第42章 海上航行遇险
§1
第42章 海上航行遇险
§2
Chap. 42 - The Voyage and Shipwreck
§3
（本章根据：徒27:1-28:10）
§4
保罗终于起程前往罗马了。路加写道：“非斯都既然定规了，叫我们坐船往意大利去，便将保罗和别的囚犯，交给御营里的一个百夫长，名叫犹流。有一只亚大米田的船，要沿着亚西亚一带地方的海边走；我们就上了那船开行，有马其顿的帖撒罗尼迦人亚里达古，和我们同去。”[1]{AA 439.1 }
§5
At last Paul was on his way to Rome. When it was determined, Luke writes, that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus band. And entering into a ship of Adramyttium, we launched, meaning to sail by the coasts of Asia; one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us. {AA 439.1 }[1]
§6
在西元第一世纪，海上的旅行难免有特别的艰难和危险。航海的人多半靠太阳和星辰的位置来指引他们的行程；所以一旦太阳星辰不出现，而有暴风雨的征兆时，船主就不敢冒险出海航行。在每年的某一段季节中，安全航行简直是不可能的。[2]{AA 439.2 }
§7
In the first century of the Christian Era traveling by sea was attended with peculiar hardship and peril. Mariners directed their course largely by the position of the sun and stars; and when these did not appear, and there were indications of storm, the owners of vessels were fearful of venturing into the open sea. During a portion of the year, safe navigation was almost impossible. {AA 439.2 }[2]
§8
使徒保罗这时必须忍受一段痛苦难堪的时期，他必须以带着锁链的囚犯身分，作一次漫长而乏味的航行前往意大利。有一件事大大地减轻了他的忧苦，那就是他蒙准带着路加和亚里达古同行。后来，他在致歌罗西教会的书信中提到亚里达古为“与我一同坐监的”（西4:10）。其实亚里达古与保罗一同坐监乃是出于自愿，为要在保罗遭受患难时伺候他。[3]{AA 439.3 }
§9
The apostle Paul was now called upon to endure the trying experiences that would fall to his lot as a prisoner in chains during the long and tedious voyage to Italy. One circumstance greatly lightened the hardship of his lot--he was permitted the companionship of Luke and Aristarchus. In his letter to the Colossians he afterward referred to the latter as his fellow prisoner (Colossians 4:10); but it was from choice that Aristarchus shared Pauls bondage, that he might minister to him in his afflictions. {AA 439.3 }[3]
§10
旅程顺利地开始。次日他们在西顿的港口停泊。百夫长犹流“宽待保罗，”既听说那里有基督徒，就“准他往朋友那里去，受他们的照应。”身体衰弱的保罗对于这种宽待深为感激。[4]{AA 440.1 }
§11
The voyage began prosperously. The following day they cast anchor in the harbor of Sidon. Here Julius, the centurion, courteously entreated Paul, and being informed that there were Christians in the place, gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself. This permission was greatly appreciated by the apostle, who was in feeble health. {AA 440.1 }[4]
§12
船在离开西顿之后，就遇到逆风；船既被迫不能直行，因此前进缓慢。百夫长在吕家省的每拉找到一只亚力山大的大船，准备往意大利去，于是他立即将囚犯都转到这只船上。但风向依然不顺，船只行进困难。路加写道：“一连多日，船行得慢，仅仅来到革尼土的对面。因为被风拦阻，就贴着革哩底背风岸，从撒摩尼对面行过；我们沿岸行走，仅仅来到一个地方，名叫佳澳。”[5]{AA 440.2 }
§13
Upon leaving Sidon, the ship encountered contrary winds; and being driven from a direct course, its progress was slow. At Myra, in the province of Lycia, the centurion found a large Alexandrian ship, bound for the coast of Italy, and to this he immediately transferred his prisoners. But the winds were still contrary, and the ships progress was difficult. Luke writes, When we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come over against Cnidus, the wind not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone; and, hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called the Fair Havens. {AA 440.2 }[5]
§14
他们被迫在佳澳停留一个时期，等待顺风。那时冬季快要来临，“行船又危险；”因此管船的人不得不放弃在冬季停航之前到达目的地的希望。这时他们所须决定的唯一问题乃是：该留在佳澳呢，还是设法赶到一个更好的港口过冬。[6]{AA 440.3 }
§15
At Fair Havens they were compelled to remain for some time, waiting for favoring winds. Winter was approaching rapidly; sailing was now dangerous; and those in charge of the vessel had to give up hope of reaching their destination before the season for travel by sea should be closed for the year. The only question now to be decided was, whether to remain at Fair Havens, or attempt to reach a more favorable place in which to winter. {AA 440.3 }[6]
§16
大家热烈地讨论了这个问题，最后由百夫长请问保罗，因他已获得水手和兵士的尊重。保罗毫不犹豫地劝他们留住佳澳。他说：“我看这次行船不但货物和船要受伤损，大遭破坏，连我们的性命也难保。”但“掌船的和船主”，以及多数的船客和水手，却不愿接受这个劝告。因为他们当时停泊的港口“过冬不便，船上的人就多半说，不如开船离开这地方，或者能到非尼基过冬；非尼基是革哩底的一个海口，一面朝东北，一面朝东南。”[7]{AA 441.1 }
