第42章 “古人的遗传”
§1
第42章 “古人的遗传”
§2
Chap. 42 ¨C Tradition
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（本章根据：太15:1-20；可7:1-23）
§4
文土和法利赛人预料在逾越节时能见到耶稣，所以就布置网罗陷害他。但耶稣知道他们的阴谋，就没有去。那时“有法利赛人和几个文士，到耶稣那里聚集。”耶稣既然不到他们那里去，他们就到耶稣这里来。加利利人一度似乎要接受耶稣为弥赛亚，这样的话，犹太公会的权势就要在那一带泯没了。十二个使徒奉差遣出去传道，说明基督的工作有了扩展。门徒更直接地同拉比们冲突，就重新激起了耶路撒冷领袖们的忌恨。在耶稣起初传道时，他们派到迦百农去的奸细，曾想控告他干犯安息日，结果狼狈地败退。但拉比们不肯善罢甘休。他们另派了几个人去监视耶稣，要找把柄控告他。[1]{DA 395.1}
§5
The scribes and Pharisees, expecting to see Jesus at the Passover, had laid a trap for Him. But Jesus, knowing their purpose, had absented Himself from this gathering. Then came together unto Him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes. As He did not go to them, they came to Him. For a time it had seemed that the people of Galilee would receive Jesus as the Messiah, and that the power of the hierarchy in that region would be broken. The mission of the twelve, indicating the extension of Christs work, and bringing the disciples more directly into conflict with the rabbis, had excited anew the jealousy of the leaders at Jerusalem. The spies they sent to Capernaum in the early part of His ministry, who had tried to fix on Him the charge of Sabbathbreaking, had been put to confusion; but the rabbis were bent on carrying out their purpose. Now another deputation was sent to watch His movements, and find some accusation against Him. {DA 395.1}[1]
§6
像过去一样，他们控告耶稣的理由，是他不尊重那些妨碍上帝律法的遗传条例。在名义上这些遗传是维护上帝律法的，但实际上，人们却把它看得比上帝的律法更神圣。遇有遗传与上帝在西奈山颁布的诫命抵触时，拉比们的规条总是占了上风。[2]{DA 395.2}
§7
As before, the ground of complaint was His disregard of the traditional precepts that encumbered the law of God. These were professedly designed to guard the observance of the law, but they were regarded as more sacred than the law itself. When they came in collision with the commandments given from Sinai, preference was given to the rabbinical precepts. {DA 395.2}[2]
§8
在各项礼节中，遵守得最严格的是清洁之礼。饭前若忽略此礼，就是大罪，今生来生都要受刑罚；把干犯者除灭，倒是美德。[3]{DA 395.3}
§9
Among the observances most strenuously enforced was that of ceremonial purification. A neglect of the forms to be observed before eating 3was accounted a heinous sin, to be punished both in this world and in the next; and it was regarded as a virtue to destroy the transgressor. {DA 395.3}[3]
§10
有关洁净的规条，多得不可胜数，尽一生的光阴去学，也未必能全部学到家。那些想要遵守拉比教条的人，为避免仪式方面的污秽，须长期遵守狭隘的清规戒律，从事无休止的洗刷。当人们在这些非上帝所吩咐的繁琐礼节上消耗精力时，他们的注意力就转离上帝律法的大原则了。[4]{DA 396.1}
§11
The rules in regard to purification were numberless. The period of a lifetime was scarcely sufficient for one to learn them all. The life of those who tried to observe the rabbinical requirements was one long struggle against ceremonial defilement, an endless round of washings and purifications. While the people were occupied with trifling distinctions, and observances which God had not required, their attention was turned away from the great principles of His law. {DA 396.1}[4]
§12
基督和他的门徒没有遵守这些洗濯的仪式，奸细们就抓住这一点作为控告的依据。然而他们没有直接攻击基督，只是到他面前批评他的门徒。他们当着众人说：“你的门徒为什么犯古人的遗传呢？因为吃饭的时候他们不洗手。”[5]{DA 396.2}
§13
Christ and His disciples did not observe these ceremonial washings, and the spies made this neglect the ground of their accusation. They did not, however, make a direct attack on Christ, but came to Him with criticism of His disciples. In the presence of the multitude they said, Why do Thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. {DA 396.2}[5]
§14
每当真理的信息以特殊的能力感动人心时，撒但总要让他的党羽在琐碎的问题上挑起争论。他想借此把人的注意力从真正的问题上引开。每当有人发起善工，就有吹毛求疵者乘机而入，为形式或枝节问题引起争论，使人的思想脱离活的现实。在上帝行将用特别方式为他子民作工时，万不可中撒但的诡计而自相争论，使人跌倒。最重要的问题是：我是否以得活泼的信心信靠上帝的儿子？我的人生是否符合上帝的律法？“信子的人有永生，不信子的人得不着永生。”“我门若遵守他的诫命，就晓得是认识他。”（约3:36；约一2:3）[6]{DA 396.3}
§15
