higher considerations than the happiness and health of her children.?{CCh 141.3}[22]
§55
婴儿的衣服，务要方便、舒适和健康，不要专求时尚和讨人称赞。母亲不要化时间在孩子的小衣服上刺绣使之好看，枉费精力，既损害自己的健康，又影响孩子的健康。在应该休息和娱乐的时候，她不要埋头缝纫，既费眼神，又耗心力。母亲应该认识到自己有责任保存体力，以应付对于她的各项要求。（AH 255-267）{CCh 141.4}[23]
§56
In the preparation of the baby’s wardrobe, convenience, comfort, and health should be sought before fashion or a desire to excite admiration. The mother should not spend time in embroidery and fancywork to make the little garments beautiful, thus taxing herself with unnecessary labor at the expense of her own health and the health of her child. She should not bend over sewing that severely taxes eyes and nerves, at a time when she needs much rest and pleasant exercise. She should realize her obligation to cherish her strength, that she may be able to meet the demands that will be made upon her.{CCh 141.4}[23]
§57
【教育儿女时需要自制】
§58
在训练儿童时，母亲坚定及成熟的意志，有时会遭遇到儿童无理由及未受训练的意志所反对。此时，母亲这一方面是需要非常智慧的。管理不智及严厉的强迫，对于儿童恐有大害。{CCh 142.1}[24]
§59
【Need of Self-Control in Child Discipline】
§60
In the training of a child there are times when the firm, matured will of the mother meets the unreasoning, undisciplined will of the child. At such times there is need of great wisdom on the part of the mother. By unwise management, by stern compulsion, great harm may be done the child.?{CCh 142.1}[24]
§61
无论何时，都当尽力避免这种危机；因为这是会使母子双方引起严重冲突的。但何时一有了这种危机，务须引导儿童降服自己的意志，去顺从父母更聪明的意志。?{CCh 142.2}[25]
§62
Whenever possible, this crisis should be avoided; for it means a severe struggle for both mother and child. But once such a crisis is entered into, the child must be led to yield its will to the wiser will of the parent.?{CCh 142.2}[25]
§63
母亲应当完全约束自己，不要激起儿童反抗的精神。她不可用大声发命。她若常保持低声和气，必收效更大。她应付儿童的方法，是要吸引他来就耶稣。她应当认识上帝为她的帮助者；爱就是她的能力。{CCh 142.3}[26]
§64
The mother should keep herself under perfect control, doing nothing that will arouse in the child a spirit of defiance. She is to give no loud-voiced commands. She will gain much by keeping the voice low and gentle. She is to deal with the child in a way that will draw him to Jesus. She is to realize that God is her Helper; love, her power.?{CCh 142.3}[26]
§65
如果她是一个聪明的基督徒，她就不会试图以强力去迫使儿童顺服。她要恳切地祈祷，使仇敌不能得到胜利，而且在她祈祷的时候，她就会自觉灵性生活的复新。她要见到那在她里面运行的能力，同时也在儿童里面运行，使他变得更柔和，更顺服。这战争就获胜了。她的忍耐，她的慈爱，以及她那聪明有约束的话语，都已成全其任务了。这种暴风雨之后的平静，正如雨后的阳光一般。那注视这番景象的天使，也要发出快乐的歌声来。?{CCh 142.4}[27]
§66
If she is a wise Christian she does not attempt to force the child to submit. She prays earnestly that the enemy shall not obtain the victory, and, as she prays, she is conscious of a renewal of spiritual life. She sees that the same power that is working in her is working also in the child. He becomes more gentle, more submissive. The battle is won. Her patience, her kindness, her words of wise restraint, have done their work. There is peace after the storm, like the shining of the sun after rain. And the angels, who have been watching the scene, break forth into songs of joy.?{CCh 142.4}[27]
§67
在夫妻的生活上，除非有上帝之灵的管束，也会有这种危机来到；往往表现出冲动及无理的精神，正如儿童所常犯的一样。那时意志与意志相冲突，好像火石击打火石。?（7T 47, 48）{CCh 142.5}[28]
§68
These crises come also in the life of husband and wife, who, unless controlled by the Spirit of God, will at such times manifest the impulsive, unreasoning spirit so often manifested by children. As flint striking flint will be the conflict of will with will.{CCh 142.5}[28]