§17
This question was earnestly discussed, and was finally referred by the centurion to Paul, who had won the respect of both sailors and soldiers. The apostle unhesitatingly advised remaining where they were. I perceive, he said, that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our lives. But the master and the owner of the ship, and the majority of passengers and crew, were unwilling to accept this counsel. Because the haven in which they had anchored was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the southwest and northwest. {AA 441.1 }[7]
§18
百夫长决定依从多数人的意见。正好“这时微微起了南风，”他们便从佳澳出发，一心指望很快就可到达他们所想去的港口。不料“不多几时，狂风从岛上扑下来；”“船被风抓住，敌不住风。”[8]{AA 441.2 }
§19
The centurion decided to follow the judgment of the majority. Accordingly, when the south wind blew softly, they set sail from Fair Havens, in the hope that they would soon reach the desired harbor. But not long after there arose . . . a tempestuous wind; the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the wind. {AA 441.2 }[8]
§20
船任风刮去，贴近一个名叫高大的小岛，当他们在这岛躲避的时候，水手们就着手准备以防万一。那在大船被风浪冲翻时他们所唯一赖以逃生的工具小救生船，本来是拖在大船后面的，随时有被撞毁的危险。所以他们第一件事就是将小船拉到大船上来。他们采取一切可能的预防办法巩固大船，准备抗拒暴风。那小岛所给予的少许保护并没有使他们受惠多久，一会儿他们又被卷入狂风巨浪之中了。[9]{AA 441.3 }
§21
Driven by the tempest, the vessel neared the small island of Clauda, and while under its shelter the sailors made ready for the worst. The lifeboat, their only means of escape in case the ship should founder, was in tow and liable to be dashed in pieces any moment. Their first work was to hoist this boat on board. All possible precautions were then taken to strengthen the ship and prepare it to withstand the tempest. The scant protection afforded by the little island did not avail them long, and soon they were again exposed to the full violence of the storm. {AA 441.3 }[9]
§22
暴风发作了一整夜，虽然已经采取了种种预防办法，但船依然漏水。“第二天众人就把货物抛在海里。”夜又来到，但风势迄未稍减。这艘被风浪吹逼的船，桅杆折断，帆篷破裂，船身被狂风巨浪所颠簸，忽此忽彼地飘来飘去。船身在风浪冲击之下摇摆震荡，似乎随时有全部瓦解的可能。漏水现象愈益严重了，于是搭客和水手一齐不住地尽力排水。任何在船上的人都没有一刻的休息，路加写道：“到第三天，他们又亲手把船上的器具抛弃了。太阳和星辰多日不显露，又有狂风大浪催逼，我们得救的指望就都绝了。”[10]{AA 442.1 }
§23
All night the tempest raged, and notwithstanding the precautions that had been taken, the vessel leaked. The next day they lightened the ship. Night came again, but the wind did not abate. The storm-beaten ship, with its shattered mast and rent sails, was tossed hither and thither by the fury of the gale. Every moment it seemed that the groaning timbers must give way as the vessel reeled and quivered under the tempests shock. The leak increased rapidly, and passengers and crew worked continually at the pumps. There was not a moments rest for any on board. The third day, writes Luke, we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship. And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away. {AA 442.1 }[10]
§24
他们在暗无日星的天空之下飘荡了十四天之久。保罗虽然自己身体受着痛苦，但总在最黯淡的时辰讲出有希望的话，并在每一危机之中随时伸出援助之手。他凭着信心握住那位全能者的手，他的心也恒切依赖上帝。他并不为自己担心；他知道上帝必定要保留他在罗马为基督的真理作见证。但他的心却怜惜他身边这些没有为死亡作准备的、有罪、堕落、可怜的生灵。当他恳切地要求上帝保全他们的性命时，有指示给他说他的祈祷已蒙应允了。[11]{AA 442.2 }
§25
For fourteen days they drifted under a sunless and starless heaven. The apostle, though himself suffering physically, had words of hope for the darkest hour, a helping hand in every emergency. He grasped by faith the arm of Infinite Power, and his heart was stayed upon God. He had no fears for himself; he knew that God would preserve him to witness at Rome for the truth of Christ. But his heart yearned with pity for the poor souls around him, sinful, degraded, and unprepared to die. As he earnestly pleaded with God to spare their lives, it was revealed to him that his prayer was granted. {AA 442.2 }[11]
§26
保罗趁狂风暂息之际，走出来站在船面甲板上，高声说：“众位！你们本该听我的话；不离开革哩底，免得遭这样的伤损破坏。现在我还劝你们放心，你们的性命一个也不失丧，唯独失丧这船。因我所属所侍奉的上帝，他的使者昨夜站在我旁边说：保罗，不要害怕；你必定站在该撒面前；并且与你同船的人，上帝都赐给你了。所以众位可以放心，我信上帝他怎样对我说，事情也要怎样成就。只是我们必要撞在一个岛上。”[12]{AA 443.1 }