Whenever the message of truth comes home to souls with special power, Satan stirs up his agents to start a dispute over some minor question. Thus he seeks to attract attention from the real issue. Whenever a good work is begun, there are cavilers ready to enter into dispute over forms or technicalities, to draw minds away from the living realities. When it appears that God is about to work in a special manner for His people, let them not be enticed into a controversy that will work only ruin of souls. The questions that most concern us are, Do I believe with saving faith on the Son of God? Is my life in harmony with the divine law? He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life. And hereby we do know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments. John 3:36; 1 John 2:3. {DA 396.3}[6]
§16
耶稣没有为自己和门徒辩论，也没有提到他们加在他身上的罪名，却揭露了这些拘泥于形式者的行动是出于什么精神。他举例说明他们的老习惯，还是这次来找他之前刚行过的事。他说：“你们诚然是废弃上帝的诫命，要守自己的遗传。摩西说：‘当孝敬父母。’又说：‘咒骂父母的，必治死他。’你们倒说：‘人若对父母说，我所当奉给你的，已经做了各耳板，’（各耳板就是供献的意思），以后你们就不容他再奉养父母。”他们把第五条诫命撇在一边，认为无关重要，却严格地来奉行古人的遗传。他们教训人说：把财产献给圣殿，比奉养父母的责任更为神圣；而且不论父母的需要多么紧急，人若将已经献给圣殿的财物供给父母，就算犯了亵渎的罪。一个不孝的儿子，只要声明他的财产已经是“各耳板”，即献给上帝，他还可留作自己享用终身，死后才充作圣殿的公产。这样，他或生或死，都能假借侍奉上帝的名义，任意不孝敬父母，亏负父母。[7]{DA 396.4}
§17
Jesus made no attempt to defend Himself or His disciples. He made no reference to the charges against Him, but proceeded to show the spirit that actuated these sticklers for human rites. He gave them an example of what they were repeatedly doing, and had done just before coming in search of Him. Full well ye reject the commandment of God, He said, that ye may keep your own tradition. For Moses said, Honor thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death: but ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free. And ye suffer him no more to do aught for his father or his mother. They set aside the fifth commandment as of 3no consequence, but were very exact in carrying out the traditions of the elders. They taught the people that the devotion of their property to the temple was a duty more sacred than even the support of their parents; and that, however great the necessity, it was sacrilege to impart to father or mother any part of what had been thus consecrated. An undutiful child had only to pronounce the word Corban over his property, thus devoting it to God, and he could retain it for his own use during his lifetime, and after his death it was to be appropriated to the temple service. Thus he was at liberty, both in life and in death, to dishonor and defraud his parents, under cover of a pretended devotion to God. {DA 396.4}[7]
§18
耶稣从未在言语或行为上，减轻世人向上帝奉献礼物和捐款的义务。律法中有关十分之一和捐款的指示，原是基督亲自颁布的。他在世时，曾称赞那将一切所有的投入圣殿库中的穷寡妇。但祭司和拉比们对上帝所表现的热心，无非是一种伪装，用来掩饰自己贪图名利的欲望而已。民众受了他们的愚弄，背负着上帝所未曾加在他们身上的重轭。连基督的门徒也未能完全摆脱这种遗传的成见，和拉比们的威权加在他们身上的束缚。现在耶稣揭穿了拉比们的真面目，要将一切愿意诚心侍奉上帝的人，从遗传的奴役之下解放出来。[8]{DA 397.1}
§19
Never, by word or deed, did Jesus lessen mans obligation to present gifts and offerings to God. It was Christ who gave all the directions of the law in regard to tithes and offerings. When on earth He commended the poor woman who gave her all to the temple treasury. But the apparent zeal for God on the part of the priests and rabbis was a pretense to cover their desire for self-aggrandizement. The people were deceived by them. They were bearing heavy burdens which God had not imposed. Even the disciples of Christ were not wholly free from the yoke that had been bound upon them by inherited prejudice and rabbinical authority. Now, by revealing the true spirit of the rabbis, Jesus sought to free from the bondage of tradition all who were really desirous of serving God. {DA 397.1}[8]
§20
耶稣对狡猾的奸细说：“假冒为善的人哪！以赛亚指着你们说的预言是不错的。他说：‘这百姓用嘴唇尊敬我，心却远离我，他们将人的吩咐当作道理教导人，所以拜我也是枉然。’”基督的话，是对法利赛人全部制度的谴责。他声明：拉比们把自己的规条放在上帝的诫命之上，无异于抬举自己，贬低上帝。[9]{DA 397.2}
§21
Ye hypocrites, He said, addressing the wily spies, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying, This people draweth nigh unto Me with their mouth, and honoreth Me with their lips; but their heart is far from Me. But in vain they do worship Me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. The words of Christ were an arraignment of the whole system of Pharisaism. He declared that by placing their requirements above the divine precepts the rabbis were setting themselves above God. {DA 397.2}[9]
§22
为此，这些从耶路撒冷派来的奸细们怒气填胸。他们不能控告基督违反了西奈山上颁布的律法，因为他所说的话，明明是拥护律法的，他所反对的只是他们的遗传。他所提出律法的伟大训言，与人所制订的烦琐规条，对比鲜明，有天壤之别。[10]{DA 397.3}