§27
Taking advantage of a lull in the tempest, Paul stood forth on the deck and, lifting up his voice, said: Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any mans life among you, but of the ship. For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve, saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought before Caesar: and, lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with thee. Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me. Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island. {AA 443.1 }[12]
§28
众人听到这话，又生出希望。搭客和水手都振起精神来了。当前还有许多必须作的事，他们还需尽到自己的能力以避免最大的不幸。[13]{AA 443.2 }
§29
At these words, hope revived. Passengers and crew roused from their apathy. There was much yet to be done, and every effort within their power must be put forth to avert destruction. {AA 443.2 }[13]
§30
他们在黑暗的浪涛上飘来飘去，到了第十四天夜间，“约到半夜，”水手们听到海浪撞在礁石上的声音，“以为渐近旱地；就探深浅，探得有十二丈；稍往前行，又探深浅，探得有九丈。恐怕撞在石头上，就从船尾抛下四个锚，盼望天亮。”[14]{AA 443.3 }
§31
It was on the fourteenth night of tossing on the black, heaving billows, that about midnight the sailors, hearing the sound of breakers, deemed that they drew near to some country; and sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms. Then fearing, Luke writes, lest we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. {AA 443.3 }[14]
§32
到了清晨，那在风雨中海岸线的轮廓依稀可辨，却看不到什么熟识的目标。这时，那些不信上帝的水手甚为悲观，因而完全丧失了勇气，就“想要逃出船去，”他们假装准备要“从船头抛锚的样子，”其实早已将小船放在海里了；保罗当时看出他们卑鄙的意图，就对百夫长和兵丁说：“这些人若不等在船上，你们必不能得救。”于是兵丁立即“砍断小船的绳子，由他飘去。”[15]{AA 443.4 }
§33
At break of day the outlines of the stormy coast were dimly visible, but no familiar landmarks could be seen. So gloomy was the outlook that the heathen sailors, losing all courage, were about to flee out of the ship, and feigning to make preparations for casting anchors out of the foreship, they had already let down the lifeboat, when Paul, perceiving their base design, said to the centurion and the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved. The soldiers immediately cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off into the sea. {AA 443.4 }[15]
§34
最危急的时机还在他们前头呢！因此使徒再向众人说勉励的话，并劝搭客和水手大家都吃点东西，说：“你们悬望忍饿不吃什么，已经十四天了。所以我劝你们吃饭，这是关乎你们救命的事；因为你们各人连一根头发，也不至于损坏。”[16]{AA 444.1 }
§35
The most critical hour was still before them. Again the apostle spoke words of encouragement, and entreated all, both sailors and passengers, to take some food, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting, having taken nothing. Wherefore I pray you to take some meat: for this is for your health: for there shall not a hair fall from the head of any of you. {AA 444.1 }[16]
§36
“保罗说了这话，就拿着饼，在众人面前祝谢了上帝，擘开吃。”于是那些若非保罗就早已绝望的二百七十五个疲乏而灰心的人，就和保罗一同吃了饭。“他们吃饱了，就把船上的麦子抛在海里，为要叫船轻一点。”[17]{AA 444.2 }
§37
When he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to eat. Then that worn and discouraged company of two hundred and seventy-five souls, who but for Paul would have become desperate, joined with the apostle in partaking of food. And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and cast out the wheat into the sea. {AA 444.2 }[17]
§38
这时天已经亮了。但他们还看不见什么，足以帮助他们断定究竟是在何处。虽然如此，但他们“发现一个海湾，有岸可登，就商议能把船拢进去不能。于是砍断绳索，弃锚在海里，同时也松开舵绳，拉起头篷，顺着风向岸行去。但遇着两水夹流的地方，就把船搁了浅；船头胶住不动，船尾被浪的猛力冲坏。”[18]{AA 444.3 }
§39
Daylight had now fully come, but they could see nothing by which to determine their whereabouts. However, they discovered a certain creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it were possible, to thrust in the ship. And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoisted up the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore. And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; and the fore part stuck fast, and remained unmovable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves. {AA 444.3 }[18]
§40
保罗和其它囚犯这时险些要遭遇比船难更可怕的厄运。兵丁看出：在他们试图登岸时，他们就必无法再看管所押送的囚犯了。各人都只顾到救自己。然而如果有任何囚犯不见了，那些负责看管他的人就必以性命抵罪。因此兵丁想将所有的囚犯全都治死。罗马的律法准许这种残酷的措施，而且若不是为了大家所深为感激的保罗，这计划一定就立即执行了。百夫长犹流深知船上众人性命的得以幸存，乃是因保罗的缘故；同时更深信有主与他同在，所以不敢加害于他。于是“就吩咐会洑水的，跳下水去先上岸；其余的人，可以用板子，或船上的零碎东西上岸。这样，众人都得了救，上了岸。”及至上岸点名，没有缺少一个人。[19]{AA 445.1 }
§41
Paul and the other prisoners were now threatened by a fate more terrible than shipwreck. The soldiers saw that while endeavoring to reach land it would be impossible for them to keep their prisoners in charge. Every man would have all he could do to save himself. Yet if any of the prisoners were missing, the lives of those who were responsible for them would be forfeited. Hence the soldiers desired to put all the prisoners to death. The Roman law sanctioned this cruel policy, and the plan would have been executed at once, but for him to whom all alike were under deep obligation. Julius the centurion knew that Paul had been instrumental in saving the lives of all on board, and, moreover, convinced that the Lord was with him, he feared to do him harm. He therefore commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land: and the rest, some on boards, and some on broken pieces of the ship. And so it came to pass, that they escaped all safe to land. When the roll was called, not one was missing. {AA 445.1 }[19]
§42
遭遇船难者颇蒙米利大岛上土人的好意款待。路加写道：他们“因为当时下雨，天气又冷，就生火，接待我们众人。”当时保罗也参加积极伺候众人，尽力使别人舒服。他“拾起一捆柴，放在火上，有一条毒蛇，因为热了出来，咬住他的手。”旁边的人大为惊慌；既见保罗带有锁链，知道他是一个囚犯，就彼此说：“这人必是个凶手，虽然从海里救上来，天理还不容他活着。”但“保罗竟把那毒蛇甩在火里，并没有受伤。”众人既知那是一条毒蛇，就等着要看保罗随时在可怕的痛苦中仆倒在地。“看了多时，见他无害，就转念说：他是个神。”[20]{AA 445.2 }
§43
The shipwrecked crew were kindly received by the barbarous people of Melita. They kindled a fire, Luke writes, and received us everyone, because of the present rain, and because of the cold. Paul was among those who were active in ministering to the comfort of others. Having gathered a bundle of sticks, he laid them on the fire, when a viper came forth out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. The bystanders were horror-stricken; and seeing by his chain that Paul was a prisoner, they said to one another, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom, though he hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live. But Paul shook off the creature into the fire and felt no harm. Knowing its venomous nature, the people looked for him to fall down at any moment in terrible agony. But after they had looked a great while, and saw no harm come to him, they changed their minds, and said that he was a god. {AA 445.2 }[20]
§44
船上的人在米利大停留了三个月，在此期间，保罗和他的同工利用各种的机会宣传福音。主借着他们行了许多奇事。为了保罗的缘故，全体被难的人都得到了最亲切的款待；他们一切的需要都获得了供应，而且在他们离开米利大时，所有在航程中需用的一切也都充分地备妥了。他们在逗留期间的重要事故，经由路加简述如下：[21]{AA 446.1 }
§45
During the three months that the ships company remained at Melita, Paul and his fellow laborers improved many opportunities to preach the gospel. In a remarkable manner the Lord wrought through them. For Pauls sake the entire shipwrecked company were treated with great kindness; all their wants were supplied, and upon leaving Melita they were liberally provided with everything needful for their voyage. The chief incidents of their stay are thus briefly related by Luke: {AA 446.1 }[21]
§46
“离那地方不远，有田产是岛长部百流的；他接纳我们，尽情款待三日。当时，部百流的父亲，患热病和痢疾躺着。保罗进去，为他祷告，按手在他身上，治好了他。从此，岛上其余的病人，也来得了医治。他们又多方的尊敬我们；到了开船的时候，也把我们所需用的送到船上。”[22]{AA 446.2 }
§47
In the same quarters were possessions of the chief man of the island, whose name was Publius; who received us, and lodged us three days courteously. And it came to pass, that the father of Publius lay sick of a fever and of a bloody flux: to whom Paul entered in, and prayed, and laid his hands on him, and healed him. So when this was done, others also, which had diseases in the island, came, and were healed: who also honored us with many honors; and when we departed, they laded us with such things as were necessary. {AA 446.2 }[22]