§23
The deputies from Jerusalem were filled with rage. They could not accuse Christ as a violator of the law given from Sinai, for He spoke as its defender against their traditions. The great precepts of the law, which He had presented, appeared in striking contrast to the petty rules that men had devised. {DA 397.3}[10]
§24
当时耶稣就对众人解释，后来他又向门徒更详细地解释这个问题说，污秽不是从外面进去，而是从里面出来的；洁净和不洁净与内心有关。那污秽人的，是邪恶的行为，邪恶的言语，邪恶的思想和违反上帝律法的事，而不是疏忽人为的外表仪式。[11]{DA 397.4}
§25
To the multitude, and afterward more fully to His disciples, Jesus explained that defilement comes not from without, but from within. Purity and impurity pertain to the soul. It is the evil deed, the evil word, the evil thought, the transgression of the law of God, not the neglect of external, man-made ceremonies, that defiles a man. {DA 397.4}[11]
§26
门徒注意到那些奸细因自己的假教训被揭穿而恼怒。看见他们的恼怒，听到他们的不满和蓄意复仇的窃窃私语。门徒忘记基督曾屡次显明，他对人的内心如指掌，便提请他考虑这番话造成的影响。门徒希望他能安抚那些恼怒的官长，就对他说：“法利赛人听见这话不服，你知道吗？”[12]{DA 398.1}
§27
The disciples noted the rage of the spies as their false teaching was exposed. They saw the angry looks, and heard the half-muttered words of dissatisfaction and revenge. Forgetting how often Christ had given evidence that He read the heart as an open book, they told Him of the effect of His words. Hoping that He might conciliate the enraged officials, they said to Jesus, Knowest Thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying? {DA 398.1}[12]
§28
耶稣回答说：“凡栽种的物，若不是我天父栽种的，必要拔出来。”拉比们所如此重视的风俗和遗传，是属于这个世界而不是从天上来的。他们在民间的权威无论多大，总经不起上帝的试验。当“人所作的事，连一切隐藏的事，无论是善是恶，上帝都必审问”（传12:14）的日子，人所发明来代替上帝诫命的一切规条，都必归于无有。[13]{DA 398.2}
§29
He answered, Every plant, which My heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up. The customs and traditions so highly valued by the rabbis were of this world, not from heaven. However great their authority with the people, they could not endure the testing of God. Every human invention that has been substituted for the commandments of God will be found worthless in that day when God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Ecclesiastes 12:14. {DA 398.2}[13]
§30
拿人的教训代替上帝的诫命，至今仍未停止。就是在基督徒中，也有种种制度和习惯，其根源无非是祖先的遗传而已。这些仅仅建立在人的权威之上的制度，竟已代替上帝所定的制度。人拘守自己的遗传，尊重自己的风俗，对那些想要指出他们错误的人，报以仇恨。今天，当我们照上帝吩咐传扬上帝的诫命和耶稣的真道时，我们也看到与基督时代所表现的同样的敌意和仇视。论上帝的余民，经上记着说：“龙向妇人发怒，去与她其余的儿女争战，这儿女就是那守上帝诫命，为耶稣作见证的。”（启12:17）[14]{DA 398.3}
§31
The substitution of the precepts of men for the commandments of God has not ceased. Even among Christians are found institutions and usages that have no better foundation than the traditions of the fathers. Such institutions, resting upon mere human authority, have supplanted those of divine appointment. Men cling to their traditions, and revere their customs, and cherish hatred against those who seek to show them their error. In this day, when we are bidden to call attention to the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus, we see the same enmity as was manifested in the days of Christ. Of the remnant people of God it is written, The dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ. Revelation 12:17. {DA 398.3}[14]
§32
但是“凡栽种的物，若不是我天父栽种的，必要拔出来。”上帝吩咐我们接受永生之父，天地之主的话，不听所谓教父的权威。这样，真理才不至同谬误混淆。大卫说：“我比我的师傅更通达，因我思想你的法度；我比年老的更明白，因我守了你的训词。”（诗119:99-100）愿一切接受世人威权、教会的习俗，或父老遗传的人，都注意耶稣话里所含的警告：“他们将人的吩咐当作道理教导人，所以拜我也是枉然。”[15]{DA 398.4}
§33
But every plant, which My heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up. In place of the authority of the so-called fathers of the church, God bids us accept the word of the eternal Father, the Lord of heaven and earth. Here alone is truth unmixed with error. David said, I have more understanding than all my teachers: for Thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more than the ancients, because I keep Thy precepts. Psalm 119:99, 100. Let all who accept human authority, the customs of the church, or the traditions of the fathers, take heed to the warning conveyed in the words of Christ, In vain they do worship Me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. {DA 398.4}[15]